船舶交管、搜救行业常用“fairway”类型词认知语言学分析

针对目前船舶交管、搜救行业中英语"航道"类型词用法多样、认知语言学词义丰富,容易带来理解歧义等现象,以认知语言学为视角,对该行业实际使用的信息交换语句进行整理,并提取使用频度最高的12个词为研究对象,对这些词的独立语义和在语句中表达的语义进行分析,并得出使用结论。首先是常用"航道"类型词都有一定的比喻类的认知意义;其次是这些词汇在句子里可以通过句子中的拟人化比喻,或者焦点和背景来产生认知意义;再者此类词的选用与相关的地域、教育程度有关。

新Caledonia离岸Fairway盆地似海底反射高分辨率地震研究初步成果

1998年法国-澳大利亚实施一个航次的联合调查，随之第一次报告了在新Caledona离岸Fairway盆地存在气体水合物。此航次识别了一个似海底反射（BSR），位于LordHowe隆起东侧的新Caledona西部。在同一区域实施了ZoNeCo5（1999）航次后，提出BSR的范围超过7万km^2，有可能是已圈定面积最大的BSR。为了确定BSR的存在并评估其特征，在2004年ZoNeCo11航次调查了一个站点。同时采集了以3．3km长电缆记录和以紧密间隔的海底地震检波器记录的高分辨率地震数据。海面地震数据成像可得到沉积构造以及推测的BSR相关的沉积地层的细节。基于OBS数据的旅行时反演提供了海底下速度分布的信息。这一研究的初步结果表明，尽管在Fairway盆地出现至少二个异常反射体，但都不能描述为BSR。观察到的异常反射体的成因依然未知，但更可能是与流体循环有关，而不是与沉积中气体和气体水合物的存在有关。

Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration targets of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Southeastern Sichuan Basin

No breakthrough has been made in petroleum exploration of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin as the major factors controlling the hydrocarbon accumulation of the Dengying Formation have not been well established,including the development period and distribution of the platform margin,the effectiveness of the source-reservoir combination and the reliability of the Cambrian pre-salt structural trap.Based on the interpretation of seismic data and hydrocarbon-source correlation,the distribution of the platform margin of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin was mapped.Moreover,the gas source rocks of the Dengying Formation were clarified according to geochemical characteristics of fluid inclusions,and the pre-salt structures were further confirmed by seismic forward modeling and experiments of prestack depth migration.Results showed that the sedimentary facies of the 4th member of Dengying Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin was platform margin of gentle slope type.The platform margin reservoir of the Dengying Formation and the Lower Cambrian source rocks constitute a favorable source-reservoir combination.The carbon isotope characteristics of gas in fluid inclusions indicate that some of the oil/gas in the Dengying Formation were contributed by the Doushantuo Formation source rocks.As the difference in seismic velocities between carbonate rocks and gypsum/salt beds may cause a reduction in the amplitude of pre-salt structures,the low-amplitude structures identified on current seismic profiles are underestimated instead of overestimated.Accordingly,the Sinian structural traps are confirmed to develop in the deep pre-salt sequences in the low-steep anticline belt,southeastern Sichuan Basin.On the basis of the above new understanding,we propose two types of hydrocarbon migration modes for the Sinian Dengying Formation in southeastern Sichuan Basin,including lateral migration of hydrocarbons generated from the Cambrian Qiongzusi Formation and vertical migration of hydrocarbons derived from the Sinian Doushantuo Formation.Lithologic traps at the platform margin and pre-salt structural traps within the platform are favorable targets for natural gas exploration.

VLCC进出美湾简介

任何船舶进入美国水域均应按照美国相关法律条文的规定执行(FOREIGN VESSEL RULES),对于油船而言,不仅要防止船上溢油事故的发生,还要避免大气污染,其防污染工作和水上环境保护的形势也愈加严峻,这给油船船东和经营者的带来了非常大的压力。但是,如果油船船东、经营者、船员能够按照要求采取必要的预防措施,就能避免事故的发生或者将对船东的损失降到最低。