Empirical Analysis on Rural Financial Development and Farmers' Income Increase in China

The growth of farmer＇s incomes is cIoseIy reIated to rural finance. The research analyzed the dynamic reIationship of rural financial deveIopment, efficiency and farmer＇s incomes based on VAR modeI, and the resuIts indicated that the ex-pansion of rural finance wouId stimuIate farmer＇s incomes in a Iong term, and the growth of rural financial efficiency significantIy improves farmer＇s incomes in a short term, instead of a Iong term. Hence, it is necessary to introduce more credit funds and social funds to rural areas, deepen rural financial system reform and acceIerate use rate of Ioan capital and enhance guidance for farmers and township enterprises in use of Ioan capitals.

Creation of "Regional Characteristic" in Planning and Design of Farmers' Residential Area at the South of Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

After analysis of location feature of the south of lower reaches of Yangtze River and its construction of urban and rural integration,the paper pointed out harmonious combination between natural and artificial factors had been neglected in planning and design of farmers' residential area at the south of lower reaches of Yangtze River,"regional characteristic" losing,residential area in the form of "city community" and buildings in European style.In view of these problems,relevant planning and design thoughts and methods had been proposed as to how to create "regional characteristic" from the perspective of planning,architecture and landscape design.It discussed with emphasis the importance of construction base type and combination of environment with residential area construction;inspirations and design methods obtained from traditional architectures;and the content of landscape overall planning and specific design.It was hoped to enlighten designers to shoulder social and historical responsibility,make exploration unremittingly,and construct beautiful homelands for people.

Effect of High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation on EVLW and Lung Capillary Permeability of Piglets with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Insults

The effect of high frequency oscillatory ventilation（HFOV） at early stage on hemodynamic parameters, extravascular lung water（EVLW）, lung capillary permeability, CC16 and s ICAM-1 in piglets with pulmonary or extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome（ARDS） was explored. Central vein pressure（CVP） and pulse indicator continuous cardiac output（Pi CCO） were monitored in 12 anesthetized and intubated healthy piglets. Pulmonary ARDS（ARDSp） and extrapulmonary ARDS（ARDSexp） models were respectively established by lung lavage of saline solution and intravenous injection of oleic acid. Then the piglets received HFOV for 4 h. EVLW index（EVLWI）, EVLW/intratroracic blood volume（ITBV） and pulmonary vascular permeability index（PVPI） were measured before and after modeling（T0 and T1）, and T2（1 h）, T3（2 h）, T4（3 h） and T5（4 h） after HFOV. CC16 and s ICAM-1 were also detected at T1 and T5. Results showed at T1, T3, T4 and T5, EVLWI was increased more significantly in ARDSp group than in ARDSexp group（P〈0.05）. The EVLWI in ARDSp group was increased at T1（P=0.008）, and sustained continuously within 2 h（P=0.679, P=0.216）, but decreased at T4（P=0.007） and T5（P=0.037）. The EVLWI in ARDSexp group was also increased at T1（P=0.003）, but significantly decreased at T3（P=0.002） and T4（P=0.019）. PVPI was increased after modeling in both two groups（P=0.004, P=0.012）, but there was no significant change within 4 h（T5） under HFOV in ARDSp group, while PVPI showed the increasing trends at first, then decreased in ARDSexp group after HFOV. The changes of EVLW/ITBV were similar to those of PVPI. No significant differences were found in ΔEVLWI（P=0.13）, ΔPVPI（P=0.28） and ΔEVLW/ITBV between the two groups（P=0.63）. The significant decreases in both CC16 and s ICAM-1 were found in both two groups 4 h after HFOV, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. It was concluded that EVLWI and lung capillary permeability were markedly increased in ARDSp and ARDSexp groups. EVLW could be decreased 4 h after the HFOV treatment. HFOV, EVLW/ITBV and PVPI were increased slightly at first, and then decreased in ARDSexp group, while in ARDSp group no significant difference was found after modeling. No significant differences were found in the decreases in EVLW and lung capillary permeability 4 h after HFOV.

Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer

Paraneoplastic syndromes are signs or symptoms that occur as a result of organ or tissue damage at locations remote from the site of the primary tumor or metastases. Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer can impair various organ functions and include neurologic, endocrine, dermatologic, rheumatologic, hematologic, and ophthalmological syndromes, as well as glomerulopathy and coagulopathy(Trousseau's syndrome). The histological type of lung cancer is generally dependent on the associated syndrome, the two most common of which are humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in squamous cell carcinoma and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in small cell lung cancer. The symptoms often precede the diagnosis of the associated lung cancer, especially when the symptoms are neurologic or dermatologic. The proposed mechanisms of paraneoplastic processes include the aberrant release of humoral mediators, such as hormones and hormone-like peptides, cyto-kines, and antibodies. Treating the underlying cancer is generally the most effective therapy for paraneoplastic syndromes, and treatment soon after symptom onset appears to offer the best potential for symptom improvement. In this article, we review the diagnosis, potential mechanisms, and treatments of a wide variety of paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer.

The Impact of China's Fiscal Expenditure in Agriculture on Farmer's Income

Based on the account of the vital role which the national finance played in supporting agriculture,the thesis presents the current situation of financial support for agriculture in China,in terms of the limited scale and irrational structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture.On the basis of the brief introduction of the current level of Chinese farmers' income,the thesis discusses the effects of scale and irrational structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture on the farmers' income,according to the related data of financial support expenditure in agriculture and rural per capita net income.The results indicate that the calculating regression equation has a remarkable explanation power,reflecting the positive role of financial support expenditure in agriculture played by national finance in increasing the farmers' income.As regards the structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture at present,according to the proportion from high to low,the expenditure primarily consists of three parts from high to low in sequence as follows:productive expenditure and funds for public undertakings,capital construction expenditure,and rural relief expenditure plus science and technology funds.Such sequence deviates from the marginal production effects of financial support expenditure in agriculture and the correlation of farmers' income,which demonstrates the severe irrationality of the structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture.Corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows:on one hand,we should continue intensifying the efforts to support agriculture financially in order to form a regular increase mechanism;on the other hand,we should adjust and optimize the structure of financial support expenditure in agriculture,and further crystallize the investment flows.

Noninfectious interstitial lung disease during infliximab therapy:Case report and literature review

Pulmonary abnormalities are not frequently encountered in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.However,lung toxicity can be induced by conventional medications used to maintain remission,and similar evidence is also emerging for biologics.We present the case of a young woman affected by colonic Crohn’s disease who was treated with oral mesalamine and became steroid-dependent and refractory to azathioprine and adalimumab.She was referred to our clinic with a severe relapse and was treated with infliximab,an antitumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)antibody,to induce remission.After an initial benefit,with decreases in bowel movements,rectal bleeding and C-reactive protein levels,she experienced shortness of breath after the 5thinfusion.Noninfectious interstitial lung disease was diagnosed.Both mesalamine and infliximab were discontinued,and steroids were introduced with slow but progressive improvement of symptoms,radiology and functional tests.This represents a rare case of interstitial lung disease associated with infliximab therapy and the effect of drug withdrawal on these lung alterations.Given the increasing use of anti-TNF-α therapies and the increasing reports of pulmonary abnormalities in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases,this case underlines the importance of a careful evaluation of respiratory symptoms in patients undergoing infliximab therapy.

Efficacy of afatinib in a patient with rare EGFR(G724S/R776H)mutations and amplification in lung adenocarcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND The most common EGFR mutations are in-frame deletions in exon 19 and point mutations in exon 21.Cases with classical EGFR mutations show a good response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs),the standard first-line treatment.With the development of next generation sequencing,some uncommon genomic mutations have been detected.However,the effect of TKIs on such uncommon EGFR mutations remains unclear.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of rare EGFR co-mutation in non-small cell lung cancer and the efficacy of afatinib on this EGFR co-mutation.A 64-year-old woman was diagnosed with thoracolumbar and bilateral local rib bone metastases,bilateral pulmonary nodules,and pericardial and left pleural effusion.The pathological diagnosis was lung adenocarcinoma.To seek potential therapeutic regimens,rare co-mutation comprising rare EGFR G724S/R776H mutations and amplification were identified.The patient experienced a significant clinical response with a progression-free survival of 17 mo.CONCLUSION A case of non-small cell lung cancer with rare EGFR G724S/R776H mutations and EGFR amplification responds well to TKI treatment.

The Current Situation and Development of Grain Storage Technologies and Facilities for Chinese Farmers

In China, the quantity of farmer＇s grain storage covers about 40% of the total grain yield every year. While, the losses of farms＇ grain storage are up to 8%, which is due to the lack of grain storage facility and technology. The losses of farmer＇s grain storage could reach nearly 20 million tons every year. In this paper, the current situation and development of grain storage technology and facility for Chinese farmers were presented. And a series of policy and research work for reducing the losses of farms＇ grain storage was introduced. The large scale farmers are now developing quickly in China, the new storage warehouse and mechanized facility should be developed adaptively. So, the new storage technology and policy to meet the need of large scale farmers were also introduced in this paper.

Prognostic Significance of Comparison of Clinical Indicators with Manifestations of Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione-S-Transferases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

The article presented the results of comparison of polymorphic variants of the genes GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and clinical manifestations of non-small cell lung carcinoma. The association of the genotype GSTT1 (del) with the risk of developing squamous cell lung cancer has been revealed (OR = 2.54 CI: 1.13 - 5.72, p = 0.035). Analysis of patient survival rate (n = 173) in groups of various histological types of lung cancer showed that in the group of squamous cell lung cancer (n = 91) in patients with genotype GSTT1 (del), the survival rate median was significantly higher—84 months (95% CI 12.4 - 155.7) than in patients with the genotype GSTT1 (+)—36 months (95% CI 25.2 - 46.8, p = 0.045). In contrast, in the adenocarcinoma group (n = 82), the survival rate median in patients with the genotype GSTT1 (del) was 19 months. (95% CI 6.2 - 33.5), and in patients with genotype GSTT1 (+)—67 months (95% CI 50.1 - 84.0), which is the basis for continuing this comparison in an additional group of testees, as the sampling did not achieve the reliability of p = 0.12. Hypothetically, these differences may be due to differences in the gender composition of squamous cell lung cancer and adenocarcinoma and the involvement of GST enzymes in the metabolism of estrogens in adenocarcinoma in women and other hormonal background and reactivity of the male body with squamous cell carcinoma. Further research and subsequent analysis of the results will be aimed at confirming this hypothesis.

Vaccines in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Immunotherapy as an option of treatment in cancer has experienced an important development with the inclusion of vaccines. In lung cancer this type of treatment has emerged and vaccines can be classified in three groups: antigen-specific vaccines, tumor cell vaccines, and dendritic cell vaccines. Emepepimut (L-BLP25) and MAGE-A3 have been the vaccines most widely studied. Their promising results with benefit in survival and limited toxicity in preclinical and clinical trials have led to phase III trials with results eagerly awaited. Other vaccines have been investigated, but results were not favorable or are still pending. Hopefully, vaccines could be an additional instrument for the treatment of lung cancer in the adjuvant or metastatic setting as time will unveil the results of current and future trials.

The Function,Future and Support Elements of Farmer Cooperative Economy Organization

The nature of farmer cooperative economy organization( known as FCEO) determines the fact that the economic effects of farmer cooperative economy organization are as important as its social effects. Many experts,however,now would only focus on its economic function, and either neglect or weaken its social influence. Therefore,this paper introduces the theoretical foundation of the farmer cooperative economy organization,and studies the nature of cooperative economics. Based on those typical cases,the future of cooperative organization and four supporting elements were put forward in this paper.

Study on Influence of Farmers' Relational Network on Their Undertaking Process

We elaborate relevant theories of farmers' relational network,including the Differential Model of Association,the Strength of Weak Tie,Strength of Strong Tie and Favor and Face.The farmers' relational network in the Differential Model of Association can be divided into three layers:strong tie,weak tie and irrelative relationship according to Granovetter theory.These three layers have deep influence on opportunity selection during the undertaking,financing and enterprise development.With rational knowledge of these layers,farmers may exploit undertaking resources.On the basis of these,we made detailed analysis on farmers' selection of relations in the opportunity selection,financing and enterprise development stages.

Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells: Future regenerative medicine for clinical applications in mitigation of radiation injury

Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)are gaining significant attention in regenerative medicine for their potential to treat degenerative diseases and mitigate radiation injuries.WJ-MSCs are more naïve and have a better safety profile,making them suitable for both autologous and allogeneic transplantations.This review highlights the regenerative potential of WJ-MSCs and their clinical applications in mitigating various types of radiation injuries.In this review,we will also describe why WJ-MSCs will become one of the most probable stem cells for future regenerative medicine along with a balanced view on their strengths and weaknesses.Finally,the most updated literature related to both preclinical and clinical usage of WJ-MSCs for their potential application in the regeneration of tissues and organs will also be compiled.

A Study of Farmers' Rationality Based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

In this paper,on the basis of analyzing farmers' dominant position in society and explanation of farmers' rationality,we make use of Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs to divide farmers' needs into three levels in accordance with the different stages: survival needs,interpersonal harmony and social responsibility,which are the needs hierarchies for farmers to satisfy themselves. We combine Maslow's hierarchy theory of needs and farmers' rationality and confirm that farmers do have rationality and it is in a dynamic condition.

The therapeutic mechanism of dexamethasone in lung injury induced by hydrogen sulfide

The lung is one of the primary target organs of hydrogen sulfide(H2S),as exposure to H2S can cause acute lung injury(ALI)and pulmonary edema.Dexamethasone(Dex)exerts a protective effect on ALI caused by exposure to toxic gases and is commonly used in the clinic;however,the underlying mechanisms remain elusive,and the dose is unclear.Methods:In vivo experiments:divided C57BL6 mice into 6 groups at random,12 in each group.The mice were exposed to H2S for 3 h and 5 or 50 mg/kg Dex pretreated before exposure,sacrificed 12 h later.The morphological changes of HE staining and the ultrastructural changes of lungs under transmission electron microscopy were evaluated.The wet/dry ratio of lung tissue was measured.Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)protein content and lung permeability index were detected.The expression of AQP5 protein was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot(WB).In vitro experiments:divided human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 into 4 groups.1μmol/L dexamethasone was added to pre-incubation.The WB analyzed the protein of p-ERK1/2,p-JNK,and p-p38 in MAPK pathway after 1 h of NaHS exposure;six hours after NaHS exposure,the AQP5 protein was measured by WB.Results:Dex treatment could significantly attenuate the H2S-induced destruction to the alveolar wall,increase the wet-to-dry weight ratio and decrease pulmonary permeability index,with high-dose dexamethasone seemingly functioning better.Additionally,our previous studies showed that aquaporin 5(AQP 5),a critical protein that regulates water flux,decreased both in a mouse and cell model following the exposure to H2S.This study indicates that tThe decrease in AQP 5 can be alleviated by Dex treatment.Additionally,the mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway may be involved in the protective effects of Dex in ALI caused by exposure to H2S since H2Sinduced MAPK activation could be inhibited by Dex.Conclusion:The present results indicate that AQP 5 may be considered a therapeutic target for Dex in H2S or other hazardous gases-induced ALI.

Primary extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma of the lung in a 36-year-old female patient:clinical,imaging,and pathologic findings

Primary extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma is a very rare clinical entity. In the report, we present the case of a 36year-old female patient who underwent resection of lung mass and was diagnosed as having Ewing's sarcoma by pathological examination. The clinical, imaging, and pathologic features of the case are described and discussed.

Outcomes of Quality of Life Regarding the Next-Generation Thoracoscopic Intrapleural Hyperthermic Chemotherapy of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Dissemination

Background: We have developed a new next-generation intrapleural hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) for non-small cell lung cancer with dissemination, which is a hybrid chemotherapy combined with oral S-1 medication plus conventional cisplatin-based IPHC. We now report the preliminary feasibility and outcome of quality of life (QOL) regarding this hybrid IPHC. Methods: The patient was a 76-year-old male with a 2-cm nodule in the left upper lobe. After partial resection by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), which was diagnosed with advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma with intrapleural dissemination. We initially performed two regimens of systemic chemotherapy, S-1 (day 1 - 21, 100 mg 2X/day) + CDDP (day 8, 60 mg/m2) and S-1 (day 1 - 14,100 mg 2X/day) + CBDCA (day 1, AUC 5). The regimen of next-generation IPHC is oral S-1 medication (day 1 - 21, 100 mg/day) + intrapleural hyperthermic perfusion of cisplatin (200 mg/m2) with VATS (day 8,43°C, 2 hours). Adverse outcomes, QOL, and pleural effusion were assessed in three regimens. To investigate the outcomes of the QOL, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QOL Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13), the QOL questionnaire for cancer patients treated with anticancer drugs (QOL-ACD), the Cancer Dyspnea Score (CDS), and the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were used. Results: During the IPHC treatment course, grade 3 neutropenia, anemia, and diarrhea were observed. The physical function after IPHC became worse compared to that before the IPHC. Fatigue during chemotherapy (CBDCA+S-1) was more pronounced than that during the IPHC. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea during the IPHC were prevalent than those of chemotherapy. The overall QOL after the IPHC was improved compared to that before the IPHC. Regarding before and after the IPHC, the physical function after the IPHC became worse compared to that before the IPHC, on the other hand, the global QOL before and after the IPHC had not dramatically changed. Pleural effusion was controlled after the IPHC for more than 1 year. Conclusion: The first case of a clinical trial of the next-generation IPHC showed grade 3 adverse events. However, it was an acceptable feasibility compared to the usual platinum doublet chemotherapy. The effectiveness of the IPHC allowed the patient to obtain a good control of the pleural effusion and preserved the patient’s QOL.

Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Impact Factors of Lung Cancer Mortality: A Case Study of Yuhui District in Bengbu City, China

Among cancers, lung cancer is the most common cause of death in China. For the prevention and control of lung cancer, it is necessary to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of lung cancer mortality, as well as the changes in the trend and the affecting mechanism. Based on statistics and auto-correlation analysis, this paper studied the spatial and temporal distribution of lung cancer mortality in Yuhui District, Bengbu, Huaihe River Basin, from 2017 to 2020. In addition, Spearman’s Rank Correlation Assessment Model and Geographic Detector Model were used to examine the relationship between environmental factors and lung cancer mortality to identify impact factors and their mechanisms. The findings indicated that: 1) from the characteristics of temporal distribution, the number of lung cancer deaths exhibited a linear growth tendency, with the highest mortality in winter;2) from the characteristics of spatial distribution, lung cancer mortality showed a strong spatial agglomeration form, concentrating on two clustering areas, located in the old city and the central city of Bengbu, near the Huaihe River;3) from the point of view of the whole research area, there were 15 impact factors with significant correlation in the built and natural environment factors. The significant impacting factors in the built environment included land use, road traffic, spatial form and blue-green space, which could indirectly affect lung cancer mortality, while air pollution and temperature constituted the significant impacting factors in the natural environment;4) the influence of screened environmental factors on lung cancer mortality was different. Spatial stratified heterogeneity assessment, the interaction among environmental factors demonstrated statistical significance, it was found that the interaction between environmental factors in pairs had a significant enhancement effect on lung cancer mortality. To some extent, urban planning and policies could reduce lung cancer mortality.

Differential Diagnosis of Warthin's Tumor Complicated with Lung Adenocarcinoma by 18F- FDG PET/CT Imaging and Radioisotope Scanning with Tc-99m Pertechnetate:A Case Report and Literature Review

A seventy eight years old male patient underwent a whole body 18F- FDG PET/CT imaging to diagnose the lesion which was showed in the right lung by a chest X ray test and CT scan before. Besides the intense 18F- FDG uptake of the lesion in the right lung, a lesion in the left parotid gland also showed intense 18F- FDG uptake. To evaluate the pathology of the lesion in the left parotid gland, a parotid gland scintigraphy imaging with Tc-99m pertechnetate was done and revealed a Warthin＇s tumor. Later a fine needle aspiration（FNA） confirmed that it was a Warthin＇s tumor.

Professionalization of Farmers Is the Key to Solution of China's Rural Issues

There are essential differences between the current status of farmers in China and "farmer" as a profession; this disparity remains to be a barrier to agricultural modernization. Since reform and opening up, changes in social economic structure have prompted the professionalization of farmers. To realize this trend and promote this transformation will be of significant importance to Chinese agricultural modernization.