Study of the Factors Influencing Entrepreneurial Farmers' Formal Financial Credit Demand and Credit Constraints in Sichuan and Chongqing

Based on a survey of 939 farmers in Sichuan and Chongqing,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of entrepreneurial farmers' formal financial credit demands and credit constraints with Probit model. It is found that entrepreneurial farmers have strong demand for formal financial credit,which is mainly production investment demand,but the formal financial credit constraint is obvious. Family size,cognition of loan procedures and conditions have a positive effect on entrepreneurial farmers' formal financial demand,while family per capita income,the distance between family location and the nearest formal financial organization,have negative influence. The relationship between householder'age and entrepreneurial farmers' successful formal loan presents inverted U shape,and educational level presents a negative correlation with successful loan. Compared with the traditional scale agricultural business,farmers engaged in other entrepreneurial businesses would get loan from formal financial institutions more difficultly. Understanding level of the loan procedures and conditions has a positive effect on successful loan. Compared with entrepreneurial farmers without employment,employed farmers are more likely to get loans. Statistically,householder' age and educational level,entrepreneurial business choices do not have significant effect on entrepreneurial households' formal financial credit demands. Family size,family per capital income,the distance between family location and the nearest formal financial organization,and the size of loan do not have significant influence on entrepreneurial households' successful loan. To get rid of formal financial credit constraints,we must implement the incremental reform of financial institutions,promote the formal finance of the villages and towns which can adapt to the farmers' financial demand,and create a good financial environment. Meanwhile,it is necessary to give impetus to innovation of financial management,products and services,reduce credit threshold,and adapt to the characteristics and demands of entrepreneurial households.

Financial Support for Farmers' Cooperative Organizations——A Case of Yunan Province,China

In the paper,the status quo of the development of farmers' cooperative organizations in Yunnan Province is introduced.And then a series of problems exist in the financial support of farmers' cooperatives in Yunnan is analyzed,covering the unitary mainstay of credit and loan supply;inadequate credit and loan supply caused by famers' lack of security and mortgage;farmers' difficulties in loaning from banks or other financial institutions;single financial service,which can not satisfy the demands of farmers;the private loans are active while lacks right direction and guide;the outflow of capital in rural areas has limited the development of rural economy.In view of the above mentioned problems,countermeasures and relevant suggestions are put forward,namely increasing the subjects of the loan and credit supply and expanding the financing channels.Therefore,the spheres of business of the Agricultural Development Bank of China should be expanded.Besides,the support from Agricultural Bank of China for rural construction should be strengthened and the major role played by rural credit cooperatives in rural finance should be enforced.In addition,the innovation of financial products should be highlighted;the appearance of private financing should be allowed;financial support from the government should be increased and the preferential policies for taxes and fees should be implemented.

The Relation between Financial Expenditure for Agriculture( FEA) and Per Capita Net Income of Farmers( PCIF):A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

Agricultural development is indispensible to financial support. On the basis of data of the financial expenditure for agriculture( FEA) and per capita net income of farmers( PCIF) of Jiangsu Province in 1990-2012,with the aid of software R,this paper established the linear regression model for the relation between financial expenditure for agriculture and per capita net income of farmers through the function lm. Using the function summary,this paper obtained the summary statistical data,and made diagnostic check of regression model from image command plot and variance analysis table. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations including increasing financial expenditure for agriculture,optimizing expenditure structure,and balancing regional development.

Social Capital,Financial Literacy and Lending Behaviour of Farmers with Different Incomes--Evidence Based on CHFS 2015 Data

Using microdata from the China Household Financial Survey Project(CHFS 2015),a negative binomial model is used to study the impact of social capital and financial literacy on the lending behavior of farmers with different incomes.The study found that the positive impact of social capital on the formal borrowing behavior of low-and middle-income farmers was significant,while the impact on informal borrowing behavior and both types of borrowing behavior of highincome farmers were not significant.Financial literacy has a significant positive effect on formal lending behavior only for high-income farmers.Financial literacy has a significant positive effect on formal lending behavior only for high-income farmers.

Empirical Analysis on Effect of Agricultural Financial Investment on Increase of Farmers' Income

On the basis of economic data from 1978 to 2006,the co-integration theory is applied to discuss the relation between agricultural financial investment and farmers' income.The statistic AR model is obtained.Then,it makes pulse response analysis in combination with principle of pulse response analysis.The regression results show that support in agricultural production,various agricultural operating expenses and three types of costs for agricultural science and technology are favorable to farmers' income,while expenditure in agricultural capital construction and rural relief costs hinder increase of farmers' income.The results of pulse response analysis indicate that the change in support of agricultural production and various agricultural operating expenses have positive impact on farmers' net income,and the impact is greater and greater from the second year;the response of expenditure in agricultural capital construction and rural relief cost is positive in the beginning and starts to fluctuate from the third year;the pulse response of three types of costs for agricultural science and technology is negative,lasts about five periods,and then turns to positive impact.Finally,combining characteristics of China's financial support for agriculture,it concludes that the scale,proportion and structure of financial support for agriculture are quite improper.

Current Situation of Information Demand of Farmers in Taihang Mountain Area: A Case Study of Pingshan County in Hebei Province

Since the reform and opening-up,economy of mountain areas in China has realized considerable development.However,due to such factors as terrain,traffic,and individual differences,compared with plain and coastal areas,mountain areas still lag far behind.In recent years,informationization construction of China develops rapidly,but it nearly stagnates in mountain rural areas.Information has become an essential factor restricting economic development of rural areas.Based on the survey of current information demand of farmers carried out in Pingshan County in Hebei Province in 2010,this study came up with relevant recommendations,in order to speed up development of rural economic in mountain areas,narrow the regional gap,improve living condition of farmers in mountain areas,and increase income level of farmers in mountain areas.

Demands of New Professional Farmers for Agricultural Leading Industry in Anhui Province

In the context of growing problems of part-time farming,farmers' aging and hollow rural areas,and increasing restrictive factors of new professional farmers,based on current situations of agricultural resources in Anhui Province,this paper studied feasibility of increasing new professional farmers from the perspectives of urbanization level,labor employment,population development trend,agricultural industrial development and talent demands,current situations of farmers' family management,and agricultural socialized service development trend.Based on decisions,planning,and related data issued by Anhui Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government,it analyzed and predicted demands of new professional farmers in Anhui Province by industries and types,in the hope of providing references for relevant researches.

Financial Management in New Types of Agricultural Businesses——A Case Study of Farmer's Cooperatives in Weixian County

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China( CPC),with the help of state policies,the new types of agricultural businesses have been flourishing. As one of the important forces of new types of agricultural businesses,the farmer's specialized cooperatives grow up rapidly in the development of the rural economy because of their characteristics which are consistent with the current rural economy. financial management is the core of the operation of farmer cooperatives,which directly affects the long-term sustainable development of cooperatives. Through the survey and analysis of the financial management of many farmers' cooperatives in Wei County,Hebei Province,this paper puts forward the deficiencies in the existing financial management of cooperatives. It also brings some reasonable suggestions to regulate and improve the financial management of cooperatives,in order to enhance the market competitiveness of farmers' cooperatives and realize better sustainable development of farmers' cooperatives.

Statistical Analysis of Small Holder Farmer Financial Exclusion: Case Study of Migori County, Kenya

There are estimated to be approximately 600 million small scale farmers globally, and they produce most of the food consumed, especially in the developing countries. The farmers, however, are often unable to obtain optimal crop yields due to their exclusion from the financial systems in their countries, which deem them too high risk to lend to. This results in the farmers being unable to afford optimal inputs into their farms, hence depressing their yields and the level of food security. This study aimed to statistically determine whether the small scale farmers of Migori County in Kenya are financially excluded or not, and to what extent. Data were collected from the farmers through a questionnaire survey, and subsequent statistical analysis has shown that indeed the small scale farmers of Migori are financially excluded to a large extent. Consideration of non-financial data in the farmers’ credit rating has been recommended as a way forward towards their financial inclusivity. This study provides scientific proof of smallholder farmer financial exclusion, which proof is generally difficult to find, especially in the developing countries.

The Problems of Coordinating Urban-rural Development of Chongqing City and Corresponding Measures of Financial System

The thesis researches urban-rural coordination which is incorporated into the framework of "agriculture,rural areas and farmers",and it focuses on farmers' human resources development,agricultural industrial adjustment,rural regional coordinated development and so on.The main problems existing in the process of coordinating urban-rural development of Chongqing City are discussed under the foregoing framework.We find that input and flow direction of capital deviating from "agriculture,rural areas and farmers" is the direct cause of insufficient rural educational input,insufficient agricultural input,and irrational rural input,while the fundamental reason lies in the irrational financial policy.Based on this,the measures of innovating upon financial policy and financial system are put forward.

政策支持下农业供给侧需求对新农人职业能力的作用机理研究

农业供给侧需求是新时代新经济环境下重要的社会活动,关系到民生福祉。农业供给侧结构性改革、供给体系质量提高、供给效率提升等与政府政策实施及新农人职业能力发展有着密不可分的联系。通过广泛调研、数据分析、计量验证、科学假设等各变量机理的研究,发现政策支持下的农业供给侧的主体性需求对新农人职业能力有显著的提升效果,对加速农村产业融合发展以及促进乡村农业振兴有积极的促进作用。

数字普惠金融助力农村共同富裕实现了吗?——基于数字金融能力和农户创业协同作用视角

共同富裕是中国式现代化的本质要求,实现总体富裕和共享富裕是实现共同富裕的要求。文章基于2015年、2017年和2019年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)农村微观数据和数字普惠金融指数,采用固定效应模型和面板门槛回归模型实证检验数字普惠金融对农村共同富裕的影响。研究发现:(1)数字普惠金融对区域农村经济发展具有促进作用,但仅有覆盖广度表现出对个体收入差距的缩小作用。数字普惠金融显著提升了农户进入中高收入群体的概率和低收入农户家庭收入水平,有利于促进共同富裕。(2)数字金融能力和农户创业会弱化调节数字普惠金融与共享富裕和总体富裕的正向关系。(3)数字普惠金融对农村共同富裕的影响存在双门槛效应。异质性结果表明,数字普惠金融对共享富裕的提升效果为东部>中部>西部;数字普惠金融对总体富裕的提升效果为中部>西部>东部。鉴于此,通过完善落后地区金融基础设施、提高低收入群体数字金融能力以及因地制宜制定区域数字普惠金融发展战略等措施助力共同富裕。

“一卡通” 惠民惠农财政补贴政策的农民满意度及其影响因素

从农民个体特征、家庭特征以及政策制定、宣传、内容、参与、效果等7个维度提出研究假设,依据湖南省759名农民调查数据,采用二元Logistics模型实证研究“一卡通”惠民惠农财政补贴政策的农民满意度及其影响因素。结果表明:对该政策表示满意的农民占比达到75.8%,农民满意度受到农民文化程度、数字素养、社情民意收集、政策宣传途径、政策价值取向、政策项目明细、政策反馈回应、政策反馈途径、系统便捷性、补贴及时性、补贴有用性、系统安全性等因素的影响。对此,应该聚焦农民个体特征与实际需求,以农民满不满意、高不高兴、赞不赞成作为检验政策成效的标尺,进一步优化政策设计、强化政策宣传、完善政策反馈、健全政策评价,促进“一卡通”惠民惠农财政补贴政策精准落地落实和切实保障广大农民群众权益。

中国的数字金融发展:理论机制、现实背景与政策建议

发展数字金融是做好五篇大文章的重要一环。首先,基于数字金融领域前沿文献,对中国数字金融高速增长现象进行了理论分析,将该现象的成因归结为金融压抑带来的巨大市场需求、企业家利用数字技术实施的流程创新和监管者相对包容的监管理念。随后,分析了近年来国内外形势变化给我国数字金融发展带来的需求增速放缓、技术瓶颈凸显和监管趋于严格等新课题,并立足新阶段新形势,提出了做好数字金融大文章的若干政策建议。

金融素养高的农户更愿意创业吗?——基于异质性信贷约束视角

基于14528个农户样本数据,实证分析了农户金融素养是否及如何影响其创业进入决策.研究发现:(1)金融素养对农户是否创业存在显著正向影响,金融素养水平较高的农户更愿意创业.(2)信贷约束在金融素养与农户创业决策间发挥中介作用.其中,需求型及供给型信贷约束均发挥中介作用,需求型信贷约束的中介作用贡献度更高,说明金融素养主要通过缓解需求型信贷约束促进农户创业.(3)与金融素养水平较低的农户相比,信贷约束对金融素养较高的农户创业决策抑制作用更显著.该文提出了着力农户金融教育、适当缓解供给型信贷约束、着重缓解需求型信贷约束、实施倾斜性信贷政策等建议.

战略需求导向下的资金集中管理模式变革研究——基于美的集团的纵向案例分析

基于美的集团纵向单案例,分析企业资金集中管理模式随战略需求变化而动态调整的实施效果。研究发现,从机会成长阶段—规模成长阶段—优化升级阶段,美的集团战略需求呈现出“异地扩张—产业扩张—国际化与多元化扩张”的变化态势,其资金集中管理模式经历了“结算中心异地结算模式—数据大集中模式—财务公司”的动态调整,资金集中管理模式对应职能也在动态调整中完成了“异地资金管理能力—跨业务协调能力—金融发展能力”的叠加。美的集团根据战略需求变化动态调整资金集中管理模式是资金集中管理活动成功的关键,这一研究发现对战略需求影响资金集中管理模式的理论解释提供了案例依据,也为集团企业的资金集中管理模式选择提供了启示。

扩大进口、消费需求与产业结构升级

进口是国内国际双循环的交汇点,扩大进口有助于夯实新发展格局的产业基础。基于2013—2021年省级面板数据,在理论分析的基础上,实证检验了扩大进口、消费需求与产业结构升级的内在关系。结果表明:整体而言,扩大进口战略能够显著促进产业结构升级,研究结论较为稳健;从经济发展和科技创新等角度看,扩大进口只对经济发展水平较高地区和科技发展水平较强地区的产业结构升级产生显著影响;优化消费结构和扩大消费规模是推动产业结构升级的重要途径;进一步进行调节效应检验后发现,金融发展在扩大进口助推产业结构升级的过程中具有正向调节作用,且对经济发展水平较高地区和科技发展水平较低地区的调节作用更强。根据研究结论,提出了相关对策建议。

数字普惠金融、财政补贴与农民农村共同富裕

文章基于2011—2021年中国30个省份的面板数据,采用基于固定效应的面板数据模型和调节效应模型探究数字普惠金融对农民农村共同富裕的影响及财政补贴的调节效应。研究结果表明,数字普惠金融可以赋能农民农村共同富裕,但这种赋能作用存在区域异质性,具体表现为,相较于中部和西部地区及北方地区,在东部地区与南方地区,数字普惠金融对农民农村共同富裕的赋能作用更强。调节效应检验结果表明,财政补贴在数字普惠金融赋能农民农村共同富裕的过程中发挥着正向调节作用。

数字乡村建设的驱动因素与路径选择——组态视角下的定性比较分析

根据北京大学新农村发展研究院发布的《县域数字乡村指数》,中国部分地区的乡村数字化指数偏低,区域间存在“数字鸿沟”现象,然而关于数字乡村发展影响因素的实证研究缺乏。为助力政府科学精准地驱动数字乡村发展、破解中国数字乡村发展不平衡不充分的矛盾,探索生成高水平数字乡村建设成效的具体路径。基于“社会-技术”理论框架,以《县域数字乡村指数(2020)》中28个省份为研究对象,采用模糊集定性比较分析方法,从社会、技术和外部环境3个层面分析数字乡村建设成效的影响机制和驱动路径,并通过条件组态充分性分析高水平数字乡村建设成效的实现路径。结果发现:与《县域数字乡村指数》总体结果一致,28个省份数字乡村建设成效差异明显,从东部、中部到西部依次呈现递减趋势;数字乡村发展本质上在于及时回应公众期望及诉求,实现政策服务供给与人民多元需求的相互匹配,其建设成效受到公共需求压力、社会舆论宣传、技术软实力、数字化服务能力、领导重视、财政支持等多维因素的共同作用,技术创新驱动型、综合协调联动型、社会压力响应型是其实现高水平建设成效的3条驱动路径。因此,中国进一步高质量发展数字乡村,要始终坚持以农民需求为中心的数字乡村发展导向,持续提升现代化信息技术应用能力,同时强化多种要素协同整合,并提升数字乡村建设的策略性。

乡村生态振兴的“新引擎”:新农人的绿色价值创造

乡村振兴离不开乡村生态振兴,乡村生态振兴离不开乡村绿色产业支撑。新农人作为乡村振兴战略中的“兴农人”,势必在农业绿色产业发展过程中发挥举足轻重的作用。该研究基于乡村生态振兴,考察新农人对绿色价值创造的积极影响,建构以新农人为自变量,绿色价值创造为因变量,生态唤醒和绿色联结为中介变量,消费者绿色需求为调节变量的机制模型,探讨新农人助推绿色价值创造的理论逻辑与经验证据。依据现行的量表开发逻辑进行新农人量表开发,从认同性、创新性、引领性、多元性4个方面界定新农人量表的测量标准,通过486份样本数据检验新农人量表的有效性。研究发现:①新农人的认同性、创新性、引领性、多元性对绿色价值创造具有积极影响。②生态唤醒和绿色联结在新农人的认同性、创新性、引领性、多元性影响绿色价值创造的过程中起到链式中介作用。③消费者绿色需求在新农人的认同性、创新性、引领性、多元性影响生态唤醒和绿色价值创造的过程中起到调节作用。研究结论表明新农人在农业农村绿色化转型过程中能够发挥先锋带头作用,生态唤醒和绿色联结是新农人进行绿色价值创造的内在动因,消费者绿色需求是倒逼新农人进行绿色价值创造的外在诱因。政府应充分发挥新农人在绿色价值创造过程中的重要作用,切实保障农业生态环境信息及时、有效、准确地传播和扩散给新农人,以唤醒新农人的生态意识,积极营造农业绿色发展的营商环境来为新农人进行绿色联结创造条件。