Numerical Study on the Duct Noise Control of Single-Stage Axial Flow Fan with Wave Leading Edge Stator Blade Configurations

This study focuses on a single-stage axial flow fan, investigating the effect of three kinds of wave leading edge stator blades on its noise reduction. The DDES method and the duct acoustic analogy theory based on the penetrable data surface were used for noise prediction. The results showed that the three kinds of wave leading edge blades were effective in reducing the rotor-stator interaction tonal noise and also have a certain inhibitory effect on broadband noise. The A10W15 stator blade can effectively reduce broadband noise in the frequency range of 2200 - 4200 Hz. When the amplitude is increased to 20, the noise reduction effect is further enhanced. However, when the amplitude is increased to 30, the broadband noise reduction effect is no longer significant. Further research shows that the wave leading edge stator blades can significantly change the pressure fluctuation distribution on the leading edge and suction surface, which control the modal energy distribution. Finally, this paper analyzed multiple factors affecting the broadband noise reduction, such as the noise source cut-off and cut-on effect and correlation. The purpose of this paper is to explore the laws of the influence of wave leading edge blades on the duct noise of real fan, and to reveal its noise control mechanism. .

Numerical Study on Internal Flow of Small Axial Flow Fan with Splitter Blades

The splitter blades are widely used in axial compressors and play an active role in the improvement of the overall performance of compressors. However, little research on the application of splitter blades to small axial flow fans is conducted. This paper designs a splitter blade small axial flow fan (model B) with a small axial flow fan as the prototype fan (model A) by adding short blades at the second half part of the passageway among long blades of model A. The steady simulation for the two models was conducted with the help of RNG k-ε turbulence model provided by software Fluent, and static characteristics and internal flow characteristics of the two models were compared and analyzed. Results show that splitter blades can improve the unsteady flow in the small flow rate region and also have a positive role to increase static pressure rise and efficiency in the higher flow rate region. The variation of static pressure gradient on the meridian plane in model B is well-distributed. The static pressure on the blade surface of model B distributes more uniformly. Splitter blades can suppress the secondary flow from pressure side to suction side in the leading edge because the pressure difference between suction side and pressure side in model B is generally lower than that of model A. And it also can restrain the vortex shedding and flow separation, and further it may be able to get the aerodynamic noise lower because static pressure gradient on the blade surface is well-distributed and the vortex shedding is not developed. Therefore, the performance of the fan with splitter blades is better than that of the prototype fan. The findings of this paper can be a basis for the design of high performance small axial flow fans.

NON-DIMENSIONAL DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR FOD TOLERANT FAN BLADES

Non-dimensional design concept for FOD tolerant fan blades is introduced based on the analyses of simplified impact models. The fan blades arc idealized as either beams or plates of elastic or rigid-plastic materials. The case of constant force impact as well as that of mass impact is analyzed. The centrifugal force effects are also considered in the beam models. The critical fracture conditions arc shown in simple npn-dimensional formulae or diagrams for each case.

Time-dependent Vibration Frequency Reliability Analysis of Blade Vibration of Compressor Wheel of Turbocharger for Vehicle Application

Blade vibration failure is one of the main failure modes of compressor wheel of turbocharger for vehicle application. The existing models for evaluating the reliability of blade vibration of compressor wheel are static, and can not reflect the relationship between the reliability of compressor wheel with blade vibration failure mode and the life parameter. For the blade vibration failure mode of compressor wheel of turbocharger, the reliability evaluation method is studied. Taking a compressor wheel of turbocharger for vehicle application as an example, the blade vibration characteristics and how they change with the operating parameters of turbocharger are analyzed. The failure criterion for blade vibration mode of compressor wheel is built with the Campbell diagram, and taking the effect of the dispersity of blade natural vibration frequency and randomness of turbocharger operating speed into account, time-dependent reliability models of compressor wheel with blade vibration failure mode are derived, which embody the parameters of blade natural vibration frequency, turbocharger operating speed, the blade number of compressor wheel, life index and minimum number of resonance, etc. Finally, the rule governing the reliability and failure rate of compressor wheel and the method for determining the reliable life of compressor with blade vibration is presented. A method is proposed to evaluate the reliability of compressor wheel with blade vibration failure mode time-dependently.

Study of modeling unsteady blade row interaction in a transonic compressor stage part 2:influence of deterministic correlations on time-averaged flow prediction

The average-passage equation system （APES） provides a rigorous mathematical framework for account- ing for the unsteady blade row interaction through multistage compressors in steady state environment by introducing de- terministic correlations （DC） that need to be modeled to close the equation system. The primary purpose of this study was to provide insight into the DC characteristics and the in- fluence of DC on the time-averaged flow field of the APES. In Part 2 of this two-part paper, the influence of DC on the time-averaged flow field was systematically studied; Several time-averaging computations boundary conditions and DC were conducted with various for the downstream stator in a transonic compressor stage, by employing the CFD solver developed in Part 1 of this two-part paper. These results were compared with the time-averaged unsteady flow field and the steady one. The study indicat;d that the circumferential- averaged DC can take into account major part of the unsteady effects on spanwise redistribution of flow fields in compres- sors. Furthermore, it demonstrated that both deterministic stresses and deterministic enthalpy fluxes are necessary to reproduce the time-averaged flow field.

Study of modeling unsteady blade row interaction in a transonic compressor stage part 1:code development and deterministic correlation analysis

The average-passage equation system （APES） provides a rigorous mathematical framework for account- ing for the unsteady blade row interaction through multi- stage compressors in steady state environment by introduc- ing deterministic correlations （DC） that need to be modeled to close the equation system. The primary purpose of this study is to provide insight into the DC characteristics and the influence of DC on the time-averaged flow field of the APES. In Part 1 of this two-part paper, firstly a 3D viscous unsteady and time-averaging flow CFD solver is developed to investi- gate the APES technique. Then steady and unsteady simu- lations are conducted in a transonic compressor stage. The results from both simulations are compared to highlight the significance of the unsteady interactions. Furthermore, the distribution characteristics of DC are studied and the DC at the rotor/stator interface are compared with their spatial cor- relations （SC）. Lastly, steady and time-averaging （employing APES with DC） simulations for the downstream stator alone are conducted employing DC derived from the unsteady re- suits. The results from steady and time-averaging simula- tions are compared with the time-averaged unsteady results. The comparisons demonstrate that the simulation employing APES with DC can reproduce the time-averaged field and the 3D viscous time-averaging flow solver is validated.

Numerical Simulation of Axial Inflow Characteristics and Aerodynamic Noise in a Large-Scale Adjustable-Blade Fan

Numerical simulation are conducted to explore the characteristics of the axial inflow and related aerodynamic noise for a large-scale adjustable fan with the installation angle changing from−12°to 12°.In such a range the maximum static(gauge)pressure at the inlet changes from−2280 Pa to 382 Pa,and the minimum static pressure decreases from−3389 Pa to−8000 Pa.As for the axial intermediate flow surface,one low pressure zone is located at the junction of the suction surface and the hub,another is located at the suction surface close to the casing position.At the outlet boundary,the low pressure is negative and decreases from−1716 Pa to−4589 Pa.The sound pressure level of the inlet and outlet noise tends to increase monotonously by 11.6 dB and 7.3 dB,respectively.The acoustic energy of discrete noise is always higher than that of broadband noise regardless of whether the inlet or outlet flow surfaces are considered.The acoustic energy ratio of discrete noise at the inlet tends to increase from 0.78 to 0.93,while at the outlet it first decreases from 0.79 to 0.73 and then increases to 0.84.

Vibration reliability analysis for aeroengine compressor blade based on support vector machine response surface method

To ameliorate reliability analysis efficiency for aeroengine components, such as compressor blade, support vector machine response surface method(SRSM) is proposed. SRSM integrates the advantages of support vector machine(SVM) and traditional response surface method(RSM), and utilizes experimental samples to construct a suitable response surface function(RSF) to replace the complicated and abstract finite element model. Moreover, the randomness of material parameters, structural dimension and operating condition are considered during extracting data so that the response surface function is more agreeable to the practical model. The results indicate that based on the same experimental data, SRSM has come closer than RSM reliability to approximating Monte Carlo method(MCM); while SRSM(17.296 s) needs far less running time than MCM(10958 s) and RSM(9840 s). Therefore,under the same simulation conditions, SRSM has the largest analysis efficiency, and can be considered a feasible and valid method to analyze structural reliability.

Investigation of Microstructure of Fine Grain Cast IN718 Compressor Blade from Abroad

Fine grain cast IN718 compressor blade form abroad has been analyzed. There is no columnar grain, uniform equiaxed grain, less segregation and no porosity cast defect in essence in the section of blade body with fine grain, in which grain size is about ASTM 2 ～4. Its microstructure is approachable to that of forging. It is hopeful to achieve the goal of replacing forging by casting.

Fatigue Life Estimation for an Aircraft Engine Fan Blade

In this paper,stress states under corresponding condition of an aero-engine fan blade using finite element stress-strain analysis for three work cycles in the 900 h load spectrum are obtained.Through the nominal stress method,we calculated the fatigue notch factor and combined the material characteristics of TC6 to correct the material curve to the fan blades curve. Finally,the fatigue life of a fan blade was estimated using the linear cumulative damage rule and nonlinear cumulative damage theory.

Nonlinear Pre⁃deformation Method for Compressor Rotor Blade

A cold compressor blade deforms elastically under aerodynamic and centrifugal loads during operation,transforming into a hot blade configuration.Blade deformation has a significant effect on the performance of compressor.A nonlinear pre⁃deformation method for compressor rotor blade was developed with consideration of the nonlinear features of blade stiffness and load which varies with blade configuration.In the blade profile design phase,the method can be used to compensate the aeroelastic deformation of the blade during operation.The adverse effects of blade deflection on compressor performance and structure can be avoided by the pre⁃deformation method.Due to the fact that the nonlinear method is sensitive to initial value,a load incremental method was applied to calculate initial blade deformation to stabilize and accelerate the pre⁃deformation method.The developed method was used to predict the manufactured configuration of the Stage 37 rotor blade.The variation rules of aerodynamic and structure parameters of the pre⁃deformed blade were analyzed under off⁃design conditions.Results show that the developed method ensures that under the design condition there was a good match between the actual blade configuration during operation and the intended design blade profile.The blade untwist angle of pre⁃deformed blade could be 0°at design point.Meanwhile,the tip clearance only decreased 0.2%.When the working speed was faster than 80%design speed,the performance of the pre⁃deformed blade agreed with that of the design blade.However,the mass flow rate and the total pressure ratio of the pre⁃deformed blade were lower at low speeds.

Effects of circumferential configuration concerning splitter blade on the aerodynamic performance in a transonic axial fan

For a certain type of transonic axial fan, the flow field of a fan rotor with splitter blade was computed by numerical simulation, and the shape of the rotor was modified. The effects of different circumferential distributions concerning the splitter cascades upon the aerodynamic performance were investigated. The studies show that the optimum splitter cascade is not very close to the suction side of main blade. The load between the main blade and the splitter blade can be soundly distributed in terms of the adjustment of circumferential position of the splitter blade. The best aerodynamic performance can be successfully obtained according to the optimum shape of the expanding fluid channel reasonably formed by the splitter blade and the main blade.

Vibration Modal Analysis of Compressor Blade based on ANSYS

Compressor is an important part of aero engine. In the environment of high temperature and high pressure,compressor blade will suffer from several physical and chemical processes,such as centrifugal force,aerodynamic force vibration and oxidation. These processes will lead compressor blade to fatigue fracture,and at the same time,make negative effects on the engine’ s overall performance. Based on the software ANSYS15. 0,we made strength analysis and modal analysis of compressor blade in this paper. As a result,we got its natural frequencies,relevant modal parameters and vibration mode cloud pictures. After analyzing the influence that centrifugal force made on modal parameters,we predicted the expected damage of the blade. Eventually the analysis results will provide the basis for overall performance evaluation,structural crack detection,fatigue life estimation and strength calculation of aircraft engine compressor.

Effect of Tip-Blade Cutting on the Performance of Large Scale Axial Fan

The effect of tip-blade cutting on the performance of a large scale axial fan was investigated using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)methods.Experiments verified the numerical simulations.The original fan was compared with the one with tip-cutting in terms of dimensionless characteristic and aerodynamic performance in tip region under the conditions of the maximum efficiency point and near-stall point.The results showed that double leakage flow occurred in tip clearance at maximum efficiency point and spillage of leakage flow from leading edge occurred in tip-blade region at near-stall point for the both two fans;and that tip-cutting with 6% of blade height could reduce the intensity of tip-leakage vortex and increase flow capacity in tip blade region,and hold the stall margin almost the same as the original fan.The maximum efficiency of the fan with tip-cutting was improved by1%,and the ability of total pressure rising was obviously greater than the original fan.

基于运营数据的发动机压气机叶片裂纹扩展规律研究

为研究航空发动机实际服役中转子叶片在复杂载荷作用下的裂纹损伤扩展规律,基于航空发动机运营数据构建叶片的裂纹扩展寿命曲线,同时采用断裂力学理论建立裂纹扩展速率公式。以高压压气机叶片为实例,通过流固耦合方法构建压气机叶片结构的载荷模型,分别采用Paris、Walker、Newman裂纹扩展速率公式对压气机叶尖区域进行三维裂纹扩展分析。仿真结果表明,三种裂纹扩展速率公式在裂纹扩展前期预测结果与发动机运营数据裂纹扩展曲线具有一致性,可较好地描述叶片裂纹扩展规律;在裂纹稳定扩展阶段,Walker和Newman公式预测结果相对危险,Paris公式预测结果吻合度较高,并且能与厂家技术手册中关于其损伤发展控制要求相互印证。

多翼离心风机蜗壳气动性能与出风均匀性优化设计

以某型号风暖浴霸吹风系统的多翼离心风机为研究对象,利用ANSYS Fluent 2020 R2对原型风机的出口风量与均匀度进行仿真分析,结果显示仿真与实测误差在5%以内,验证了用CFD数值模拟方法来优化浴霸多翼离心风机的可靠性.将蜗壳型线参数化,通过正交试验设计,针对蜗舌放置角α、蜗舌半径R、等角螺线常数A(蜗壳周向面积)与风轮移动距离L(蜗舌与叶轮间隙)4个因素,制定了16组参数组合方案并进行了CFD数值模拟,得到各方案的出口风量与均匀度,并由均值与极差分析确定了最优参数组合.通过数值计算结果可知,优化后的风机在蜗舌附近区域湍流强度减小,内部流动改善.测试结果显示,优化后的风机出口风量提升7.3%,均匀度提升4.5%,全压效率提升5.9%.显著提升了风暖浴霸离心风机的出风性能和出口风速分布均匀性,对提高风暖浴霸取暖效率和增强人体舒适性有重要意义.

压气机叶片的磨削路径生成算法

针对当前航空发动机压气机叶片的打磨过程繁琐且路径生成算法普遍未适配压气机叶片的几何形貌和加工姿态等问题,提出一种基于压气机叶片的点云数据并自适应压气机叶片的加工姿态和形貌的磨削路径生成算法。以面结构光扫描获取叶片的3维点云信息,对叶片点云进行位姿矫正并在叶片待加工区域创建一系列间距适宜且相互平行的切平面进行切片处理,获取切片数据后计算切平面与叶片点云的交点,拟合所有切片所得交点并计算磨削抛光路径的路径点及刀具姿态。结果表明:通过计算对不同姿态下不同压气机叶片的路径信息进行了仿真,验证了所提出的算法具有自适应压气机叶片加工姿态和形貌的特性,避开了传统逆向工程中的曲面重构误差,证明了算法的可行性与有效性,可进一步应用于后续实际磨削抛光加工作业。

叶片破损对压气机性能的影响

为了研究叶片破损对压气机内部流场的影响机理,本文针对带有破损的跨音速压气机叶片进行气动性能变化规律和机理研究。通过NASA rotor 37实验结果验证了计算方法的准确性,利用数值仿真研究了叶片破损对压气性能的影响规律,并对2种典型工况下叶片破损前后的流场结构进行对比分析,探讨引起性能变化的具体原因。研究表明:叶片破损会导致压气机的压比降低0.6631%、绝热效率降低0.7877%,且压气机的稳定裕度降低更为明显。叶尖破损主要对叶顶流场结构产生影响,使叶顶区域泄漏流增强,当其与激波相互作用时,通道内产生了流动堵塞和流动损失。本文研究成果可为实际服役中的航空发动机特性评定提供理论参考。

基于CCD的激光熔覆熔池平滑度在线监测系统研究

由于激光熔覆过程高温高亮,无法实时准确判断熔覆效果。使用CCD相机结合平滑度监测算法,对不同功率下的熔池形貌进行监测,验证算法性能,判断熔覆效果,同时尝试叶片修复。结果表明:激光功率过大或者扫描速度过慢,均会导致熔池边缘平滑度较差,进而认为熔覆参数不合适;为防止熔坏基材,可根据监测效果及时停机;发现激光功率与熔池边缘平滑度呈负相关。

压气机内部旋转不稳定的研究综述

旋转不稳定是压气机工作在高负荷近失速工况时的一种常见现象。研究旋转不稳定在降低压气机工作噪声、减小流致振动以及保障航空发动机稳定工作等方面具有重要意义。首先对旋转不稳定现象进行了回顾,详细讨论了旋转不稳定的特征。其次,重点调研了旋转不稳定的起源和机理,将旋转不稳定产生的原因归纳为叶尖泄漏流、涡脱落以及流动剪切等类别。此外,回顾了模拟旋转不稳定的数值方法,讨论了多种流动控制手段对旋转不稳定的作用效果。最后,对旋转不稳定的研究现状进行了总结,对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。