In December 2021, the Datong Archaeological Research Institute conducted an excavation of the Lv Xu’s tomb in Zhijiabao Village, Pingcheng District, Datong. The Lv Xu’s tomb is a newly excavated tomb of the Pingchen...In December 2021, the Datong Archaeological Research Institute conducted an excavation of the Lv Xu’s tomb in Zhijiabao Village, Pingcheng District, Datong. The Lv Xu’s tomb is a newly excavated tomb of the Pingcheng period of Northern Wei Dynasty, which contains a rare painted shallow relief stone coffin. On the northern side of the coffin, there is a picture of ascending owner flanked by an ox-headed bird with wings and a mouse-headed bird with wings on each side. There are also images of azure dragon, white tiger and vermilion bird in the lower part of the east, west and north walls respectively. The identity information and the roles these images played in the tomb are not to be clarified yet. This paper aims to use iconographic methods to interpret the painted shallow relief carvings of winged divine beasts on the stone coffin, to identify their characteristics, schematic sources, and cultural attributes, and to provide some foundational work for further research on the stone coffin of the Lv Xu’s tomb.展开更多
This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral charac...This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral charac-ter state reconstructions were compared among three methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and stochastic character mapping) using MESQUITE and a full Bayesian method in BAYESTRAITS and inferences of ancestral area distribution were compared between the parsimony-based dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA) and a newly developed maximum likelihood (ML) method. Results indicated that among the six inflorescence and fruit char-acters examined, "perfect" binary characters (no homoplasy, no polymorphism within terminals, and no missing data) are little affected by choice of method, while homoplasious characters and missing data are sensitive to methods used. Ancestral areas at deep nodes of the phylogeny are substantially different between DIVA and ML and strikingly different between analyses including and excluding fossils at three deepest nodes. These results, while raising caution in making conclusions on trait evolution and historical biogeography using conventional methods, demonstrate a limitation in our current understanding of character evolution and biogeography. The biogeographic history favored by the ML analyses including fossils suggested the origin and early radiation of Cornus likely occurred in the late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary in Europe and intercontinental disjunctions in three lineages involved movements across the North Atlantic Land Bridge (BLB) in the early and mid Tertiary. This result is congruent with the role of NALB for post-Eocene migration and in connecting tropical floras in North America and Africa, and in eastern Asia and South America. However, alternative hypotheses with an origin in eastern Asia and early Trans-Beringia migrations of the genus cannot be ruled out.展开更多
Beauty and the beast,first published in France in1740,is the most symbolic and classical fairytale after Cinderella.Although time is flying,some basic motif the story embodies still keep alive and continues touching r...Beauty and the beast,first published in France in1740,is the most symbolic and classical fairytale after Cinderella.Although time is flying,some basic motif the story embodies still keep alive and continues touching readers of generations.It must bear something valuable in this work.Here this essay will try to interpret it from the perspective of Christian,hoping to help us have a fresh understanding of the classic literature works.展开更多
Looking at the last decades of the 19th and 20th century from our vantage point encourages parallels to be drawn between the two periods： in fact, both are affected by a process of cultural fragmentation, social, and...Looking at the last decades of the 19th and 20th century from our vantage point encourages parallels to be drawn between the two periods： in fact, both are affected by a process of cultural fragmentation, social, and epistemological transformations and crises that permeate the whole civil society. In the specific field of English literature, the genre of the fantastic is undoubtedly a common presence. In Fantasy： The Literature of Subversion, Jackson （1981） noted the re-emergence of the fantastic as a transgressive force at moments of cultural stress and repression. Waugh （1995） held a similar view in The Harvest of the Sixties. At the end of the 20th century, in its postmodernist shape, fantastic literature becomes one of the favourite genres of a number of feminist writers, and among them, Jeanette Winterson transforms it into a truly transgressive genre. This paper examines Winterson＇s The Passion （1996） and Sexing the Cherry （1990） in the light of Jackson＇s theory of the fantastic, as a narrative that establishes an oppositional dialogic relationship with the ＂real＂, to interrogate it and collapse the traditional distinction between the normative and the ＂other＂. In The Passion, the real is signified by the dominant ideological discourse, exemplified by Napoleon; the fantastic by Villanelle＇s webbed feet and her ability to walk on water. In Sexing the Cherry, the real is represented by the Puritans with their bigoted and hypocritical morality; the fantastic by the huge Dog-Woman and her foundling son, Jordan. Besides, in both novels, the female body is metamorphosed to challenge the view of a ＂normal＂, acceptable femininity; what emerges is a monstrous and sublime body that collapses distinctions between gender boundaries. In Sexing the Cherry （1990）, Winterson created the grotesque, gigantic body of the Dog-Woman, a figure of Kristevan ＂abjection＂. In The Passion （1996）, she gave life to the hybrid body of Villanelle, an oxymoronic combination of the terrible beautiful. The conclusion of the paper argues that Winterson deploys the fantastic to deconstruct the gendered subject of the dominant signifying order and create a dislocated world outside commercial culture, where new voices can be heard, speaking for unheard, neglected groups, particularly women.展开更多
Situated in central China and with convenient communichtions since ancient times, Henan Province today covers an area of 167,000 sq km and with a population of 88.61 million. It is one of the birth places of the 6000-...Situated in central China and with convenient communichtions since ancient times, Henan Province today covers an area of 167,000 sq km and with a population of 88.61 million. It is one of the birth places of the 6000-year-old Chinese culture including Yangshao Culture, Helo Culture and where Emperor Yan and the Yellow Emperor were born. More than 20 Chinese dynasties made Loyang, Kaifeng and Anyang in Henan their capitals beginning with Xia, the first slave society, to Song (960-1127),展开更多
Dear readers: The year of 2018 is the fourth decade of China’s Reform and Opening Up. After the great endeavour of past forty years, China has developed into the world’s second largest consumer market in terms of da...Dear readers: The year of 2018 is the fourth decade of China’s Reform and Opening Up. After the great endeavour of past forty years, China has developed into the world’s second largest consumer market in terms of daily chemical industry, which has also made tremendous achievements till now.展开更多
The shrinkage of the Aral Sea,which is closely related to the Amu Darya River,strongly affects the sustainability of the local natural ecosystem,agricultural production,and human well-being.In this study,we used the B...The shrinkage of the Aral Sea,which is closely related to the Amu Darya River,strongly affects the sustainability of the local natural ecosystem,agricultural production,and human well-being.In this study,we used the Bayesian Estimator of Abrupt change,Seasonal change,and Trend(BEAST)model to detect the historical change points in the variation of the Aral Sea and the Amu Darya River and analyse the causes of the Aral Sea shrinkage during the 1950–2016 period.Further,we applied multifractal detrend cross-correlation analysis(MF-DCCA)and quantitative analysis to investigate the responses of the Aral Sea to the runoff in the Amu Darya River,which is the main source of recharge to the Aral Sea.Our results showed that two significant trend change points in the water volume change of the Aral Sea occurred,in 1961 and 1974.Before 1961,the water volume in the Aral Sea was stable,after which it began to shrink,with a shrinkage rate fluctuating around 15.21 km3/a.After 1974,the water volume of the Aral Sea decreased substantially at a rate of up to 48.97 km3/a,which was the highest value recorded in this study.In addition,although the response of the Aral Sea's water volume to its recharge runoff demonstrated a complex non-linear relationship,the replenishment of the Aral Sea by the runoff in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River was identified as the dominant factor affecting the Aral Sea shrinkage.Based on the scenario analyses,we concluded that it is possible to slow down the retreat of the Aral Sea and restore its ecosystem by increasing the efficiency of agricultural water use,decreasing agricultural water use in the middle and lower reaches,reducing ineffective evaporation from reservoirs and wetlands,and increasing the water coming from the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River to the 1961–1973 level.These measures would maintain and stabilise the water area and water volume of the Aral Sea in a state of ecological restoration.Therefore,this study focuses on how human consumption of recharge runoff affects the Aral Sea and provides scientific perspective on its ecological conservation and sustainable development.展开更多
The classic fairytale Beauty and the Beast has been interpreted by different writers and into various forms of media for centuries.The following discussion draws on three versions of the tale.One of them is the first ...The classic fairytale Beauty and the Beast has been interpreted by different writers and into various forms of media for centuries.The following discussion draws on three versions of the tale.One of them is the first known version of Beauty and the Beast—"Cupid and Psyche"in Apuleius’s The Golden Ass from the second century.In this story,Psyche is the beautiful daughter whereas her bridegroom Cupid is the"beast"in rumours.Another version in discussion is the best known version to Angelo-American audiences,published in Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont’s book for young women,Le Magasin des enfants in 1756.And the last is Angela Carter’s modern version in 1993.This discussion focuses on the ways in which those writers use"the beast"fantasy to comment on female psychology,status and agency in their own societies.展开更多
文摘In December 2021, the Datong Archaeological Research Institute conducted an excavation of the Lv Xu’s tomb in Zhijiabao Village, Pingcheng District, Datong. The Lv Xu’s tomb is a newly excavated tomb of the Pingcheng period of Northern Wei Dynasty, which contains a rare painted shallow relief stone coffin. On the northern side of the coffin, there is a picture of ascending owner flanked by an ox-headed bird with wings and a mouse-headed bird with wings on each side. There are also images of azure dragon, white tiger and vermilion bird in the lower part of the east, west and north walls respectively. The identity information and the roles these images played in the tomb are not to be clarified yet. This paper aims to use iconographic methods to interpret the painted shallow relief carvings of winged divine beasts on the stone coffin, to identify their characteristics, schematic sources, and cultural attributes, and to provide some foundational work for further research on the stone coffin of the Lv Xu’s tomb.
文摘This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral charac-ter state reconstructions were compared among three methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and stochastic character mapping) using MESQUITE and a full Bayesian method in BAYESTRAITS and inferences of ancestral area distribution were compared between the parsimony-based dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA) and a newly developed maximum likelihood (ML) method. Results indicated that among the six inflorescence and fruit char-acters examined, "perfect" binary characters (no homoplasy, no polymorphism within terminals, and no missing data) are little affected by choice of method, while homoplasious characters and missing data are sensitive to methods used. Ancestral areas at deep nodes of the phylogeny are substantially different between DIVA and ML and strikingly different between analyses including and excluding fossils at three deepest nodes. These results, while raising caution in making conclusions on trait evolution and historical biogeography using conventional methods, demonstrate a limitation in our current understanding of character evolution and biogeography. The biogeographic history favored by the ML analyses including fossils suggested the origin and early radiation of Cornus likely occurred in the late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary in Europe and intercontinental disjunctions in three lineages involved movements across the North Atlantic Land Bridge (BLB) in the early and mid Tertiary. This result is congruent with the role of NALB for post-Eocene migration and in connecting tropical floras in North America and Africa, and in eastern Asia and South America. However, alternative hypotheses with an origin in eastern Asia and early Trans-Beringia migrations of the genus cannot be ruled out.
文摘Beauty and the beast,first published in France in1740,is the most symbolic and classical fairytale after Cinderella.Although time is flying,some basic motif the story embodies still keep alive and continues touching readers of generations.It must bear something valuable in this work.Here this essay will try to interpret it from the perspective of Christian,hoping to help us have a fresh understanding of the classic literature works.
文摘Looking at the last decades of the 19th and 20th century from our vantage point encourages parallels to be drawn between the two periods： in fact, both are affected by a process of cultural fragmentation, social, and epistemological transformations and crises that permeate the whole civil society. In the specific field of English literature, the genre of the fantastic is undoubtedly a common presence. In Fantasy： The Literature of Subversion, Jackson （1981） noted the re-emergence of the fantastic as a transgressive force at moments of cultural stress and repression. Waugh （1995） held a similar view in The Harvest of the Sixties. At the end of the 20th century, in its postmodernist shape, fantastic literature becomes one of the favourite genres of a number of feminist writers, and among them, Jeanette Winterson transforms it into a truly transgressive genre. This paper examines Winterson＇s The Passion （1996） and Sexing the Cherry （1990） in the light of Jackson＇s theory of the fantastic, as a narrative that establishes an oppositional dialogic relationship with the ＂real＂, to interrogate it and collapse the traditional distinction between the normative and the ＂other＂. In The Passion, the real is signified by the dominant ideological discourse, exemplified by Napoleon; the fantastic by Villanelle＇s webbed feet and her ability to walk on water. In Sexing the Cherry, the real is represented by the Puritans with their bigoted and hypocritical morality; the fantastic by the huge Dog-Woman and her foundling son, Jordan. Besides, in both novels, the female body is metamorphosed to challenge the view of a ＂normal＂, acceptable femininity; what emerges is a monstrous and sublime body that collapses distinctions between gender boundaries. In Sexing the Cherry （1990）, Winterson created the grotesque, gigantic body of the Dog-Woman, a figure of Kristevan ＂abjection＂. In The Passion （1996）, she gave life to the hybrid body of Villanelle, an oxymoronic combination of the terrible beautiful. The conclusion of the paper argues that Winterson deploys the fantastic to deconstruct the gendered subject of the dominant signifying order and create a dislocated world outside commercial culture, where new voices can be heard, speaking for unheard, neglected groups, particularly women.
文摘Situated in central China and with convenient communichtions since ancient times, Henan Province today covers an area of 167,000 sq km and with a population of 88.61 million. It is one of the birth places of the 6000-year-old Chinese culture including Yangshao Culture, Helo Culture and where Emperor Yan and the Yellow Emperor were born. More than 20 Chinese dynasties made Loyang, Kaifeng and Anyang in Henan their capitals beginning with Xia, the first slave society, to Song (960-1127),
文摘Dear readers: The year of 2018 is the fourth decade of China’s Reform and Opening Up. After the great endeavour of past forty years, China has developed into the world’s second largest consumer market in terms of daily chemical industry, which has also made tremendous achievements till now.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42230708)the Joint CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) & MPG (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft) Research Project (HZXM20225001MI)the Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (2022TSYCLJ0056)。
文摘The shrinkage of the Aral Sea,which is closely related to the Amu Darya River,strongly affects the sustainability of the local natural ecosystem,agricultural production,and human well-being.In this study,we used the Bayesian Estimator of Abrupt change,Seasonal change,and Trend(BEAST)model to detect the historical change points in the variation of the Aral Sea and the Amu Darya River and analyse the causes of the Aral Sea shrinkage during the 1950–2016 period.Further,we applied multifractal detrend cross-correlation analysis(MF-DCCA)and quantitative analysis to investigate the responses of the Aral Sea to the runoff in the Amu Darya River,which is the main source of recharge to the Aral Sea.Our results showed that two significant trend change points in the water volume change of the Aral Sea occurred,in 1961 and 1974.Before 1961,the water volume in the Aral Sea was stable,after which it began to shrink,with a shrinkage rate fluctuating around 15.21 km3/a.After 1974,the water volume of the Aral Sea decreased substantially at a rate of up to 48.97 km3/a,which was the highest value recorded in this study.In addition,although the response of the Aral Sea's water volume to its recharge runoff demonstrated a complex non-linear relationship,the replenishment of the Aral Sea by the runoff in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River was identified as the dominant factor affecting the Aral Sea shrinkage.Based on the scenario analyses,we concluded that it is possible to slow down the retreat of the Aral Sea and restore its ecosystem by increasing the efficiency of agricultural water use,decreasing agricultural water use in the middle and lower reaches,reducing ineffective evaporation from reservoirs and wetlands,and increasing the water coming from the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River to the 1961–1973 level.These measures would maintain and stabilise the water area and water volume of the Aral Sea in a state of ecological restoration.Therefore,this study focuses on how human consumption of recharge runoff affects the Aral Sea and provides scientific perspective on its ecological conservation and sustainable development.
文摘The classic fairytale Beauty and the Beast has been interpreted by different writers and into various forms of media for centuries.The following discussion draws on three versions of the tale.One of them is the first known version of Beauty and the Beast—"Cupid and Psyche"in Apuleius’s The Golden Ass from the second century.In this story,Psyche is the beautiful daughter whereas her bridegroom Cupid is the"beast"in rumours.Another version in discussion is the best known version to Angelo-American audiences,published in Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont’s book for young women,Le Magasin des enfants in 1756.And the last is Angela Carter’s modern version in 1993.This discussion focuses on the ways in which those writers use"the beast"fantasy to comment on female psychology,status and agency in their own societies.
