Empirical Analysis on Transfer and Limitation of Land Contractual Management Right

Existing laws have three limitations on transfer of land contractual management right. The survey of 506 farmer households in Zhejiang,Jiangxi and Guangxi provinces indicates that most farmers have the consistent knowledge of limitation on " transfer being approved by the party giving out the contract in advance" with legislative requirements,but it is not effectively implemented in actual operation. As to limitation on transferee,no matter in cognition of farmers,or in real transfer process,the transferee is not totally limited to farmers engaged in agricultural production and management. For the constraint that the transferor should have stable non-agricultural occupation or stable income source, most farmers agree,but more than half of the farmers have not confirmed the transfer action in practice.

The Transfer of Land Contractual Management Rights in Ethnic Village--A Case Study of Ya'ergou Village in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Based on field survey in Ya'ergou Village,Yuanzhou District,Guyuan City,the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,we analyze the status quo of the transfer of land contractual management rights in this village,and study the basic information,form,characteristics,and problems concerning the transfer of land contractual management rights in this nationality village.Then corresponding countermeasures are put forward for promoting the transfer of land contractual management rights in ethnic village as follows:strengthening the publicity of the policy in order to improve farmers' ideological understanding;raising the rent in order to promote the transfer of the land contractual management rights;diverting the governmental investment to the talented people within village;consolidating management and resolving disputes in the transfer timely and effectively.

Analysis on Mortgage of Farmland Contractual Management Right and Countermeasures

In recent years, a series of pilot projects in mortgage of farmland contractual management right have been carried out in some regions. However, there is considerable dispute over whether the farmland contractual management right can be mortgaged in the practice of China's legislation on land circulation. We firstly introduced current situations of mortgage of farmland contractual management right in China. Then, we analyzed existing problems in mortgage of farmland contractual management right. Finally, we put forward corresponding countermeasures and recommendations, to bring into full play land use efficiency, more rationally distribute land resource, and further promote development of rural economy.

Issues concerning Farmland Transfer in the Development of China's Agricultural Modernization——Based on the Survey of Farmers in 21 Townships of Sichuan Province

Based on the actual survey of 724 rural households in 21 townships of Sichuan Province,this article analyzes the basic information,basic characteristics and problems in current China's farmland transfer.The results show that the rural land contractual management right is relatively stable;in farmland transfer market,the degree of development of farmland transfer-out market is higher than that of farmland transfer-in market;at the same time,there are many problems,such as fragmentation of rural land resources allocation,incomplete land property rights system,too powerful land security function,single land transfer pattern and unsound transfer system.Corresponding countermeasures are put forward as follows:unifying urban and rural planning,and adjusting distribution pattern of rural land in concert with the course of urbanization;improving land property rights system,so that the farmers have the land contractual management right with real right tendency;strengthening the legal construction of land transfer,regulating the land transfer process,and guiding regularized and legalized development of land transfer;promoting farmers' cognitive level,and establishing the intermediary platform to provide land transfer information,ensuring information symmetry between both sides of transfer;providing more non-agricultural jobs,establishing and improving social security system for farmers,and diluting the social security function of land.

The Innovation and Plights of Farmland Property Rights System Reform in Chongqing Municipality

Based on the background of national urban and rural comprehensive reform pilot area and the introduction of the profiles of research region and the data obtained by on-the-spot interview survey,the innovative models of farmland property rights system reform in Chongqing are introduced by applying participatory rural appraisal methods and examples. The innovative models cover buying shares of contract management rights,transforming from farmers to townspeople and mortgaging contract management rights. The plights exist in the reform are analyzed,among which the plights of buying shares of contract management rights are introduced from the following five aspects:the conflict with the present land contract laws,the possible new round of massive scale land loses,the confounded functions of government and enterprise caused by risk transference and the difficulties of handling assets when the contract management rights expired. Besides,the plights of the transforming from rural residents to urban residents are analyzed from four aspects,which include the particularity of reform,high financial pressure,emergence of interbedded people and difficulties of payoff of village-based companies. From the facets of limited mortgage area,risks of reimbursing the loan,legal risks of mortgage. The results show that the stock purchasing model of contractual management rights reveals the capital value of land and the model is of theoretical and practical significance in law and economics. However,the social security system is not perfect,so the stock purchasing model of contractual management rights can not be expanded. In addition,the participation of more famers and the expansion of enterprises are limited as well. The land comprehensive reform model of transforming from rural residents to urban residents is of positive significance to the comprehensive exploration of farmland property system reform,but this kind of model should be supported by strong economy. The stock purchasing model of contractual management rights is of significance to perfect the contractual management rights,but it conflicts with the existing laws and financial systems.

农地二轮延包实施进路——基于贵州省XF县的调查研究

第二轮土地承包到期后农地顺利延包是促进乡村振兴之根本。当前我国第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年面临“有人无地种,有地无人种”与“保持农户承包地稳定”的现行政策相矛盾、无地少地农民以及“两头占”“两头空”“外嫁女”等特殊群体的利益处理这两大突出问题,制定具体农地延包方案迫在眉睫。基于贵州省XF县“第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年”试点的调研发现,二轮延包中存在着确权收尾工作难完成、延包主体资格难认定、土地细碎化难处理、延包协议难签订等困境。解决这些困境的实践逻辑为建立登记颁证机制、农户自愿有偿退出承包和未承包地管理机制、缺地少地农户承包地调整机制、矛盾纠纷化解机制、农地承包经营权长效管理机制。具体而言,农地二轮延包的实施路径包括:完成土地确权工作;化解延包矛盾纠纷;承包地退出、收回与管理;数字化赋能农地承包经营权长效管理;政府组织成立专班予以落实。

农地金融创新:破解新古典均衡理论困境的新思路

农地金融创新可激活农民承包土地的金融属性,将农民从固化的人地依附关系中解放出来实现永久性迁移,形成城乡劳动力、资本、土地等要素市场的联动,实现城乡要素收入均等化。农地金融创新不仅在理论上为破解新古典理论的困境提供新思路,实践上也是当前缩小我国城乡居民收入差距的重要抓手。未来实施农地金融创新,既要在理论上赋予流转经营权的用益物权属性,从而在实践上解决新型农业经营主体的融资难题,又要构建农地证券化二级市场,积极推行高级形式的农地金融创新业务。

健康、教育能促进农地经营权流转吗?——基于“三权分置”下转入视角

农地经营权有序流转是推动农业适度规模化经营的必由之路,对实现农业现代化发展具有重要意义。基于“三权分置”下转入视角,利用贵州省湄潭县、金沙县、息烽县与镇宁县4县490户农户的调查数据,运用二元Logit回归模型探讨健康、教育对农地经营权流转的影响。结果表明,农户身体健康状况越好越有利于农地经营权转入,农户受教育水平越高越不利于农地经营权转入。异质性检验表明上述结果的影响在拥有较高收入与农地流转时选择口头式契约的农户群体表现得更为明显。机制联动效应检验表明农户受教育水平对农地经营权转入具有抑制效应。因此,推动农地经营权有序转入不仅要积极引导农户养成良好的生活习惯、为农户创造美好的人居生活环境、健全农村医疗卫生体系以及完善农村医疗健康保险政策;且不应忽视对农村地区基础教育的投入;同时还要不断提升农户收入水平和加强农户之间声誉、信誉、信任等非正式制度的建设。

农民分化、地权诉求与土地承包经营权退出实践

农民是新型城镇化与乡村振兴主体,在推进土地承包经营权有偿退出过程中,应重视农民分化的经济社会基础,坚持以农民为主体的发展改革创新。基于湖北省土地承包经营权有偿退出改革试点的经验调查,分析改革试点实践过程中,农民、村集体、地方政府、工商资本等多主体间不同的实践逻辑。认识农民与土地经营关系变化基础上的生计分化所形塑的农民分化,基于农民与土地的关系,非农化家庭逐渐脱离土地和农业,半工半耕家庭以及纯农家庭仍对土地有一定依赖性,农民分化体现出差异性地权诉求。土地承包经营权退出实践缺乏对不同类型农户的识别机制,村集体难以适应土地承包经营权退出秩序。应加强农民分化识别机制研究,建立多元化退出模式,并强化土地集体所有权规则,维护土地承包经营权退出秩序,保障各类农户利益。

基于ArcGIS Engine的农田调查数据快速处理系统设计与实现

为实现农村土地承包经营权农田数据日常维护更新,快速处理农田外业调查数据,形成符合要求的数据库,本文基于ArcGIS Engine平台,使用C#语言,针对农村土地承包经营权数据日常维护更新的需求,结合Arcpy模块设计并实现了农田调查数据的构面、属性挂接、存储、成图等一系列调查数据快速处理系统,并选择外业实地采集的地块数据为例,经过验证,该方法能快速处理农村土地承包经营权日常更新数据,确实提高了生产效率。

牧区草地承包经营权流转及其对牧民生计的影响——以内蒙古草原牧区为例

牧区草地承包经营权流转,是伴随草原新三牧政策(休牧、禁牧、划区轮牧)实施、畜牧业增长方式转型、牧区产业结构调整、牧区剩余劳动力转移等过程集中出现,又事关牧区民生与构建和谐新牧区的一个崭新的重要研究命题。本研究阐明内蒙古牧区草地承包经营权流转现状与特征,指出伴随草地流转出现租赁期短、草畜平衡对草地流转限制等问题以及牧区草地流转动因与东中部土地流转不同、草地类型流转程度不同的特征。畜产品是牧民主要收入来源,草地流转价格低影响牧民增收、加大牧区剩余劳动力转移风险。在牧区调研的基础上,提出建立与完善草地承包经营权流转机制的政策建议。

东北粮食主产区农户主导型农村土地流转价格影响因素

分析各因素对农村土地流转价格的影响方向与作用强度可为确定土地承包经营权流转价格提供依据。该文以黑龙江省农村固定观察点14个村的转入方农户为样本,采用相关性分析和多元线性回归方法分别确定单因素与多因素对流转价格的影响,并对比分析各因素对高于均价组和低于均价组中流转价格的影响差异。结果表明:1)单因素对流转价格的影响分析中,耕地粮食产量对流转价格产生显著正向影响,是影响流转价格最重要的因素;2)多因素对流转价格的影响分析中,耕地粮食产量、村域经济发达程度、县域交通通达性、户主年龄对流转价格产生显著正向影响,县域人均GDP、与市中心距离对流转价格产生显著负向影响;3)对比各因素对高于均价组和低于均价组的影响,发现交通通达性、与市中心距离对高于均价组流转价格的影响方向与总样本一致,这些因素对低于均价组流转价格的影响方向与总样本相反。需明确耕地信息、了解地区经济与交通情况,为确定土地流转价格、完善农村土地流转市场创造条件。

土地承包经营权转让刍议

土地承包经营权在物权效力方面存在先天不足,其流转问题也存在二难悖论。对于土地承包经营权流转,应该以发展的眼光审视和解读问题,破除种种不合理的限制,使承包经营权由死水一潭变成汩汩活水。在配套制度方面,土地征收制度需要进一步严格化,土地调整制度应当废止。

土地承包经营权流转价格探讨——以河南省为例

通过对河南省农地流转市场的考察,针对土地承包经营权流转价格现状,提出目前的流转价格中存在流转价格形成机制不规范、价格影响因素复杂、影响粮食生产安全等诸多现实问题,认为土地承包经营权流转价格应由农用地的未来经济价值所决定,应该建立土地承包经营权流转的标定地价管理体系以进一步培育土地承包经营权流转市场。最后探讨了流转价格评估方法。

农地确权对中国农地经营权流转的效应分析——基于H省2009—2014年数据的实证分析

基于农户农地转出的视角,从生产激励、交易费用、交易价格以及农村要素市场联动等四个方面分析表明,农地确权对农地经营权流转的影响具有不确定性,其作用取决于传导因素所形成的综合影响。其中,农地转出边际收益曲线的变动受到生产激励和农村要素市场联动叠加效应的影响,而农地转出边际交易成本曲线的变动则取决于交易费用和交易价格的叠加效应。运用H省18市2009—2014年的数据实证分析表明,农地确权对农地经营权流转的促进和抑制作用并存。其中,土地承包经营权证书颁发率显著促进农地经营权流转,而土地承包合同发放率对农地经营权流转则存在显著的抑制作用。

农村土地承包经营权出租中存在的问题研究——以山西省武乡县3个村庄为例

运用个案研究的方法,通过对山西省武乡县西城村、坡底村、邵渠村的调研,从出租合约建立、合约履行、合约结束三个阶段对农村土地出租中存在的问题及其对农民生活的影响进行研究。发现土地定价标准不统一导致土地出租市场混乱,引发社会经济、环境问题;合约订立不规范,法律制度不健全导致违约风险较大,违约成本过低,违约现象普遍;土地出租权责划分不清导致后续问题的责任无法追究。进而提出了针对性的措施。

产权残缺:土地承包经营权流转的现实困境——基于山西太谷、左权的调查

通过对山西太谷、左权等地的调研,认为当前农村土地承包经营权存在缺失;土地承包经营权的不完全降低了农户投资的积极性和农地流转的价格,抬高了农地流转的交易成本,已经成为制约农地承包经营权流转的重要原因。并针对上述问题提出了相关建议。

土地承包经营权流转市场的问题与对策研究

我国土地承包经营权流转市场虽有企业法人和事业单位法人两种典型模式,但实际上两者均属于政府出资、政府经营、政府监管的"官办模式"范畴。土地承包经营权流转市场存在法律规范缺位、主体地位缺失、流转形式单一以及底层逻辑缺失等问题。应从完善法律规范、实现主体自治、拓宽流转形式以及加深社会认同等方面完善土地承包经营权流转市场。

农地承包经营权流转中农民生存权之法制保障

研究目的:以保护农民生存权为出发点来探寻农地承包经营权流转中的立法和司法保障方式。研究方法:实证分析法。研究结果:农村土地承包经营权的流转对农民而言是在不改变农地用途的前提下增加收益的有效途径,但是由于农民的相对弱势,规范和支持农地流转的相应法规没有及时配给,导致在单纯的农地流转市场自发调节下,农民的利益反而可能受到损害。研究结论:应以经济法视角来整合农地承包经营权流转中保障农民生存权的立法和司法措施。

重庆市燕坝村农地流转中的土地管理问题研究

研究目的:通过对重庆市燕坝村农地承包经营权流转中存在问题的研究,探讨土地流转情形下如何有效地管理农用土地。研究方法:文献资料法、访谈及田野调查法。研究结果:总结了重庆市燕坝村农地承包经营权流转的特点,分析了农地承包经营权流转中存在的问题。研究结论:合理推进农用地承包经营权流转需要开展村地籍调查,编制村级土地利用规划,还需探索土地流转新形式及保障措施。