Factors Influencing Large-scale Operation of Large Grain Farmers in Northeast China

With the grain yield accounting for 20% of the whole country, the north- east China is a strategic region for ensuring national grain security and also a most centralized region of large grain farmers. Through a sampling survey of large grain farmers in 15 counties and cities of northeast China, with the aid of SPSS and AMOS software, using multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling, this paper made a quantitative analysis on the influence of the subjective and ob- jective factors of large grain farmers on their large-scale management. The results showed that the age structure, educational level, family operating capital, yield ex- pectation and protective farming awareness of large grain farmers are the positive factors influencing their large scale operation due to agricultural subsidy policy. By comparison, the number of agricultural machinery and equipment owned by family, regional labor force, expectation for future income, and expectation for contractual scale become negative factors influencing large-scale operation of large grain farm- ers because of agricultural policies. When the future expectation, self conditions, family endowment, and operation conditions of large grain farmers increase one unit, their large scale operation motivation will increase by 0.692, 0.689, 0.487 and 0.363 units respectively. Thus, increasing the future expectation and self conditions of large grain farmers is a key factor for promoting large scale operation of farmland.

Stakeholders’ Participation in Agricultural Farmers’ Extension Services Programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case of the Operation Wealth Creation (OWC) Programme in Uganda

The paper presents findings from a study carried out to assess the contribution of stakeholders’participation on the performance of the national agricultural farmers’extension services programme in Uganda known as Operation Wealth Creation(OWEC).Specifically,the study sought to establish how participatory planning,budgeting,monitoring and evaluation(M&E)respectively contributed to the performance of OWC in selected district in central Uganda.The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design using both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis techniques and employed both questionnaires and interview guides on key participants in the programme.Findings of the study indicated positive relationships between stakeholders’participation and programme performance with participatory planning,budgeting and M&E all having positive significant effects on the performance of OWC programme.The study concluded that indeed stakeholders’participation contributed to improved performance of the OWC programme.The study recommends increased funding and M&E of the agricultural extension programmes for improved performance.

Fundamental Research on Enhancing Operation Reliability for Large-Scale Interconnected Power Grids——An interview with Zhou Xiaoxin, chief scientist of "973 Program"

At the end of last year, the editors from Power and Electrical Engineers interviewed Zhou Xiaoxin on "Fundamental Research on Enhancing Operation Reliability for Large-Scale Interconnected Power Grids", a project of "973 Program". Mr. Zhou, the chief engineer of China Electric Power Research Institute(CEPRI) and an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, is the chief scientist in charge of this research project.

Research of Personnel Operational Ability Evaluation of Large-scale Complex Equipment

The level of personnel operation ability determines the expected effectiveness of large-scale complex equipment. Firstly, this paper constructs the personnel operational ability evaluation index system and analyzes the data source of index. Secondly, the weight of index is determined and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is proposed. Finally, results of instance analysis show that the evaluation model is feasible and effective.

Comparative Analysis on Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives from the Perspective of Agricultural Industry Chain

Taking three typical farmers' specialized cooperatives in Jingyuan County of Gansu Province as example,this paper compared with the operating mode of three cooperatives and their position in the agricultural industry chain,and analyzed operating characteristics,problems,and similarities of three cooperatives and their functions in the agricultural industry chain.The study indicated that the farmers' specialized cooperatives can accurately find their position in the agricultural industry chain.This is helpful for raising their comprehensive competitiveness and it is very important to manage the survival and development of farmers' specialized cooperatives,which is of utmost importance to their effective operation.According to this study,the government should strengthen its support,speed up the cultivation of new-type professional farmers,while farmers' specialized cooperatives should grasp the operating characteristics,locate themselves and integrate multi-resources.These are effective measures for promoting healthy operation of farmers' specialized cooperatives.

Exploration of New Financing Mode of Farmers' Co-operatives——A Case of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China

Based on the overview of the role played by farmers' co-operatives in developing rural economy and existing problems,the thesis has introduced the factors which influence the development of farmers' co-operatives including five aspects,namely conditions of scale economy,popularization and application of agricultural production technology,comparative advantage,market expectancy and government support.By analyzing typical cases of three co-operatives in Guangxi(Heng County Dadi Growing Co-operatives,talents-leading share-holding co-operatives;Long'an County Guixiniu Co-operatives,co-operatives led by leading-enterprise;Nanning City Tanluo Town Jinguang Fruits and Potatoes Co-operatives,co-operatives led by leading-enterprise),the way to develop farmers' co-operatives by dint of the external capital has been discussed.The results demonstrate that conditions of scale economy,popularization and application of agricultural production technology,comparative advantage,excellent market expectancy and government support,are conducive to absorbing external capital.Under China's existing economic conditions,the government should normalize the use and allocation procedure of program fund.

Exploration of Problems in Developing Jilin Farmers' Professional Cooperatives

Establishment of farmers' professional cooperatives is an effective approach of settling conflicts between small-scale production of rural households and great market, however, there are still many problems such as low level of standardization, unscientific market positioning, poor capacity of mitigating risks, and unfavorable ecological benefits. This study, based on field investigation data and successful support experience, further explored operation and management problems existing in Jilin Farming Cooperative, and proposed pertinent solutions so as to enhance the high-efficiency and standard operation of farmers' professional cooperatives in Jilin Province and even China.

Organic Connection between Small Farmers and Modern Agriculture Development Based on Farmers'Cooperatives in China

As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era,China's agricultural and rural development has also made remarkable achievements.However,the shortcomings of modernization are still in the field of agriculture,rural areas and farmers.The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes a strategy of rural revitalization.It is pointed out that the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development should be promoted.In the development of modern agriculture,small farmers face the problems of scattered production factors,aging labor force and low labor quality,low industrialization,and low market position.This paper compares the characteristics of farmer cooperatives with other new business entities.Combined with the relevant contents of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Farmers'Professional Cooperatives newly revised in 2017,this paper analyzes the organizational,service,and intermediary functions of farmers'cooperatives to promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture development and reveals the role of farmers'cooperatives in China's agricultural development.

Operating in Tandem Chinese experts in Sao Tome and Principe cooperate with local farmers to raise medical standards in the breeding industry

Santomean pig farmer Simao Vicente was hopeful when he came to ask Zou Rui for help. His pig was suffering from hernia, and Zou, a 42-year-old Chinese agricultural expert working in Sao Tomé and Príncipe, was the only person on the island who could provide emergency surgery.

How Does the Farmer Cooperatives Operate in Yanbian Area?

After six years of development,the number of farmer cooperatives in Yanbian area was increased from 72 in 2007 to 2600 in 2012.It has become an important part of local modern agricultural operation.Through the survey and research of current status of farmer cooperatives in Yanbian area,we analyze the deficiencies in capital,technology and human resources during the operating to thoroughly understand its operating status.On this basis,we put forth some recommendations for the development of farmer cooperatives in Yanbian area:implementing industrialization operation;developing long-term development strategy;seeking the support of research institutions and colleges;increasing the types of services;enhancing the value-added.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Farmer and Herdsman's Operating Behavior in Crop Production--A Case Study of the Typical Tibetan Counties(Cities)

We select 204 panel data samples from fixed observation spots in China's rural areas(Nagqu County,Duilongdeqing County and Xigaze City in Tibet),and conduct systematic analysis of factors influencing farmer and herdsman's operating behavior in crop production,using regression estimation method of the linear model,mixed OLS model and the random effects model.The research shows that "the number of migrant workers","the amount of household labor forces","original value of fixed assets for production purpose at the end of year","whether having agricultural machinery or not" and other household endowment factors,have a positive impact on total planting area of households,and theoretically,the endowment effect of internal factors predicted is valid;the product of "average food price" and "whether selling or not" has conspicuous impact,and the empirical results confirm that in external factors,the substitution effect of price is greater than the income effect.

新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展的理论机理与实践进路

促进新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展是实现农民农村共同富裕的题中应有之义。本文在厘清新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展核心内涵的基础上,从协同发展的动力、模式、环境和效应等四个维度,阐释新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展的理论机理,全面刻画农村经济系统内部主体的基本特征及行为选择。新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展是在市场化发展和政策推动的双重影响下,各类农业经营主体对农业经营方式自主选择的结果。依据一般规律,从创新农村产业组织方式、健全完善利益联结机制、加快培育新型职业农民、强化协同发展政策保障等四个方面,提出新发展阶段促进新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展的实践进路。新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展为破解“未来谁来种地、怎样种好地”等问题提供了一些思路。

农民专业合作社的规范与发展——“鱼与熊掌”能否兼得?

农民专业合作社的规范与发展能否兼得?何以兼得?这对审视当下中国合作社发展路径具有重大意义。本研究基于安徽省423家国家级示范社监测数据,探讨了规范治理对经营绩效的影响,分析了何种权利安排能够实现合作社兼顾规范与发展。研究发现:第一,规范治理对合作社经营绩效具有显著正向影响,且对组织绩效的增进效应强于对社员绩效的增进效应。第二,盈余分配和民主决策规范对合作社经营绩效的影响具有异质性,相对于民主决策规范,盈余分配规范是提高合作社经营绩效的主要路径。第三,调整合作社权利安排、实现剩余控制权与索取权有效匹配,是实现合作社规范与发展兼得的关键路径,而调整决策方式、设置优先股等是实现“两权”有效匹配的可行路径。本文对重塑合作社治理机制,探寻中国合作社发展路径具有启示和借鉴意义。

基于演化博弈的新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展研究

全面推进乡村振兴、加快建设农业强国,必须统筹兼顾培育新型农业经营主体和扶持小农户。政府激励、新型农业经营主体带动和小农户参与是促进新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展的有效路径。构建“政府-新型农业经营主体-小农户”三方博弈主体的演化博弈模型,揭示政府激励政策、新型农业经营主体带动成本和小农户收益等关键决策变量对协同演化路径的影响机理。研究发现:①当政府消极激励时的固定监管成本大于其积极激励时的固定监管成本,且新型农业经营主体与小农户单方愿意合作的情形下,政府补贴不能弥补这两类主体各自所付出的额外成本,此时系统将趋于政府积极激励、新型农业经营主体不带动、小农户不参与的(1,0,0)均衡状态;②当政府积极激励时对两类主体的补贴与监管成本之和小于政府消极激励时的固定监管成本,且新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展时均可取得相应收益增值,此时系统将趋于政府积极激励、新型农业经营主体带动、小农户参与的(1,1,1)均衡状态。数值仿真发现,政府采取不同激励政策下的固定监管成本之差、新型农业经营主体的带动成本及小农户标准化生产成本,这3类重要参数变化将显著影响各主体的最优策略选择。因此,在政府积极激励的政策背景下,有效控制博弈主体的重要成本参数可实现新型农业经营主体与小农户协同发展。

海南省新型农业经营主体与农户利益联结机制:国内外经验与启示

以家庭农场、专业合作社、龙头企业等为代表的新型农业经营主体与农户的紧密利益联结,能有效提高农民的组织化程度,促进农业现代化发展。本研究通过文献梳理和调研访谈,总结分析了美国和日本以农业合作社和农业协会为代表的农业经营组织与农户之间的利益联结模式和机制,以及国内合作社和家庭农场等农业经营主体与农户之间的利益联结及其典型模式。基于此,创新海南省的新型农业经营主体与农户利益联结机制,各级主管部门应加大对新型农业经营主体的政策扶持力度,健全海南的农村社会化服务体系和利益联结方式,促进新型农业经营主体和基层农户的增效增收以及可持续发展。

唐前期对农“四位一体”制度建构及其废毁

唐朝前期制定推行了控制广大均田农户的均田制、赋役制、计帐户籍制和州县乡里制。这四项制度密切关联,协调配套,建构起一个整体制度体系,形成“四位一体”组合结构。这是针对农户和农民制定的基本制度,也是维护国家治理的重要制度保障。但这一制度体系和组合结构具有理想化特色,在实际的关联配套中出现了多方面脱节失调,表现在均田制与赋役制脱节日益严重,全国性农户逃亡脱籍持续恶化,计帐户籍编制日渐紊乱,州县乡里官司腐败残暴等,这些造成了制度体系的结构性运行日趋失序混乱。到玄宗开天时期,实际结构性运行陷入废弛失效,整体制度体系也陷入废毁瓦解。唐朝前期对农“四位一体”制度建构由完善到废毁的过程,反映了唐王朝对农制度体系建构的兴废沿革和国家治理的由盛转衰。

新发展阶段粮食安全与农民增收路径

运用2010-2021年我国26个省份的面板数据,以粮食产量为产出变量,以劳动力、资本、水资源、土地资源、农药、化肥为投入变量,计算粮食生产效率,运用回归模型分析粮食生产效率对农民收入的影响。回归分析结果显示粮食生产效率对农民收入具有正的影响,据此提出降低农业生产成本、促进城镇化与农业现代化协同发展、优化财政支农形式等建议,以提高粮食生产效率,促进农民增收。

风险厌恶和信息获取对养殖户现代化经营理念的影响

基于对全国367个肉牛养殖户微观调研数据,从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享5个维度10个指标,运用熵值法测算养殖户现代化经营理念水平,在此基础上,利用Tobit回归模型分析风险厌恶程度和信息获取能力对养殖户现代化经营理念的影响。结果表明:目前养殖户现代化经营理念较低;风险厌恶程度对养殖户现代化经营理念具有显著的负向影响,信息获取能力对养殖户现代化经营理念具有显著的正向影响,信息获取能力可以有效缓解风险厌恶对养殖户现代化经营理念的抑制作用;此外,受教育程度、当地有肉牛合作社和年参加培训次数等因素对养殖户现代化经营理念也有显著的正向影响。据此,提出促进养殖户现代化经营理念提升的政策建议。

基于IRR计算方法的农户生产经营贷款策略研究——以峨边县为例

以乐山市峨边县农村金融机构农户生产经营贷款投资数据为基础,以贷款从事农业生产的农户为调研对象,运用净现值分析法(NPV)与内部收益率计算法(IRR)对农户生产经营情况展开分析,了解农户生产支出与运营利润情况。得出峨边县农户在生产经营投资中面临农户文化水平普遍不高、农村金融机构缺乏贷前调查与贷后管理、政府对农户生产经营贷款投资的指导与补贴缺位、农户生产经营贷利率过高等问题的结论,可为农户生产经营贷款的提前规划提供参考,以防范生产经营贷款投资风险,有效维护与完善农村金融市场,提振农户的生产经营贷款投资信心,激发农村市场的巨大潜力。

连片种植能促进农户的绿色生产行为吗?——以化肥、农药减量施用为例

农地规模经营是促进农业绿色发展的重要路径。连片规模作为农地规模的一种特殊形式,能否带动农户进行农业绿色生产,是值得讨论的重要话题。利用2017-2019年广东省阳山县的农户追踪数据分析水稻连片种植对农业绿色生产的影响,结果表明:第一,农户开展连片种植能够显著促进化肥与农药投入的减量,即连片种植显著促进了农户的绿色生产行为。经多种稳健性检验后结果依然成立。第二,机制分析发现,连片种植农户通过增加机械服务外包环节和提升机械服务外包契约化程度等路径实现绿色生产。第三,异质性分析表明,小经营规模农户和小地块规模农户开展连片种植后,更能够促进其进行农业绿色生产。第四,情景分析表明,在承包地完成了农地确权和村庄内拥有高信任水平的情景下,连片种植会强化农户的绿色生产行为。由此提出,鼓励农户开展连片种植,发育农业生产性社会化服务市场,有助于将小农户卷入农业绿色化发展进程之中。