土地经营权流转中农民土地财产权保护的现实困境与破解策略

农民土地财产权的实现是赋予其更多财产性权利、实现财产性收入增加的关键所在。在土地经营权流转中,农民土地财产权的构成包括完整的土地承包经营权、充分的土地经营权流转处置权和合理的土地经营权流转收益权。当前在农地流转中,农民土地财产权存在着土地承包经营权权能部分缺失、土地经营权流转处置权受到干涉及土地经营权流转收益权不合理的问题,针对上述问题,需要通过完善农户土地承包经营权确权登记颁证、尊重农户土地经营权流转主体地位以及建立土地经营权流转价格形成与调整机制来保护和实现土地经营权流转中的农民土地财产权。

The Plights and Solutions of the Farmers' Land Rights Protection

The current plights of farmers' land rights in China are analyzed.They cover the vain installation of the security of farmers' land rights,vain position of the dominant role played by rural collective land,incomplete functions of rural collective land and the inadequate material assistance of farmers.The solutions for ensuring the security of farmers' land rights are put forward,in the first place,perfecting the legislation of guaranteeing farmers' land rights.In the second place,scientifically installing the rural land rights,which covers the following aspects,such as,clearly defining that the collective ownership of rural land belongs to farmers in law;clearly defining the main body of rural land property and eliminating the shortage of property rights;demarcating the range of public interests and clearly stipulating the reasonable compensation of main body of land expropriation.In the third place,villagers' autonomy should be perfected.In the forth place,standardizing the system of land expropriation,which includes the two aspects of normalizing the land transference procedure and the control of collecting land tax,and establishing fair compensation standard and normalizing land compensation procedure.In the fifth place,strengthening land transference and judiciary,and enforcing supervision;in the sixth place,accelerating the development of peasants' cooperative economic organizations and cultivating peasants' rights keeping organization.Through the discussion on the plights and solutions of farmers' land rights protection,the coordination of rural and urban development will be realized and a harmonious society will be built.

城乡一体化背景下农民土地权利保护研究——以江苏镇江为调研对象

城乡统筹、三农问题的核心是土地问题。随着城乡一体化进程的加快,因土地权益纠纷而导致的农民集体上访、农村群体性事件时有发生,有效保障农民土地权利是解决城乡矛盾及由此带来的社会利益冲突的关键。本文首先对镇江地区农民土地权利的基本现状进行调查,在此基础上剖析农民土地权利受损的原因,探索完善农民土地权利保障机制。重点是要通过完善立法明确农民的土地权利范围;构建城乡统一的土地市场,建立公平合理的土地产权制度;规范农村征地行为,完善土地征收补偿制度;有效规制政府征地权,建立科学的政绩考核机制。这对保障镇江地区社会稳定全局、促进镇江城乡一体化建设有重要意义。

农民土地财产性收入的时空格局及影响因素——以甘肃省为例

采用GIS技术与重心理论,分析甘肃省农民土地财产性收入的区域分布特征及重心移动轨迹,并在此基础上运用GWR定量分析甘肃省农民土地财产性收入时空分异的影响因素。得出以下结论:(1)2008-2017年甘肃省农民土地财产性收入总体上呈现不断增长的趋势,但是空间差异明显,"西移北增"的趋势已经基本形成。(2)甘肃省农民土地财产性收入空间分异由2008年经济发展水平、农民收入水平主导,社会资源禀赋和政府投入力度共同影响,逐步发展为2012年经济发展水平主导,农户收入水平和政府投入力度协同影响,到2017年农户收入水平、自然资源禀赋和政府投入力度不同程度的影响。(3)2008-2017年经济发展水平、政府投入力度、资源禀赋和农户收入水平与甘肃省农民土地财产性收入时空分布格局具有一定的联系,但在不同区域又表现出明显的差异,且部分因素在个别时期表现出非稳定性。