Correlation Analysis of SPAD Value with Chlorophyll Content and Economic Yield Traits of Brassica napus L.

[Objective] The aim was to compare differences of SPAD value, chloro- phyll content, agronomic characters, economic characters and yield traits to analyze correlation of SPAD value with other indices and establish regression functions. [Method] Based on 34 Brassica napus L. varieties, SPAD value, chlorophyll content, agronomic characters, economic characters and yield traits were measured and re- gression functions were established according to correlations. [Result] SPAD value, chlorophyll content, agronomic and economic characters and yield traits all achieved significant level in differences among 34 varieties. Specifically, SPAD value was of extremely significant correlation with chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid, and the correlation from high to low was chl-b〉chl-z〉chl-a〉chl-x. SPAD value was of significantly positive correlation with total pod number per plant, plant height, seed number per pod, yield per plant and harvest yield, and of insignificant correlation with branch point height, effective branch number, pod density of main stem, and pod length. [Conclusion] It is simple and rapid to predict chlorophyll con- tent, economic characters and yields of Brassica napus L. with SPAD value and re- gression functions.

The Distribution Characteristics of Soil pH Values of Tobacco-growing Areas in Dali City and Its Correlation with Soil Nutrients

[Objective] The aim was to study the distribution characteristics of soil pH values and its correlation with soil nutrients in tobacco-growing areas. [Method] Soil nutrients of 43 samples from tobacco-growing areas in Dali City were analyzed.[Results] The results showed that average pH value of tobacco-planting soil in Dali City was 6.52, soil samples which suited for flue-cured tobacco cultivation accounted for 72.09% of total soil samples. In four soil types of tobacco-growing areas, the pH values in a descending order were as follows： alluvial soil〉 paddy soil 〉purple soil〉 red soil. At the altitude range of 1 780-2 200 m, soil pH values showed a gradual decreasing trend. The average contents of soil organic matters were relatively abundant and generally suited for high-quality tobacco cultivation; the average contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were generally at medium and abundant level, however,their rations under the medium level in some tobacco-growing areas were 6.98%,11.63%, 2.33% and 4.65%, respectively; moreover, soil with lower available potassium contents occupied a large proportion, namely 58.14%. [Conclusion] Soil pH values had significant correlation with exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable magnesium, however, they had no significant correlation with other soil nutrients.

Correlation between burnout and professional value in Chinese oncology nurses:A questionnaire survey

Objective:To investigate the relationship between job burnout and professional value in oncology nurses.Methods:The Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI)and the Nurse Professional Values Scale(NPVS)were administered to nurses(n=328)at the Cancer Hospital of Jiangsu Province,China,and the correlation between job burnout and professional value was calculated.Results:The scores(mean±standard deviation)of emotional exhaustion(25.32±12.37),depersonalization(6.93±5.28),and personal accomplishment(30.25±8.96)were measured,indicating a high level of burnout among oncology nurses.Also measured,were the four domains of professional value:caring(36.39±5.73),actionist(21.17±4.85),responsibility freedom and safety(17.95±2.96),and reliability(11.44±1.98).Job burnout and caring were positively correlated(p<0.01),suggesting that caring was the number one concern of oncology nurses.Clinical implication:The prevalence of job burnout in oncology nurses is high,and this could be improved by increasing perception of professional value.It is urgent for managers to strengthen professional value education and to take strategies that reduce job burnout,which is important for the overall quality and safety of nursing.

On Weighted Possibilistic Mean,Variance and Correlation of Interval-valued Fuzzy Numbers

In this paper, the concept of weighted possibilistic mean of interval- valued fuzzy number is first introduced. Further, the notions of weighted possibilistic variance, covariance and correlation of interval-valued fuzzy numbers are presented. Meantime, some important properties of them and relationships between them are studied.

Study on the Monitoring Malfunction of Water Pollution during Drought or Flood Period and Low-carbon and High-value Methodology--A Case Study of the Correlation Test of Water,Soil and Gas Pollution in Xiangxiang County

Based on the low-carbon and high-value methodology of chemical ecology and chemical informatics,combining theory and methods,taking saving,environmental protection,low carbon,high production,high value and circulation as values and aims,the relationship between human and land as a basis,ecosystem as a center,overall control as a goal and agricultural ecological engineering as a mean,environmental pollution detection,as one of bottlenecks for agricultural products and food security,should be solved firstly;through the field survey in dry years from 2009 to 2010 when drought and flood were frequent and the frequency of drought was higher than that of flood,plus the determination of surface water flow and water quantity in a small typical river basin,the correlation of local water,soil and gas in the county could be found,and the transfer of monitoring focus from water environment to atmospheric environment was possible and necessary.The study would promote the quantitative research on the correlation among water,soil and gas,and the results were in accordance with the conclusions of related studies.

Response of Ecosystem Service Value Based on Land Use Changes and Analysis of its Driving Factors in Typical Hilly Region with Red Soil

The contribution rate of ecosystem service value variation was used to analyze the effects of land use changes on the changes of ecosystem service value in Xingguo County during 1996-2005.Grey integrated correlation was employed to explore the contribution level of the indicators such as total population,urbanization level,proportion of primary industry and investment of social fixed assets on ecosystem service value,and the correlation analysis was also carried out.The results showed that the ecosystem service value in Xingguo County during 1996-2005 mainly was woodland,and the decrease of woodland area was the major reason for the sustained reduction of ecosystem service value.With the further increase of market demand and the incentives of local government,the garden area rapidly increased during 2001-2005,and the influence degree of garden towards the changes of ecosystem service value was only second to woodland,ranking No.2.Four socio-economic indicators had different correlation degree with ecosystem service value during the different research periods.Total population,urbanization level and proportion of primary industry had high correlation degree with ecosystem service value,whereas the influence degree of various socio-economic indicators on ecosystem service value was equal with each other day by day.Urbanization level,investment of social fixed assets and total population had significant negative correlation with ecosystem service value,while the proportion of primary industry had positive correlation with ecosystem service value.

Main Resources of Ornamental Grass and Their Ornamental Value Evaluation in Kunming

Ornamental value of 45 ornamental grass resources was evaluated by grey-correlation analysis based on the full investigation and research of ornamental grass resources in Kunming and with the characters of ornamental value, height, color of leaf and inflorescence as evaluating indexes. The results showed that the correlation degree with ideal species of 34 in the 50 ornamental grasses was higher than 0.6; Saccharum fallax, Erianthus longisetosus, Erianthus rufipilus, Zizania latifolia, etc. had better ornamental effects and their correlation degree with ideal species were 0.863 6, 0.812 5, 0.900 0 and 0.815 5, they can be used for landscaping directly.

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Genetic Relationship of Large Fruited Tomato Core Germplasms Based on Genotypic Value

[Objective] The paper aimed to analyze genetic diversity and genetic relationship of large fruited tomato core germplasms based on genotypic value.[Method] Taking 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms as tested materials, the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits was analyzed, and the correlation between traits and genetic relationship between germplasms were analyzed based on genotypic effect value.[Result] The diversity indexes of seven agronomic traits were 3.98, 3.97, 3.99, 3.99, 3.97, 3.98 and 3.87, respectively, indicating there were rich genetic diversities in large fruited tomato core germplasms. Correlation analysis of traits was conducted based on genotypic effect value. The results showed that there was extremely significant positive correlation between leaf length and leaf width, and the correlation coefficient was 0.66. There was extremely significant positive correlation between fruit length and fruit width, with a correlation coefficient of 0.49. There was extremely significant positive correlation between weight per fruit and fruit width, with a correlation coefficient of 0.46. The genetic distance between large fruited tomato core germplasms was calculated based on the phenotypic value of traits. When the distance was 5, 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms were divided into three groups. The genetic distance between large fruited core germplasms tomato was calculated based on genotypic predictive value of traits. When the distance was 10, 55 large fruited tomato core germplasms were divided into six groups. Comparing the results of two clustering analysis, it was found that the clustering analysis based on genotypic value could better explain the genetic relationship between germplasms.[Conclusion] The results could provide some basis for understanding the population variation of large fruited tomato and genetic improvement of tomato cultivars.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cherry Tomato Core Collection Based on Genotypic Values

Taking 65 cherry tomato core germplasms as experimental materials,the genetic diversity of seven agronomic traits were analyzed.The correlation between any two of the seven agronomic traits and the genetic relationships of these germplasms were analyzed based on genotypic values.The genetic diversity indices of the seven agronomic traits were 4.15,4.13,4.16,4.13,4.13,4.13 and 4.01,respectively,showing that the cherry tomato core collection had abundant genetic diversity.The correlation analysis between traits based on genotype effect values showed that leaf length was significantly correlated with leaf width with the correlation coefficient of 0.56.The fruit width was significantly correlated with fruit length with the correlation coefficient of 0.52.The flesh thickness was significantly correlated with fruit length and fruit width with the correlation coefficients of 0.49 and 0.39,respectively.The single fruit weight was significantly correlated with fruit length,fruit width and flesh thickness with the correlation coefficients of 0.44,0.61 and 0.62,respectively.When the genetic distances between core germplasms of cherry tomato were calculated based on the phenotypic values,65 core germplasms of cherry tomato were divided into three groups with the rescaled distance of 10.When the genetic distances between core germplasms of cherry tomato were calculated based on the genotypic values,the 65 core germplasms of cherry tomato were divided into four groups with the rescaled distance of 10.Comparing the 2 clustering results,it could find that genotypic value-based clustering analysis could better clarify the genetic relationship between core germplasms.This study could provide a theoretical basis for the effective utilization of cherry tomato core germplasms.

Association between Agricultural Production Value and the Use of Rural Area within the Municipalities in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Rural economic development can differ intensely among municipalities within the same region. The economic activity disparity among them makes public policy actions difficult. It is possible to find highly efficient and globally competitive producers, as well as those producing for subsistence, in the same area. This disparity stands out the total productivity importance of the factors of production in the agricultural sector, especially the productivity of the land. The way the land is occupied in the rural area, namely crops, pastures, reforestation and other areas, can be indicative of the productivity of the land factor and the value of agricultural production. The products that compose the value of the agricultural production present different land occupation through their own productive characteristic. The main objective of this work was to measure the association between the production value of groups of agricultural products and the diversified uses of the rural area in the production of the municipalities in the state of Sao Paulo. In this research, 52 agricultural products produced in 2008 were used, grouped in five production value variables and other nine variables of the land use in production of the municipalities in Sao Paulo. The multivariate statistical technique of canonical correlation was used to measure the association between the product variables group of the production value with the land use group in agricultural activities. It was concluded that there is a strong correlation （94.3%） in the first pair of canonical variables, representing the production value and the land use, allowing groups of municipalities to be formed at different stages of development in agricultural production. It can be verified that 61.8% of the municipalities in the state were below the average in the production group and land use and that only 4.8% were above average for the production variables group and with values below the average in land use. The stages of agricultural development in the municipalities of Sao Paulo and the association between the production and use of the area can contribute to identify the direction of public policies to increase the productivity of the agricultural sector.

Correlation Analysis of Two Hydrochemical Factors Affecting the Distribution of Ceratopteris thalictroides in China

[ Objective] This study was to analyze the two hydrochemical factors affecting the distribution of Ceratopteris thalictroides, further to provide basis for its habitat protection and population restoration. [ Method ] Twenty two hydrochemical parameters of 22 sampling sites in China＇s tropical and subtropical zones were respectively averaged for calculating their variation coefficients, of which the two showing significant differences were used for multiple comparisons and correlation analyses via least significant difference and correlation coefficient. E Result ] The correlation coefficients of all the 22 tested hydrochemical parameters varied hugely, but only pH value and conductivity showed significantly differences in two water body （type A and type B）. Analysis of correlation presented that pH value were positively correlated with conductivity; further the multiple comparisons showed that the significant difference of pH value was higher than that of conductivity. [Conclusion] With regard to the two hydrochemical parameters showing significant differences, pH value influences the distribution of C. thalictroides more.

Weighted Multi-sensor Data Level Fusion Method of Vibration Signal Based on Correlation Function

As the differences of sensor＇s precision and some random factors are difficult to control,the actual measurement signals are far from the target signals that affect the reliability and precision of rotating machinery fault diagnosis.The traditional signal processing methods,such as classical inference and weighted averaging algorithm usually lack dynamic adaptability that is easy for trends to cause the faults to be misjudged or left out.To enhance the measuring veracity and precision of vibration signal in rotary machine multi-sensor vibration signal fault diagnosis,a novel data level fusion approach is presented on the basis of correlation function analysis to fast determine the weighted value of multi-sensor vibration signals.The approach doesn＇t require knowing the prior information about sensors,and the weighted value of sensors can be confirmed depending on the correlation measure of real-time data tested in the data level fusion process.It gives greater weighted value to the greater correlation measure of sensor signals,and vice versa.The approach can effectively suppress large errors and even can still fuse data in the case of sensor failures because it takes full advantage of sensor＇s own-information to determine the weighted value.Moreover,it has good performance of anti-jamming due to the correlation measures between noise and effective signals are usually small.Through the simulation of typical signal collected from multi-sensors,the comparative analysis of dynamic adaptability and fault tolerance between the proposed approach and traditional weighted averaging approach is taken.Finally,the rotor dynamics and integrated fault simulator is taken as an example to verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed approach,it is shown that the multi-sensor data level fusion based on correlation function weighted approach is better than the traditional weighted average approach with respect to fusion precision and dynamic adaptability.Meantime,the approach is adaptable and easy to use,can be applied to other areas of vibration measurement.

Mathematical Proof of the Synthetic Running Correlation Coefficient and Its Ability to Reflect Temporal Variations in Correlation

The running correlation coefficient(RCC)is useful for capturing temporal variations in correlations between two time series.The local running correlation coefficient(LRCC)is a widely used algorithm that directly applies the Pearson correlation to a time window.A new algorithm called synthetic running correlation coefficient(SRCC)was proposed in 2018 and proven to be rea-sonable and usable;however,this algorithm lacks a theoretical demonstration.In this paper,SRCC is proven theoretically.RCC is only meaningful when its values at different times can be compared.First,the global means are proven to be the unique standard quantities for comparison.SRCC is the only RCC that satisfies the comparability criterion.The relationship between LRCC and SRCC is derived using statistical methods,and SRCC is obtained by adding a constraint condition to the LRCC algorithm.Dividing the temporal fluctuations into high-and low-frequency signals reveals that LRCC only reflects the correlation of high-frequency signals;by contrast,SRCC reflects the correlations of high-and low-frequency signals simultaneously.Therefore,SRCC is the ap-propriate method for calculating RCCs.

Correlation of coordinate transformation parameters

Coordinate transformation parameters between two spatial Cartesian coordinate systems can be solved from the positions of non-colinear corresponding points. Based on the characteristics of translation, rotation and zoom components of the transformation, the complete solution is divided into three steps. Firstly, positional vectors are regulated with respect to the centroid of sets of points in order to separate the translation compo- nents. Secondly, the scale coefficient and rotation matrix are derived from the regulated positions independent- ly and correlations among transformation model parameters are analyzed. It is indicated that this method is applicable to other sets of non-position data to separate the respective attributions for transformation parameters.

Coupled Cross-correlation Neural Network Algorithm for Principal Singular Triplet Extraction of a Cross-covariance Matrix

This paper proposes a novel coupled neural network learning algorithm to extract the principal singular triplet (PST) of a cross-correlation matrix between two high-dimensional data streams. We firstly introduce a novel information criterion (NIC), in which the stationary points are singular triplet of the crosscorrelation matrix. Then, based on Newton's method, we obtain a coupled system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from the NIC. The ODEs have the same equilibria as the gradient of NIC, however, only the first PST of the system is stable (which is also the desired solution), and all others are (unstable) saddle points. Based on the system, we finally obtain a fast and stable algorithm for PST extraction. The proposed algorithm can solve the speed-stability problem that plagues most noncoupled learning rules. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can also be used to extract multiple PSTs effectively by using sequential method. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

The Parallel Calculation of the Ground-State Correlation Energy of Helium Atom

When we use Modified Configuration Interaction method(MCI) to calculate the correlation energy of double electron systems, for obtaining the higher precision, we always need huge calculations. In order to handle this problem, which will cost much CPU time and memory room if only using a single computer to do it, we now adopt the parallel multisection recurrence algorithm. Thus we can use several CPUs to get the ground state energy of a Helium atom at the same time.

Most relevant weighted filtering with one-step singular correlation recognition

Based on the recognition of one-step singular correlation and the remedying methods obtained before,the correlation properties of the neighborhood pixels and the characteristics of image de-noising were analyzed.A kind of most relevant weighted filtering method based on one-step singular correlation recognition(OSSC-MRWF)was put forward.The simulation experiments were done and the comparison with some commonly used methods under salt-and-pepper noises was made.The results show that the proposed method can not only effectively recognize salt-and-pepper noises and mend up the noise points,but also protect the original information such as the edge details very well.The accuracy and performance indicators are further improved considerably.

Correlation Questionnaire Design and Analysis

Questionnaires are frequently used in social science studies.However,traditional questionnaires failed to effectively contribute to the targeted goals of question phases or overall evaluation.This study researched an investigation method termed the correlation questionnaire.The questionnaire was divided into three levels:the phase level,the question level and the performance level.The analysis results showed that the correlation questionnaire provides an overall performance effectiveness evaluation and comparative assessment for an individual program.In addition,when weighting values were added to the phase level,in accordance with the effective degree to questionnaire goal,they can effectively reflect the performance of the questionnaire goal.

Chrestenson Spectrum and Auto-Correlation Function of Inverse Permutations of Quick Trickle Permutations

In this paper, a sufficient and necessary condition of quick trickle permutations is given from the point of inverse permutations. The bridge is built between quick trickle permutations and m-value logic functions. By the methods of the Chrestenson spectrum of m-value logic functions and the auto-correlation function of m-value logic functions to investigate the Chrestenson spectral characteristics and the auto-correlation function charac- teristics of inverse permutations of quick trickle permutations, a determinant arithmetic of quick trickle permutations is given. Using the results, it becomes easy to judge that a permutation is a quick trickle permutation or not by using computer. This gives a new pathway to study constructions and enumerations of quick trickle permutations.

Spectral characterization of the correlation-immunity of multiple-valued logic functions

Correlation-immunity is an important concept in cryptology. In ref. [1] Siegenthaler introduced the mathematical definition of correlation-immunity and used the correlation-immunity order of logic functions as a measure for cipher systems to defend against correlation attacks. In terms of Walsh transform, the correlation immunity of binary-valued logic functions, i.e. Boolean functions, was studied in ref. [2], and a