Nonpolar components from ginseng of different ages were extracted and analysed using a GC-MS technique to determine their chemical compositions. In total, 23 ingredients, mostly aliphatic compounds, were identified. T...Nonpolar components from ginseng of different ages were extracted and analysed using a GC-MS technique to determine their chemical compositions. In total, 23 ingredients, mostly aliphatic compounds, were identified. The compounds extracted included 10,12-octadecadiynoic acid (12.81% - 36.43%), falcarinol (4.95% - 36.79%), n-hexadecanoic acid (0.60% - 9.70%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (0.33% - 5.63%), 5,7-dodecadiyn-1,12-diol (0.97% - 3.85%), (Z)-9-octadecenamide (2.66% - 5.38%) and (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (0.46% - 5.27%). The two major diyne compositions, falcarinol (8) and 10,12-octadecadiynoic acid (12), were the predominant components (over 50%) of the nonpolar extract of older ginseng. Moreover, the 10,12-octadecadiynoic acid obviously accumulated as the ginseng grew. Sitosterol, a universal metabolite in higher plants, makes up 55.80% of the content of 6-year-old ginseng, but markedly decreases in older ginseng. There was not much difference between the extracts of 8, 10, 12 and 16-year ginsengs, but the extracts of 6-year-old ginseng were distinctive.展开更多
Objective:Humans have long used volunteer edible for food purposes,but with the advancement of Agricultural science,the use of native wild plants has become less important and today,with increasing population and food...Objective:Humans have long used volunteer edible for food purposes,but with the advancement of Agricultural science,the use of native wild plants has become less important and today,with increasing population and food shortages,on the one hand,the cost of cultivation and water supply and Suitable agricultural soil,on the other hand,should once again be considered as a secondary resource alongside other food sources.The increasing use of chemical fertilizers has caused irreparable environmental and health damage.Eryngium caeruleum is a perennial and native plant that normally grows in autumn and spring.Materials and methods:In order to study the impact of different planting densities and biological fertilizers on Eryngium caeruleum yield and essential oil content,an experiment was conducted in 2013 in Sari based on a factorial randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and 5 replications.The factors included Eryngium caeruleum with 3 density levels of(1030,2030 and 3030 cm),mycorrhiza at 2 inoculated and non-inoculated levels and Azotobacter at 2 levels of inoculated with seeds and non-inoculated.Results:The results showed that the mycorrhizal symbiosis treatments and Azotobacter application had a significant effect on all measured characteristics and increased the measured characteristics in the experimental group compared to the control group.The amount of naphthalene was obtained from mycorrhizal coexistence of 70.33%and the application of Azotobacter 3.33%and control 0.69.展开更多
目的采用HPLC法对珠子参Panax japonicus中多指标成分进行定量检测,建立主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA)及加权逼近理想解...目的采用HPLC法对珠子参Panax japonicus中多指标成分进行定量检测,建立主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA)及加权逼近理想解排序-灰色关联度(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution-grey relation analysis,TOPSIS-GRA)融合模型对不同产地珠子参进行质量评价,以提高珠子参药材整体质量控制水平。方法采用外标法测定珠子参中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rd2、竹节参皂苷V、楤木皂苷A、竹节参皂苷IVa、越南参皂苷R4、齐墩果酸、镰叶芹醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇含量,定量检测条件为Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱,流动相乙腈-0.2%磷酸梯度洗脱,检测波长205 nm,柱温30℃。以珠子参中13种成分含量为变量,通过PCA降维获得主成分并实现对样品分组,在样品分组基础上采用OPLS-DA挖掘影响珠子参质量的差异性标志物。建立加权TOPSIS-GRA融合模型对不同产地珠子参综合质量进行评价。结果珠子参中13种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),平均加样回收率为96.76%~100.06%(RSD<2.0%),精密度、稳定性和重复性试验结果符合《中国药典》2020年版规定。PCA结果显示前2个主成分特征值分别为9.757和1.976,累积方差贡献率为90.255%,15批珠子参聚为3组,呈现一定产地差异;OPLS-DA结果显示竹节参皂苷IVa、竹节参皂苷V、人参皂苷Rd2、β-谷甾醇、楤木皂苷A和人参皂苷Re是影响珠子参质量的差异性标志物。加权TOPSIS-GRA融合模型结果显示15批珠子参样品的平均相对贴近度(γi)为0.2613~0.7432,珠子参产品质量存在一定产地差异,同一产地差异较小,不同产地产品质量差异较大,同时聚类结果与PCA结果一致。结论建立的HPLC多指标成分定量控制方法操作便捷、结果准确,可用于珠子参中13种成分的同步检测;PCA、OPLS-DA及加权TOPSIS-GRA融合模型合理可靠,可用于不同产地珠子参质量评价。展开更多
文摘Nonpolar components from ginseng of different ages were extracted and analysed using a GC-MS technique to determine their chemical compositions. In total, 23 ingredients, mostly aliphatic compounds, were identified. The compounds extracted included 10,12-octadecadiynoic acid (12.81% - 36.43%), falcarinol (4.95% - 36.79%), n-hexadecanoic acid (0.60% - 9.70%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (0.33% - 5.63%), 5,7-dodecadiyn-1,12-diol (0.97% - 3.85%), (Z)-9-octadecenamide (2.66% - 5.38%) and (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (0.46% - 5.27%). The two major diyne compositions, falcarinol (8) and 10,12-octadecadiynoic acid (12), were the predominant components (over 50%) of the nonpolar extract of older ginseng. Moreover, the 10,12-octadecadiynoic acid obviously accumulated as the ginseng grew. Sitosterol, a universal metabolite in higher plants, makes up 55.80% of the content of 6-year-old ginseng, but markedly decreases in older ginseng. There was not much difference between the extracts of 8, 10, 12 and 16-year ginsengs, but the extracts of 6-year-old ginseng were distinctive.
文摘Objective:Humans have long used volunteer edible for food purposes,but with the advancement of Agricultural science,the use of native wild plants has become less important and today,with increasing population and food shortages,on the one hand,the cost of cultivation and water supply and Suitable agricultural soil,on the other hand,should once again be considered as a secondary resource alongside other food sources.The increasing use of chemical fertilizers has caused irreparable environmental and health damage.Eryngium caeruleum is a perennial and native plant that normally grows in autumn and spring.Materials and methods:In order to study the impact of different planting densities and biological fertilizers on Eryngium caeruleum yield and essential oil content,an experiment was conducted in 2013 in Sari based on a factorial randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and 5 replications.The factors included Eryngium caeruleum with 3 density levels of(1030,2030 and 3030 cm),mycorrhiza at 2 inoculated and non-inoculated levels and Azotobacter at 2 levels of inoculated with seeds and non-inoculated.Results:The results showed that the mycorrhizal symbiosis treatments and Azotobacter application had a significant effect on all measured characteristics and increased the measured characteristics in the experimental group compared to the control group.The amount of naphthalene was obtained from mycorrhizal coexistence of 70.33%and the application of Azotobacter 3.33%and control 0.69.
文摘目的采用HPLC法对珠子参Panax japonicus中多指标成分进行定量检测,建立主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA)及加权逼近理想解排序-灰色关联度(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution-grey relation analysis,TOPSIS-GRA)融合模型对不同产地珠子参进行质量评价,以提高珠子参药材整体质量控制水平。方法采用外标法测定珠子参中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rd2、竹节参皂苷V、楤木皂苷A、竹节参皂苷IVa、越南参皂苷R4、齐墩果酸、镰叶芹醇、豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇含量,定量检测条件为Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱,流动相乙腈-0.2%磷酸梯度洗脱,检测波长205 nm,柱温30℃。以珠子参中13种成分含量为变量,通过PCA降维获得主成分并实现对样品分组,在样品分组基础上采用OPLS-DA挖掘影响珠子参质量的差异性标志物。建立加权TOPSIS-GRA融合模型对不同产地珠子参综合质量进行评价。结果珠子参中13种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),平均加样回收率为96.76%~100.06%(RSD<2.0%),精密度、稳定性和重复性试验结果符合《中国药典》2020年版规定。PCA结果显示前2个主成分特征值分别为9.757和1.976,累积方差贡献率为90.255%,15批珠子参聚为3组,呈现一定产地差异;OPLS-DA结果显示竹节参皂苷IVa、竹节参皂苷V、人参皂苷Rd2、β-谷甾醇、楤木皂苷A和人参皂苷Re是影响珠子参质量的差异性标志物。加权TOPSIS-GRA融合模型结果显示15批珠子参样品的平均相对贴近度(γi)为0.2613~0.7432,珠子参产品质量存在一定产地差异,同一产地差异较小,不同产地产品质量差异较大,同时聚类结果与PCA结果一致。结论建立的HPLC多指标成分定量控制方法操作便捷、结果准确,可用于珠子参中13种成分的同步检测;PCA、OPLS-DA及加权TOPSIS-GRA融合模型合理可靠,可用于不同产地珠子参质量评价。
