Network pharmacology and verification experiment-based prediction of active components and potential targets of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus-Saposhnikoviae Radix(Yizhiren-Fangfeng)for treatment of diabetic kidney disease

Background:In this study,we analyzed the potential active components,related crucial targets and possible signaling pathway mechanisms of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus and Saposhnikoviae Radix(AOF-SR)herb pairs in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)using network pharmacology and verification experiments.Methods:The active compounds and potential targets of AOF-SR were derived from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and PubChem databases,and the potential therapeutic targets of DKD were derived from the OMIM,Drugbank,and DisGeNET databases.The“compounds-diseases-targets”network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.6.0.ClusterMaker functionality in Cytoscape is being used to screen important targets for AOF-SR treatment of DKD.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of important targets were performed using DAVID database.In addition,according to the predicted results of network pharmacology,HK-2 cells were used to construct DKD model for verification experiment.HK-2 cells were divided into control group,high glucose(HG)group and AOF-SR(HG+AOF-SR)group to detect survival rate and expression of key proteins in NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.Results:A total of 38 compounds were selected from AOF-SR,of which 23 were Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus and 15 were Saposhnikoviae Radix.Through enrichment analysis of 82 important targets,88 signaling pathways were identified;some of these pathways,such as the NF-κB,PI3K-Akt,IL-17,and JAK/STAT signaling pathways,regulate the pathological process of DKD.In verification experiment,the HK-2 cells survival rate was higher in the HG+AOF-SR group than in the HG group(P<0.05).Moreover,western blotting results showed that the expression levels of NF-κB,p-PI3K,and p-Akt in HG+AOF-SR group were significantly lower than those in HG group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Overall,this study revealed the active compounds,important targets and possible mechanisms of AOF-SR treatment for DKD,and conducted preliminary verification experiments on its correctness,provided novel insights into the treatment of DKD by AOF-SR.

Exploring the mechanism of Saposhnikoviae Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma treating Parkinson's disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Backgroud:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder with an increasing global prevalence.However,the development of drugs for PD treatment has not kept pace with the continuously growing number of patients.Currently,the search for new effective substances from natural drugs is a major research direction.Two Chinese medicinal materials,Saposhnikoviae Radix(Fangfeng)and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(Chuanxiong),are commonly used in the treatment of PD in China.However,the mechanism of their combination is not clear,and further research is needed.Methods:Data were collected from publicly available databases:TCMSP,UnitProt,GeneCards OMIM,PharmGKB,Therapeutic Target Database and DrugBank.Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods was used to analyze the data to discover the possible pharmacological effects of the two drugs in the treatment of PD.Results:Beta-sitosterol,Mandenol and Wallichilide were the active components of Saposhnikoviae Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(FC),and they stably bonded with PD targets,including PTGS2,CASP3,AKT1 and JUN.The target genes of FC were significantly enriched in PD-associated pathways,including calcium signaling and apoptosis pathways.Moreover,the study revealed that the active components of FC may affect cellular structures,such as membrane rafts,membrane microdomains,membrane regions,and postsynaptic membranes,which,in turn,affect a variety of molecular functions and biological processes.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate the direction for clarifying the pharmacodynamic substances of FC,the extraction method of pharmacodynamic substances,as well as the mechanism and efficacy of pharmacodynamic substances.Importantly,this study provides a strategy for developing new therapeutic drugs for PD.

Effects and its possible mechanism of Radix Saposhnikoviae on rat colonic smooth muscle in vitro

Objective： To determine the effect of different concentrations of Radix Saposhnikoviae （RS） on the contraction of smooth muscle strips and the Ca2＋ mobilization of cultured smooth muscle ceils of rat colon and its possible mechanism of action. Methods： Strips of rat colon longitudinal muscle were prepared and smooth muscle cells from rat colon were isolated and cultured. In the experiments, in vitro muscle strips were suspended in an organ bath and the contraction of the strips was recorded. In the cell- experiments, intracellular Ca2＋ was assessed using fluorescent intensity （FI） of smooth muscle cells loaded with Fluo-4/AM, measured with a laser scanning confocal microscope and related software. Results： In the in vitro experiment, RS （0.02, 0.2, 2, 20 g/L） inhibited contraction of muscle strips in a concentration-dependent manner, and this inhibition was significant for the three higher RS concentrations （P 〈 0.01） for both Peak （the maximal contraction amplitude） and Area （the area under curves）. Similarly, RS inhibited Ach-induced contraction. In these experiments the inhibition of the Peak values in the RS 2 and 20 g/L groups was significant （P 〈 0.01）, as was the inhibition of the Area values in all RS groups （P 〈 0.05）. Naloxone and propranolol did not significantly affect the inhibitory effect of RS on smooth muscle contractility, while phentolamine significantly reduced the inhibitory effect （P 〈 0.01）. In experiments using primary smooth muscle cell cultures in Ca2＋ - containing buffer, the post-treatment fluorescence of cells in the RS 0.2, 2 and 20 g/L groups differed significantly from pre-treatment values （P 〈 0.05）, and the percent inhibition of fluorescence in the RS 2 g/L and 20 g/L groups was significant （P 〈 0.01）. However, in Ca2＋-free buffer, FS had no significant effect on cell fluorescence. Conclusion： RS inhibited both the spontaneous and Ach-stimulated contraction of rat colonic smooth muscle strips. This RS effect appeared to involve α -adrenoceptors, but not β -adrenoceptors or opioid receptors. In cultured primary smooth muscle cells, RS reduced the mobilization of Ca2＋ from extracellular sources, but may had no effect on the release of Ca2＋ from sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum.

防风多糖体内外免疫调节活性研究

目的采用体内外多指标免疫调节活性评价方法,研究防风多糖体内外免疫功能的调节作用。方法体外实验选用RAW 264.7小鼠巨噬细胞系,采用CCK-8法检测巨噬细胞的增殖能力,中性红染色法检测巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,Griess法测定巨噬细胞NO释放量,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定巨噬细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)释放量。体内实验选用环磷酰胺诱导的免疫低下BALB/c小鼠,通过碳粒廓清实验探讨防风多糖对小鼠网状内皮系统吞噬功能,以小鼠免疫器官指数评价防风多糖对小鼠免疫器官的影响,并采用ELISA法测定小鼠体内免疫球蛋白(IgM、IgG、IgA)和补体(C3、C4)含量。结果体外实验结果表明,防风多糖能够显著提高巨噬细胞的增殖和吞噬能力,并促进巨噬细胞释放NO、TNF-α和IL-6,但对IL-1β的释放量影响不显著。体内实验结果表明,防风多糖可使免疫低下小鼠模型的吞噬能力和免疫器官指数显著提高,并使免疫低下小鼠体内的免疫球蛋白(IgM、IgG、IgA)和补体(C3、C4)的含量升高。结论防风多糖在体内外水平均具有较好的免疫调节活性,参与调节机体的特异性免疫和非特异性免疫。

基于颜色数字化结合熵权法分析防风色度值与内在成分的相关性

目的:基于颜色数字化结合熵权法,分析防风色度值与其内在成分的相关性。方法:采用分光测色仪测定防风药材粉末的色度值L^(*)、a^(*)、b^(*)及总色差值ΔE^(*),测定药材中醇溶性浸出物和水溶性浸出物含量,采用UHPLC法同时测定升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、亥茅酚、3′-O-乙酰基亥茅酚6个成分的含量,利用熵权法对内在成分进行综合得分,并进行相关性分析。结果:L^(*)值与水溶性浸出物和醇溶性浸出物含量呈显著正相关,与升麻素苷、升麻素、亥茅酚苷、亥茅酚、3′-O-乙酰基亥茅酚含量呈显著负相关;b^(*)值仅与亥茅酚苷含量呈显著正相关;ΔE^(*)与水溶性浸出物和醇溶性浸出物含量呈显著负相关,与升麻素、亥茅酚苷、亥茅酚、3′-O-乙酰基亥茅酚含量呈显著正相关。各指标综合得分与L^(*)呈显著负相关,与ΔE^(*)呈显著正相关。结论:防风粉末颜色越深,其质量越好,该研究丰富了防风药材质量评价方法,为防风药材“辨色论质”提供了依据。

龙泽熊胆胶囊中水防风掺伪的检测方法研究

目的建立龙泽熊胆胶囊中水防风掺伪的检测方法。方法以水防风区别于防风的专属性成分Xanthalin建立薄层色谱鉴别法(TLC),对样品进行初筛。若供试品溶液色谱中出现水防风特征斑点,则采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)进行定性检查。色谱条件:SHIMADZU InertSustain~?C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以乙腈-水(58∶42)为流动相,等度洗脱;流速:1.0 mL·min^(-1);柱温:30℃;检测波长:324 nm;进样量:10μL。若供试品Xanthalin色谱峰面积大于对照品的峰面积,视为阳性检出,必要时可进一步采用超高效液相色谱串联三重四级杆质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)进一步确证。结果建立的TLC法、HPLC法简便、快速,专属性、重复性、耐用性均符合《中国药典》要求。对市售107批龙泽熊胆胶囊样品进行检测,19批次样品检出Xanthalin,提示该制剂存在水防风掺伪投料生产的风险。结论该方法可实现水防风掺伪防风的定性鉴别,有助于完善该品种的质量控制。

国医大师禤国维治疗儿童特应性皮炎用药规律的挖掘

【目的】采用数据挖掘技术挖掘国医大师禤国维教授治疗儿童特应性皮炎的组方用药规律。【方法】收集禤国维教授门诊治疗儿童特应性皮炎的有效病例的病案资料,采用频数统计、关联规则分析、聚类分析等方法对录入的病案数据进行统计分析。【结果】共收录处方242首,涉及中药101味。常用药物为23味,高频药物(频数>100次)共16味,分别为甘草、防风、北沙参、紫苏叶、麦冬、徐长卿、布渣叶、白鲜皮、玄参、薏苡仁、蝉蜕、百合、生地黄、地肤子、茯神、芡实。药物的性味归经分析显示,药物大多偏甘寒,主要归脾、胃、肝经。关联规则分析得到常用药物组合24个,关联规则20条。聚类分析得到2个核心药物组合。【结论】禤国维治疗儿童特应性皮炎以“清、补、和”三法为主,“扶正御邪,平调阴阳”的用药原则贯穿治疗始终。

中药防风与前胡的比较研究概况

防风和前胡为常用中药,因药材性状相似,鉴定较为困难,经常出现混用或错用的现象。两者均来源于伞形科植物的干燥根,化学成分相似,临床上均可用于治疗感冒,但两种药材之间存在明显的差异。防风始载于《神农本草经》,为祛风要药,主要化学成分为色原酮类化合物;前胡始载于《名医别录》,为化痰止咳平喘药,主要化学成分为香豆素类化合物。通过对防风与前胡的异同点进行梳理总结,以期为两者的快速、准确鉴定和选用提供新的研究思路和解决方法,同时保障临床用药的安全性。

李云英治疗鼻鼽用药规律的数据挖掘

【目的】采用数据挖掘方法探析李云英教授治疗鼻鼽的用药规律。【方法】收集李云英教授门诊辨治鼻鼽的有效病例的处方,采用R语言中的相关软件进行频次分析、关联规则分析、聚类分析。【结果】共纳入1682首中药处方,涉及单味中药173味。将使用频次居前30位者定义为高频中药,高频中药主要包括甘草、辛夷、防风、白芷、苍耳子、白术、白芍、地龙、细辛、蒺藜、茯苓、黄芩、党参、蜂房、路路通等。关联规则分析得到二阶有效关联规则10条,三阶有效关联规则42条,四阶有效关联规则64条。聚类分析得到5类药物组合。【结论】李云英教授治疗鼻鼽的核心药物配伍为苍耳子、辛夷、白芷、白术、防风、白芍;常用方剂有二陈汤、苍耳子散、辛夷散、玉屏风散、四君子汤、桂枝汤、痛泻要方;总以祛风散邪、宣利鼻窍、健脾益肺为法。其用药规律可为中医临床治疗鼻鼽提供借鉴。

范瑞强辨治荨麻疹经验

荨麻疹是一种临床常见的变态反应性皮肤疾病。范瑞强教授认为,荨麻疹主要病机为禀赋不耐,风邪是主要致病因素,岭南地区患者易夹湿夹热。荨麻疹的临床常见证型为风湿热证、脾虚湿蕴证、营卫不和证等。荨麻疹的分期施治重在辨虚实,急性荨麻疹以实证居多,慢性荨麻疹以虚证居多,或虚实夹杂。治疗实证者以清热除湿、祛风止痒为法,处方以搜风利湿方加减;虚实夹杂者需标本兼治,健脾化湿止痒,处方以多皮饮加减;虚证者宜调和营卫,祛风止痒,处方以玉屏风散合桂枝汤加减。范瑞强教授临证治疗荨麻疹的高频中药主要为防风、徐长卿、荆芥、生甘草、合欢皮、茵陈、白芍、连翘、蒺藜、鱼腥草、生地黄、白鲜皮、白术、茯苓、黄芪。范瑞强教授临证治疗荨麻疹用药灵活,以减少复发、提高患者生活质量为主要目的。

《普济方》治疗类风湿关节炎方剂用药规律分析及核心药对作用机制研究

目的 通过数据挖掘《普济方》中治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)相关方剂用药规律及组方特点,并利用网络药理学分析核心药对抗RA的作用机制。方法 检索《中华医典》电子图书系统搜集《普济方》中治疗RA的方剂,并利用Excel软件统计中药性味、归经、功效等,使用R语言对频数、中药关联规则及聚类规律进行分析。基于数据挖掘结果得到核心药对,利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、Pharmmapper、STRING等数据库,R语言、Cytoscape软件构建“药对-成分-靶点-疾病”和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,对核心药对抗RA靶点进行功能富集分析。结果 《普济方》中共搜集出601首治疗RA的方剂,321味中药。频次≥40高频中药(肉桂、防风、附子、当归、甘草、川芎、羌活等)以温性、辛味为主,多归脾、肾经,功效主要以补虚、解表、温里最为常见。高频中药关联规则得到17组药对组合(“独活-防风”置信度最高为核心药对),系统聚类得到4组类聚方。利用各数据库获取“独活-防风”活性成分24个、306个靶点以及RA相关靶点3 964个,产生交集靶点173个。网络分析结果表明当归内酯、亚麻油酸乙酯、当归醇、谷甾醇等可能是抗RA的主要活性成分,关键靶点包括ALB、HSP90AA1、MMP9、EGFR等,可能通过调控Ras信号通路、P13K-Akt信号通路、FoXO信号通路和MAPK信号通路等发挥抗RA作用。结论 《普济方》抗RA方剂中药多为温辛、归脾肾及补虚之类,网络药理学结果显示核心药对“独活-防风”可能通过调控多靶点、多通路发挥治疗作用。

龙泽熊胆胶囊质量标准提升研究

目的提升龙泽熊胆胶囊的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对防风药材中的升麻素和5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇进行定性鉴别,并进行耐用性考察。采用高效液相色谱法同时测定制剂中上述2种成分的含量,色谱柱为Wondasil C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(梯度洗脱),流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为20μL。结果TLC图斑点清晰、分离度好,且阴性对照无干扰。升麻素和5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇进样量分别在0.051~1.020μg、0.025~0.499μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(R^(2)=1.000);检测限均为0.1μg/mL,定量限均为0.3μg/mL;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于2.0%;平均加样回收率分别为96.20%和91.40%,RSD分别为1.09%和1.89%(n=6)。结论所建立的方法专属性强,重复性、耐用性好,结果稳定,可为龙泽熊胆胶囊的质量控制提供参考。

Exploration of the effective components and mechanism of Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease based on network pharmacology

Objective:Network pharmacology was used to predict the main targets and related mechanism pathways of the key compounds and active ingredients of the Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix based on the therapeutic strategy of tonifying kidney and dispelling pathogenic wind for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Methods:The effective components of Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix were screened through the data platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).After screening effective targets,the disease target gene database was used to obtain targets for DKD,and then gene enrichment analysis to predict relevant signalling pathways after obtaining the key target genes through Venn analysis.Results:There were 324 active components of Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix through the data platform of TCM.In addition,Venn analysis showed that there were 48 key target genes for the treatment of DKD.The biological pathways for the action of Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix in DKD were closely related to many signaling pathways including NF-kappaB,classical MAP kinase,JNK and P38 MAP kinase,and ERK5.Conclusions:Treatment of DKD with Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix based on the therapeutic strategy of tonifying kidney and dispelling pathogenic wind has the characteristics of multi-components,multi-targets and multi-pathways,which could provide new ideas and methods for further researches on the treatment of DKD with Alpinia oxyphylla-Saposhnikovia Radix.

防风野生品对大鼠类风湿性关节炎的改善作用及其机制

目的:探讨防风野生品对类风湿性关节炎的治疗作用和对核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路的影响,为类风湿性关节炎的治疗提供依据。方法:50只大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、地塞米松组、低剂量防风组和高剂量防风组,每组10只。除对照组外,其余各组大鼠采用尾根部和左后足跖处皮内注射Ⅱ型胶原制备类风湿性关节炎模型,模型制备成功后,地塞米松组大鼠给予地塞米松(2mg·kg^(-1)),低和高剂量防风组大鼠给予防风野生品(0.45和0.90 g·kg^(-1)),对照组和模型组大鼠给予等体积生理盐水。检测各组大鼠关节炎指数(AI)评分和足肿胀程度,计算各组大鼠脏器指数,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测各组大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平,HE染色观察各组大鼠滑膜组织病理形态表现,Western blotting法检测各组大鼠滑膜组织中NF-κB、NF-κB抑制因子α(IκB-α)、IκB-α激酶β(IKK-β)、环氧化酶2(COX-2)和TNF-α蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠AI评分明显升高(P<0.01),足肿胀程度明显加重(P<0.01),胸腺指数明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,地塞米松组和低及高剂量防风组大鼠AI评分明显降低(P<0.01),足肿胀程度明显减轻(P<0.05或P<0.01),胸腺指数明显降低(P<0.01)。ELISA法检测,与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,地塞米松组、低和高剂量防风组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平明显降低(P<0.01)。HE染色,对照组大鼠滑膜组织未见异常,模型组大鼠滑膜组织增生并伴有大量炎症细胞浸润;与模型组比较,地塞米松组和低及高剂量防风组大鼠滑膜组织增生和炎症细胞浸润程度减轻。Western blotting法检测,与对照组比较,模型组大鼠滑膜组织中NF-κB、IKK-β、COX-2和TNF-α蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),κB-α蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,地塞米松组、低和高剂量防风组大鼠滑膜组织中NF-κB、IKK-β、COX-2和TNF-α蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01),IκB-α蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:防风野生品能够通过降低机体促炎细胞因子水平和抑制滑膜组织中NF-κB信号通路的过度激活改善关节组织损伤,从而发挥对类风湿性关节炎的治疗作用。

Explore the direct and/or the synergistic antihypertensive effects of wind-dispelling herbs involving Fangfeng and Baizhi on hypertensive rats with liver-yang hyperactivity based on vasoactive substances

Objective： To explore the direct and/or the enhancing antihypertensive effects of wind-dispelling herbs involvingFangfeng （Saposhnikoviae Radix） and Baizhi （Angelicae dahuricae Radix） using liver-yang hyperactivity renalhypertension rat. Methods： Model rats with hyperactivity of liver-yang hyperactivity were prepared using male SD rats.Once successful, the rats were randomly divided into groups and given medicine by gavage for 4 weeks. Blood wascollected from the abdominal aorta to prepare serum. Serum nitric oxide （NO） concentration was determined bychemical colorimetry. The contents of ET, TXB2 and 6-K-PGF1a were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbentassay （ELISA）. Results： Compared with the control model group, the blood pressure, serum ET and TXB2 of rats in thewind dispelling medicine group was not significantly reduced, while those of rats in captopril group, Tianma GoutengDecoction I group （TGD group） decreased significantly （P 〈0.05 for both）. Interestingly, the blood pressure, serum ETand TXB2 of rats in the combination group （wind dispelling medicine ＆ TGD） decreased significantly compared withboth wind dispelling medicine group and TGD group. Meanwhile, the levels of serum NO and 6- K-PGF1a in thecombination group was much higher than those in the wind dispelling medicine group or TGD group （P 〈0.05 for both）.However, the levels of serum NO and 6- K-PGF1a in the wind dispelling medicine group was not significantly increasedcompared with the model group. Conclusion： There is no direct pressure lowering effects of wind dispelling medicinealone, while wind dispelling medicine could potentiates the antihypertensive effects of Tianma Gouteng Decoction I.Besides, the synergistic effects may be related to decreased ET and TXB2 levels and the increased NO and 6- K-PGF1alevels.

多指标综合评价结合层次分析法优化防风炭炮制工艺研究

目的:采用多指标综合评价结合层次分析法优选防风炒炭的最佳工艺。方法:采用HPLC法测定升麻素、升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷和亥茅酚苷的含量,并综合浸出物含量、外观性状进行加权评分,优选防风炭的最佳炮制工艺。结果:升麻素苷的线性回归方程为Y=17.708X+3.4751(r=0.9999);5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷的线性回归方程为Y=19.829X+2.2726(r=0.9999);亥茅酚苷的线性回归方程为Y=24.725X+0.4011(r=0.9999);升麻素的线性回归方程为Y=27.961X-3.9767(r=0.9999)。升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、升麻素的平均加样回收率分别为98.17%、98.00%、98.14%、98.21%,RSD分别为0.73%、1.10%、1.03%、1.04%。防风的最佳炒炭工艺为砂用量为防风饮片量的12倍,砂炒温度为230℃,炒制3.5 min,去砂,放凉。3批工艺验证所测得升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、升麻素平均含量分别为0.327%、0.124%、0.053%、0.065%。结论:优化所得的防风炭炮制工艺稳定可行,可为判断防风炭炮制终点及制定防风炭质量标准提供依据。

多指标综合评价结合层次分析法探讨防风不同炮制工艺

目的:考察防风传统加工中润药工艺及产地趁鲜加工干燥工艺,为提高防风饮片质量提供依据。方法:考察不同产地防风的传统加工及产地趁鲜加工工艺,采用HPLC法测定各防风饮片中升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷和亥茅酚苷的含量,通过多指标综合评价结合层次分析法综合加权评分比较防风的不同炮制工艺。结果:防风中升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷在一定浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.999 6;平均加样回收率为98.13%~99.16%,RSD为0.97%~1.33%。传统加工中不同润药方式和鲜药材趁鲜加工后经不同干燥方式所得防风饮片各项指标具有一定差异,防风鲜药材趁鲜加工后冷冻干燥或防风药材经10℃冷水闷润1 h后加工,再经60℃鼓风干燥的炮制工艺较好,其中升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷成分能最大程度被保留。结论:该工艺条件可为防风的传统生产及产地趁鲜加工提供参考。

防风色原酮类化合物及药理作用研究

色原酮是我国传统中药防风的主要活性成分,具有解热镇痛、抗炎、抗过敏、抗肿瘤等多种药理作用。目前国内外对其尚无系统性总结与综述,因此本文对防风中色原酮类化合物的结构、药理作用以及主要入血成分等相关研究进展进行了全面地阐述,为防风及其有效成分的进一步研究与开发提供参考。

升麻素衍生物的合成及抗炎构效关系研究

通过简便有效的提取分离流程,从防风中得到量丰的升麻素;在其结构基础上对各官能团进行结构修饰,合成了总计10个衍生物,结构经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱分析确证。采用Griess法测定相关化合物对RAW264.7细胞的体外抗炎活性。总结出升麻素的抗炎构效关系:苯并-γ-吡喃酮母核、2位羟甲基、5位酚醚以及4’位羟基等结构均是其抗炎活性必须基团;其中2位羟基烃化成醚,4’位羟基酰化成酯后活性提高。

防风药材、饮片和标准汤剂UPLC指纹图谱相关性研究

目的:建立防风药材、饮片和标准汤剂的UPLC指纹图谱,并对其质量相关性进行评价。方法:采用Waters BEH C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以乙腈-水为流动相,流速为0.35 mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为210 nm,建立UPLC指纹图谱,且以该指纹图谱为对照,对药材-饮片-标准汤剂进行相关性评价。结果:21批药材、饮片和标准汤剂的指纹图谱均显示5个共有峰,其中4个为已知成分,分别为升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷和亥茅酚苷,呈良好的相关性。结论:防风药材、饮片和标准汤剂的主要化学组成基本相同,防风标准汤剂的制备工艺合理,建立的指纹图谱可用于防风标准汤剂制备全过程的质量控制。