Welfare effects of rural-urban land conversion on different aged land-lost farmers:exemplified in Wuhan city

Rural-urban land conversion is a universal phenomenon in the rapid process of economic development and urban growth.The welfare of farmers who lost their farmland attracted a widespread concern within the society and academia.However,further research about differentiated policies according to the characteristics of different farmer groups is still need to be conducted.This article divides the land-lost farmers into three age groups:younger than 45,45-65,and more than 65.It proposes a welfare index system including eight functional areas based on different age groups of affected farmers,taking four districts of Wuhan City as case study area.Fuzzy mathematics method is used to derive the aggregated welfare effect index.Our analysis show that the overall welfare levels of land-lost farmers of all age groups declined,but with a varying degree,with the level of welfare in those farmers who are 45-65 years old,younger than 45 years old,and older than 65 years old decreased by 18.7%,16.6%,and 12.7%,respectively.The direction and degree of effects on the functional activity index varies among different groups.Economic conditions,living environment,health,and social participation of all age groups decrease while social security and housing conditions increase.On the other hand,development opportunities,social communication,and leisure have different changing directions in different age stages.These results call for differentiated and tailor-made compensation policies for land-lost farmers,towards improving the welfare levels of all farmers and reduce the disparity among them.

Farmers′ Perception to Farmland Conversion: A Questionnaire Survey in Xining City, Qinghai Province, China

China is experiencing a fast process of farmland conversion which is conducted mainly by local governments to fuel economic development.Social tension is aroused and policy makers take great concerns on coordinating interests among different stakeholders,especially for increasing farmers′ interest.The purpose of this study is to get some insights related to land acquisition institution by exploring farmers′ perception to farmland conversion.Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA) was applied for the investigation in peri-urban area,of Xining City,Qinghai Province,China.The total of 519 householders from 15 villages completed valid questionnaire survey from July to November,2012.The results indicate that farmland conversion has several impacts on farmers′ life.Most farmers are gradually adapting to city life.Higher living expenses and more income are perceived by farmers with average score of 4.21 and 2.69,respectively.The average scores of 2.38 and 2.46 are for improvement of life security and more job opportunities.Farmers expect to get some stable ways of compensation in addition to lump-sum compensation in cash.Stable subsidies every year and obtaining same number of land received strong proposal.And these two options are cited by 49.6% and 43.9% of respondents.Farmland conversion brings about cleaner living condition and more amenities,but lower air visibility and drier air.Results reflect landless farmers′ economic and life pressures and various demands.Local government should pay more attention to increase farmers′ income and improve rural security system.

Policy Needs for Social Security in the Process of Citizenization of the Peri-urban Farmers:A Case Study of Hefei City

We conduct a survey of transformational towns and villages in High-tech Development District, Yaohai District and Shushan District, Hefei City. Using data, we analyze the "sideline effect" and inherent contradiction of transformational cities, research the policy needs for social security and its trend in the citizenization process of the peri-urban farmers. On this basis, we construct the social security policy system that can adapt to the accelerated process of urbanization. Finally, we put forth the following recommendations for the social security policy in the citizenization process of the peri-urban farmers: distinguishing different groups' policy needs for social security; attaching importance to people's dynamic policy needs for social security in urbanization; focusing on the adaptability of social security policy transformation in urbanization; attaching importance to the social psychosocial environment of social security policy transformation in urbanization; achieving the trinity of non-farm conversion, urbanization and citizenization in the process of urbanization; strengthening the government's dominant position in the building of social security policy system.

Investigation on Farmers'Willingness to Participate in Rural Non-point Source Pollution Control in Nantong and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

Based on the questionnaire survey of 337 farmers in 8 villages in Rugao City,Jiangsu Province,the gender,age and educational level of the main able-bodied people of farm households,the characteristics of farmers’production and living behaviors,farmers’cognition of rural non-point source pollution,and farmers’willingness to pay for rural non-point source pollution control and its influencing factors were studied.The results show that to protect the rural ecological environment,most farmers are willing to participate in rural non-point source pollution control,but the annual cost of rural non-point source pollution control is low,and the number of volunteer days is small.Rural grass-roots party organizations should stimulate farmers’willingness to participate in rural non-point source pollution control,give full play to the role of the branch as a fighting fortress,and build a mechanism for Party building to lead rural non-point source pollution control.

Life satisfaction approach to farmers' compensation for land acquisition:empirical study from the suburbs of Wuhan City

Farmers' compensation for land acquisition is not only critical to increasing their income and to playing a pivotal role in maintaining rural stability,but also to the promotion of sustainable land use.Based on analysis of Chinese land acquisition policy under the Land Management Law,which provides principles or guidelines for determining compensation according to agricultural land use in regard to farmers' previous quality of life,the Life Satisfaction Approach is introduced in this article to evaluate farmers' compensation for land acquisition.Employing data from a questionnaire survey on 346 farming households in Wuhan Suburbs,this article examined the influence of farmland on farmers' life satisfaction and evaluated the level of compensation for land acquisition.Results show that farmland has a significantly positive impact on life satisfaction,which fell by 0.033 on a five-point scale following a reduction farmland by of 1 mu.Respondents were willing to accept approximately RMB 3066.44 annual household income for the loss of 1 mu farmland;the level of compensation after discounting by 6.2%is RMB 750,000 per hectare.It was found in a further comparative study that the level of farmers' compensation for land acquisition is decidedly low,and it was also shown that their compensation standards,as well as the actual compensation,could be substantially improved by expanding economic compensation to non-economic compensation to embody farmland multifunction in terms of production and non-production against farmers' previous quality of life.This article proposes a compensation model that enriches the content of land acquisition compensation,extends the current literature on measuring compensation,and provides economic theory bases for increasing compensation standards and improving policies related to land acquisition.We consider that if this compensation model is applied,it could raise the cost of land acquisition and improve usage of land,reduce the speed of rural-urban land conversion,and improve farmers' well-being.

Solar Energy Generation Using Agriculture Cultivated Lands

Generation of electricity using solar PV is picking up in India in a big way in recent years. It needs a clear direction such that it can optimally be utilized and the benefits, without being concentrated in a few locations, can reach the majority of poor population as well. Indian farmers, for the last few decades are affected in terms of availability of electrical power. The present study suggests the use of fertile and cultivated land with about 5 m elevated structure with solar panels. It creates shade on the crops. In the present study, the shade effect on the crops below the structure has been examined systematically through modeling studies. Different solar panel design configurations are suggested such that the crops or plants below, on the ground surface, can also be grown without any reduction in their yield. The effect of the elevated structure on the neighboring lands is also examined. It is shown that the present concept can easily be implemented in India, perhaps in the world, at all the locations such that power can be generated using farmer’s own land for his own benefit, perhaps with some profit to him. The present concept, if implemented, also reduces the huge cost involved in establishing the network of transmission and distribution lines.

Analysis on Land Ticket Transaction System of Chongqing Municipality

On the basis of analyzing essence of land ticket system of Chongqing Municipality and its transaction process,this paper studies the relationship between government and farmers and between city and countryside,and discusses the drawbacks of land ticket system in Chongqing Municipality. Results show that inherent drawbacks of land ticket system and wrong guidance of policies lead to suspicion of land ticket system occupying rural resources. Interregional exploitation and intergenerational exploitation are inherent mechanism of city exploiting countryside. Finally,it proposes increasing construction land index to satisfy demand of new socialist countryside construction primarily,to ensure rural social stability; Later,use land ticket index to fill the gap of construction land in economically developed areas,so as to alleviate conflict of urban land use and maximize circulation value of rural construction land. It is expected to provide theoretical reference for relevant departments to regulate land ticket transaction system and realize the harmonious development,between urban and rural areas.

以人为本推进超大特大城市户籍制度改革的路径选择

自上一轮户籍制度改革实施以来,常住人口300万以下城市的落户门槛已经完全放开,破解部分常住人口300万以上的大城市和超大特大城市的落户限制成为户籍制度改革接下来的突出任务。当前,户籍制度改革的福利扩散(落户)与福利剥离(居住证)二元并行路径面临困境,在政策上陷入了“落户悖论”:如果推进落户,在超大特大城市户籍门槛很难进一步降低,且在农业转移人口落户意愿不高的背景下,落户已很难继续推进;如果不推进落户转而依靠居住证,在核心公共服务难以进一步与户籍脱钩的条件下,农业转移人口仍需要通过落户实现市民化。破解“落户悖论”,推进以人为本的新型城镇化,可实施“愿落尽落+负面清单”改革方案:在完全放开超大特大城市落户限制的同时,将少数高含金量公共服务列入负面清单,落户者须满足负面清单中公共服务的提供部门所制定的附加条件,才能享受该公共服务。这一改革方案具备较好的经济性、道义性和可操作性,是放开超大特大城市落户限制的可行路径。

Rural Cooperative Economic Organized United Association: A Case Study of Baoding City of Hebei Province

Taking its development in Baoding City as an example, we introduced service fields of rural cooperative economic organized united association. It mainly includes setting up service platform and providing scientific and technological services; organizing economic and trade negotiation and exchange, and promoting farmer-supermarket partnership; providing financial services and solving fund-raising problems. In line with these fields, we analyzed existing problems: (i) regional development is unbalanced and organization lacks internal connection; (ii) the development in some counties (cities) is to be improved, and the promotion effect is not significant; (iii) there is shortage of talent and the innovation strength is not enough; and (iv) it lacks system and management lacks restriction mechanism. Finally, we put forward countermeasures and recommendations: strengthen propaganda and cultivate farmers' cooperative awareness; incorporate rural cooperative economic organized united association into formal system arrangement, and absorb professional talents; innovate upon organization system of rural cooperative economic organized united association and improve service methods; improve internal operating mechanism and innovate upon working contents of rural cooperative economic organized united association at new development background.

城乡融合视角下进城农户宅基地“两阶段”退出机制研究

宅基地缺乏退出机制导致我国农村宅基地大量闲置,因此,中央提出宅基地“三权分置”政策,旨在建立宅基地流转机制。本文从进城农户视角对其退出宅基地的意愿进行分析,指出进城农户比农村常住农户具有更强的退出意愿,但倾向于分阶段逐步退出宅基地,在第一阶段通过租赁或投资入股等方式退出宅基地使用权,在第二阶段退出农户资格权。文章最后指出,预留部分宅基地是激励进城农户退出宅基地及确保农村社会稳定的重要举措。

社会融合视角下农民工城市定居意愿探赜——基于Logistic模型的实证研究

农民工的城市定居意愿影响农民工市民化进程,进而影响我国新型城镇化建设与乡村振兴。文章基于2023年873份农民工问卷,在社会融合视角下,构建二元logistic回归模型对农民工的城市定居意愿影响因素进行研究。实证研究表明,只有58%的农民工具有城市定居意愿。农民工性别、年龄、婚姻状况、教育水平、家庭随迁人口数量、城市迁移时间长短等因素对定居意愿均没有显著影响;参加本地医保、身份认同、经济收入、健康状况、承包地等因素对农民工的城市定居意愿影响较大;社会参与度、闲暇生活、居住证等在一定程度上提升农民工的定居意愿。如何持续提升农民工的城市定居意愿,文章从社会关系融合、经济收入及公共服务均等化等三个方面提出了对策建议。

家庭资本对返乡创业农民工进城定居意愿的影响研究

促进返乡创业农民工进城定居对提高新型城镇化水平具有重要作用。本研究基于西部地区脱贫县388名返乡创业农民工的调查数据,采用熵值法赋权家庭资本各维度指标测算综合得分,实证研究返乡创业农民工家庭资本对其进城定居意愿的影响。分析发现丰裕的家庭资本显著正向影响返乡创业农民工的进城定居意愿。进一步研究发现,家庭资本丰裕的返乡农民工通过提高创业收入进而增强他们的进城定居意愿。此外,创业经历缩小了不同家庭资本存量的返乡创业农民工之间的进城定居意愿差异,即创业经历在家庭资本和返乡创业农民工的进城定居意愿之间存在负向调节作用。据此,本研究分别从提升返乡创业农民工家庭人力资本、社会资本、经济资本以及优化创业环境等四方面提出可操作性的建议,促进返乡农民工创业绩效提升,助力其实现进城定居意愿。

论进城落户农民承包地权益的法治保障

在统筹新型城镇化和乡村振兴、推动城乡融合及共同富裕的时代背景下,保障进城落户农民承包地权益是涉农改革的关键。集体成员身份的保留,是阐释进城落户农民承包地权益保障正当依据和法律边界的前提。当前,进城落户农民承包地权益保障面临权益冲突及身份认定、承包地财产权实现、承包地权益救济三大法治挑战。为此,应健全进城落户农民成员身份的认定与权益冲突的协调规则,兼顾进城落户农民承包地财产权益与保障功能的充分实现,构建以诉讼救济为兜底的多元救济机制。

乡村振兴背景下新型职业农民培训现状与改进措施——以镇江市丹阳市为例

培训新型职业农民是乡村人才振兴的必然选择,有助于丰富农民的农业知识、提高农民的农业技能水平及综合素质。基于此,本研究详细介绍了丹阳市新型职业农民培训的现状和培训成效,指出了丹阳市农民培训过程中存在农民队伍文化素质整体不高、培训对象年龄结构偏大及培训和评估手段单一等问题,提出了丹阳市新型职业农民培训的整改措施,如加强组织管理,健全培训机制;线上服务、线下培训齐发力;多方位宣传发动,营造培训氛围;强化监督检查,规范培训管理等。研究结果表明,通过积极研究新型职业农民培训内容、拓展培训形式、探索培训评估方法,有助于构建出一套符合农民文化层次、能让农民更好接受的培训体系,为我国的新型职业农民培训工作添砖加瓦,助力乡村振兴。

影像文本中包头城市形象建构与传播策略研究

近年来,我国城市建设规模不断扩大,城市化进程不断深入,城市间的竞争不仅仅是经济和规模的竞争,更表现在城市形象、文化建设、人文关怀、城市品位、生活环境等多方面软实力的博弈。在城市形象塑造的大背景下,影视媒介作为强有力的传播途径,无疑对城市具有重要意义。影视作品作为媒介手段,有助于对影像文本梳理、分析与城市形象之间的联系,进而推动包头市城市形象建构及传播策略的研究。

邢台市被征地农民社会保障开展现状和对策

随着邢台市主城区的持续扩张,政府对集体农用地的收储和征用行为日益频繁,导致大量农民的土地被征用。这一过程中,被征地农民的社会保障问题日益凸显。文章旨在探讨邢台市被征地农民社会保障的现状,并分析当前制度中存在的问题。通过对现有社会保障体系的深入研究提出了一系列改进对策,以期为被征地农民提供更为稳定和全面的社会保障,这有助于完善邢台市的社会保障体系,也为其他地区提供了可借鉴的经验。

乡村变迁视域下农村陪读现象的形成机制研究——基于山西省X县的实证调查

为了实现阶层流动的优势竞争地位,农村家长“进城陪读”已成为农村熟人社会中为数不多的共识之一。通过子代教育投入实现社会阶层的跃升是社会环境、教育体制及家庭观念在城镇化与现代性多重合力下催生的时代产物。基于在山西省X县的田野调查发现,城市化携带着现代化因子入侵中国传统的乡村场域,陪读现象的产生受到正式的、制度化的乡村结构变迁影响。其次,宗法制度式微,熟人社会中的“面子竞争”推动了乡村文化变迁,结合中国“下行式”家庭主义思想在教育晋升中的深刻体现,最终形成以家庭为单位的“拟态进阶”的教育竞争策略。

南阳市新型农民培训满意度调查

采用问卷调查的方法,分析了参与培训者对南阳市新型农民培训的满意度。研究结果显示,参与培训者对培训整体满意,但在培训时间、教学内容和培训解疑方面,还存在一些不满。此研究可为南阳市制定农民培训计划提供参考及建议。

广水市高素质农民培育的现状及对策

近年来,广水市大力开展高素质农民培育,建立了一支文化水平高、种植技术强、善经营、会管理的高素质农民队伍,为全面推进乡村振兴、加快农业农村现代化发展提供稳定的人才保障。为进一步巩固培育效果,针对当前高素质农民培训和教育工作中存在的问题,提出了加强高素质农民培育工作的发展对策。

六盘水市高素质农民“政-校-企”协同培养模式研究

农民作为推进乡村高质量发展的主力军,其能力素质与其自身发展、乡村建设及智慧农业的发展息息相关。在调研的基础上,结合六盘水高素质农民培养现状,通过收集、分析高素质农民培养案例,总结成功经验,提出了六盘水市高素质农民“政—校—企”协同培养模式。该模式既对六盘水高素质农民培养质量的提升具有较强的实践价值,还可为其他地区高素质农民培养工作的开展提供参考。