Integration of association and computational methods reveals functional variants of LEPR gene for abdominal fat content in chickens

Leptin receptor(LEPR)plays a vital role in obesity in humans and animals.The objective of this study is to assess LEPR functional variants for chicken adipose deposition by integration of association and in-silico analysis using a unique chicken population,the Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content(NEAUHLF).Five online bioinformatics tools were used to predict the functionality of the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in coding region.Further,the possible structure–function relationship of high confidence SNPs was determined by bioinformatics analyses,including the conservation and stability analysis based on amino acid residues,prediction of protein ligand-binding sites,and the superposition of protein tertiary structure.Meanwhile,we analyzed the association between abdominal fat traits and 20 polymorphisms of chicken LEPR gene.The integrated results showed that rs731962924(N867I)and rs13684622(C1002R)could lead to striking changes in the structure and function of proteins,of which rs13684622(C1002R)was significantly associated with abdominal fat weight(AFW,P=0.0413)and abdominal fat percentage(AFP,P=0.0260)in chickens.Therefore,we are of the opinion that rs13684622(C1002R)may be an essential functional SNP affecting chicken abdominal fat deposition,and potentially applied to improvement of broiler abdominal fat in molecular marker-assisted selection(MAS)program.Additionally,the coupling of association with computer electronic predictive analysis provides a new avenue to identify important molecular markers for breeders.

The Relationship Between Fat Content and Biological Parameters of Bigeye Tuna(Thunnus obseus) in the Western Central Indian Ocean

Comparing fat content with physiological status can throw light on the reproduction and feeding behavior of the fish. The biological data of 586 bigeye tuna were collected from the longline fishery in the waters of Western Central Indian Ocean from November, 2012 to March, 2013. The spatial or temporal distribution of the fat content, and the relationships of fat content with gender, round weight, gonadal maturity and fork length were analyzed. A generalized additive model(GAM) was used to analyze the relationships between fat content and fork length(FL), gonadosomatic index(GSI), condition factor(K), and somatic index(SI). Results showed that: 1) the fat content of bigeye tuna was in the range of 3.1%–27.1% with the average 12.8%; 2) there were no significant geographical differences of average fat content(P > 0.05) among 1? squares in general; 3) there were no significant differences(P > 0.05) of the fat content for different genders, months, or gonad maturity stages; 4) there was an extremely significant correlation(P = 0.000) between fat content and FL and GSI. There was no significant correlation(P = 0.051) between fat content and K. There was a significant correlation(P = 0.003) between fat content and SI. The results of this study suggest that the fat content of the matured fish was relatively stable. The survey area was in a spawning region, and the survey period was the spawning season for bigeye tuna.

Comparison on Two Different Instrumental Methods for Determination of Fat Content in Washed Cashmere

The aim of this study was to compare two different instrumental methods for determination of fat content in washed cashmere. The fat content in washed cashmere was determined using Soxhlet fat extraction unit and fiber grease extractor quickly, respectively. The results show that no significant difference was found between these two instrumental methods, and reliability of fiber grease extractor quickly was confirmed for deter- mination of fat content in washed cashmere. Therefore, the fiber grease extractor quickly can meet current standard for determination of fat content in washed cashmere.

Monthly variation in the fat content of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in the Yellow Sea: implications for acoustic abundance estimation

Anchovy is a key species in the Yellow Sea ecosystem. An accurate estimate of anchovy abundance is vital for the management of the anchovy stock and measurement of the ecosystem response to changes in anchovy abundance. However, the acoustic fish abundance estimate may be biased by 30%-40% if the fat-content induced target strength variation is not taken into account. We measured the monthly variation in the fat content of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in the Yellow Sea, and evaluated the potential effect of variation in fat content on the acoustic assessment of anchovy abundance. The fat content of anchovy varied seasonally, with two maxima and two minima in a year. The highest fat content (14.75%) was measured in the pre-spawning period in May, and the lowest fat content (2.48%) was measured during the post-spawning period in October. Fat content appeared to correlate with water content, but not body size. Assuming that the target strength is decreased by 0.2dB for every 1% increase in fat content, the seasonal difference in the target strength of anchovy may be as high as 2.45 dB. Given this, the acoustic abundance estimate may be biased by between 43% and 76%. Our results highlight the need for more information on the changes in fat content of fishes whose abundance is estimated by acoustic surveys.

Noninvasive Quantitative Detection Methods of Liver Fat Content in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)ranges from simple steatosis to NAFLD-related liver cirrhosis and is a main cause of chronic liver diseases.Patients with nonalcoholic steatohe-patitis and fibrosis are at a great risk of the progression to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma,both of which are tightly associated with liver-related mortality.Liver biopsy is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of NAFLD,but some defects,such as serious complications,sampling error and variability in histologic evaluation among pathologists,remain problematic.Therefore,noninvasive,repeatable and accurate diagnostic methods are urgently needed.Ultrasonography is a well-established and lower-cost imaging technique for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis,especially suitable for population census,but limited by its low sensitivity to diagnose mild steatosis and being highly operator-dependent.Computed tomography also lacks the sensitivity to detect mild steatosis and small changes in fat content,and presents a potential radiation hazard.Controlled attenuation parameter based on the FibroScan?technology is a promising tool for noninvasive semiquantita-tive assessment of liver fat content,but the accuracy rate de-pends on the operator's expertise and is affected by age,width of the intercostal space,skin capsular distance and body mass index.Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy are regarded as the most accurate quantitative methods for measuring liver fat content in clinical practice,especially for longitudinal follow up of NAFLD patients.In this review,we mainly introduce the current imaging methods that are in use for evaluation of liver fat content and we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Quantification of liver fat deposition in obese and diabetic patients:A pilot study on the correlation with myocardium and periapical fat content

Backgroud and aim:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a worldwide health problem,which associated with systemic health problems and causes a higher risk of all-cause mortality.The leading causes of death in NAFLD patients are cardiac complications followed by NAFLD-related liver complications.This study aimed to quantitatively measure the contents of liver and cardiac fat with varying degrees of NAFLD in an obese group and a type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)group to explore differences and correlations.Materials and methods:This study included 170 patients who underwent echo asymmetry and least square estimation-iron quantification sequencing at 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging.Fat fraction values were quantitatively measured in regions of interest of the liver,myocardium,and periapical adipose tissue.Results:In both the obese and T2DM groups,cardiac fat content was correlated with liver fat content using linear regression(P<0.01).For both the obese and T2DM groups,myocardial fat was higher in the T2DM group than that in the obese group(ventricular septum,3.33%±1.40%vs.2.51%±0.88%;the left ventricle,3.38%±1.43%vs.2.26%±0.87%).For the T2DM group,the different myocardial fat contents and myocardial enzymes were positively correlated with fatty liver severity by multiple comparisons of different degrees of NAFLD(P<0.05).Periapical fat was statistically significant only between mild fatty and normal liver(obese group,P<0.01;T2DM group,P¼0.01).Conclusion:T2DM patients with fatty liver had higher myocardial fat content than obese patients with fatty liver,and both had a linear relationship.Periapical fat is an index for liver fat deposition in patients.The myocardial fat contents in T2DM patients with an increase in the liver fat content,which would influence cardiac function,should be given more attention in clinic.

Correlation between fat content and features of generative growth of arabesque greenling Pleurogrammus azonus

Objective:To determine the correlation between fat content and features of generative growth of arabesque greenling Pleurogrammus azonus.Methods:The samples were collected by bottom trawl during trawl surveys of research vessel MRS-055 conducted by TINRO-Center in Peter the Great Bay(Sea of Japan).A total of 332 individuals of arabesque greenling were analyzed.Fat content was determined by the standard method of extraction by sulfuric ether from the dry rest.Results:The most part of deposit fat of arabesque greenling is concentrated in muscles and hypodermis:86.2%-97.0%(mean value 92.3%)of the total deposited fat mass.The liver fat was 1.1%-7.7%(mean value 4.8%)and the internal fat was 0.9%-5.2%(mean value 2.8%)of the total mass.Decreasing of the muscles fat was observed at sudden changes of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sexual products,and for immature fish the relation between accumulation of fat in muscles and generative growth was not found.Conclusions:Dynamics of fat in liver corresponds closely with the processes of generative growth,and increasing of gonads weight causes decreasing of liver fat content,both for mature and immature fish.

Effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients on endogenous loss of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs

Background: Determination of the endogenous loss of fat(ELF) is used to adjust for the estimation of true total tract digestibility(TTTD) of fat in diets and ingredients.Any factor which affected ELF may further affect the digestibility of fat,including sources and concentrations of fat and fiber in the diet.There are some reports of determining the ELF using regression methods based on different levels of fat intake,while reports on effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients in pig diets on ELF are very limited.Therefore,the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary fiber content and different fiber-rich ingredients on endogenous losses of fat and fatty acids at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs.Methods: In Exp.1,the effect of fiber content on endogenous loss of fat was determined using six growing pigs(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire;27.6 ± 2.4 kg),fitted with a T-cannula at the end of ileum.The experimental design was a 6 × 6 complete Latin square design with six periods of feeding and six diets.The six experimental fat-free diets were formulated to include graded levels of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(0,40,80,120,160 and 200 g/kg) and soybean hull(SH) was the only fiber source,providing 0,75,150,225,300 and 375 g/kg,respectively.Chromic oxide was included at4 g/kg in all diets as an indigestible marker.In Exp.2,six crossbred growing barrows(27.6 ± 1.6 kg) were used and the experimental design was the same as for Exp.1.The six fat-free diets were formulated to include six common fiber-rich ingredients and the concentration of NDF was 100 g/kg.The six fiber-rich ingredients were defatted rice bran(DRB),sugar beet pulp(SBP),rice hull(RH),corn germ meal(CGM),SH and wheat bran(WB) and they were fed at represented250,270,145,250,170 and 280 g/kg in the diet,respectively.Results: In Exp.1,the endogenous loss of fatty acids profile did not change as dietary NDF increased in growing pigs.The endogenous losses of fat,C16:0,C18:0,C18:1,C18:2,total unsaturated fatty acids(UFA) and total saturated fatty acids(SFA) in growing pigs at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract increased linearly as NDF content of diets increased.The endogenous losses of fat,as well as C16:0 and C18:0 throughout the entire intestinal tract also increased quadratically as NDF content of diets increased.The ELF increased from 0.71 to 3.14 g/kg of dry matter intake(DMI) and 0.56 to 8.21 g/kg DMI at the end of ileum and throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs,respectively.The ELF occurred in the hindgut except for the growing pigs fed 0 and 4% NDF in their diets.The endogenous losses of C16:0 and UFA occurred primarily in the upper regions of the gut and the greatest endogenous losses of C18:0 occurred in the hindgut.The endogenous losses of fat,individual SFA and total SFA throughout the entire intestinal tract were much greater than that at the end of ileum.However,the endogenous losses of individual UFA and total UFA were less throughout the intestinal tract than at the end of ileum.In Exp.2,the endogenous losses of fat at the end of ileum were greater in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets.The endogenous loss of fatty acids profile changed to a slight degree at the end of ileum that the endogenous loss of UFA(particularly C18:1 and C18:2) in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets were greater(P < 0.01) than that for the other four diets.The greatest(P < 0.01) endogenous loss of SFA(particularly C18:0) was in growing pigs fed the RH diet.The endogenous losses of fat,C16:0,C18:0 and SFA over the entire intestinal tract were much greater in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets,whereas the lowest values were in growing pigs fed DRB diet.The ELF at the end of ileum in growing pigs fed CGM or WB diets were 3.50 or 4.17 g/kg DMI,respectively,and the ELF over the entire intestinal tract was 7.23 or 7.38 g/kg DMI.The contribution in percentage of ELF in the upper gut was greater than that in the hindgut of growing pigs fed DRB and RH diets,while the ELF in the upper gut and hindgut were equal in growing pigs fed SBP,CGM and WB diets.On the whole,the endogenous losses of C18:1 and C18:2 throughout the entire intestinal tract in growing pigs fed the six fiber-rich ingredients diets were less than losses at the end of ileum,whereas the endogenous loss of fat,C16:0,C18:0 and SFA were greater throughout the intestinal tract than at the end of ileum.Conclusion: The profile of loss in endogenous fatty acids did not change as dietary NDF increased in growing pigs and the endogenous losses of fatty acids(C16:0,C18:0,C18:1 and C18:2) fat,UFA and SFA increased linearly as NDF content increased in the diets of pigs.The endogenous losses of fat or fatty acids at the end of ileum were greater in growing pigs fed RH,CGM or WB diets.The endogenous losses of fat,fatty acids(C16:0 and C18:0) and SFA were greater over the entire intestinal tract in pigs fed CGM or WB diet,while these values were the lowest in growing pigs fed the DRB diet.The contribution in percentage losses of fat in the upper gut were greater than in the hindgut of growing pigs fed DRB and RH diets,while the contribution of losses of fat in the upper gut and hindgut were equal in growing pigs fed SBP,CGM and WB diets.In addition,the endogenous loss of individual or total UFA was less over the entire intestinal tract of growing pigs fed fiber diets than that at the end of ileum,and the greatest endogenous losses of fat,individual or total SFA were over the entire intestinal tract.Therefore,differences in fiber content and the nature of fiber-rich ingredients in diets of pigs have different effects to the endogenous losses of fat or fatty acids.Considering the requirement of fat or fatty acids of pigs,careful attention must be paid that the endogenous losses of fat and fatty acids when fiber ingredients are used in diets of pigs.

HIGH-FAT-DIET INDUCED OBESITY IN RATS AND EFFECTS OF ENDURANCE TRAINING ON THE BODY FAT CONTENT OF OBESE RATS

To study the high-fat-diet induced rat obesity and the of fect of endurance training on the body fat content of obese rats, we randomly divided 66 male weanling SD rats into control(16 rats) and high fat diet group(50 rats). After 10 weeks, we chose diet-induced obese rats(DIO, 26 rats) and divided them into endurance training group(DIO-T, 8 rats) and DIO groups(DIO, 18 rats) randomly. Aner 8 weeks, endurance training, all rats were killed. The results showed that nosignificant difference was found between groups in body weight, the feed efficiency of DIO groups was higher than control groups, tke carass fat con tent of DIO-T group was significantlylower than DIO group, and plasma insulin concentration of DIO group was higher than control and DIO-T groups. It was suggested that rats’ obesity was induced obesity by high fat diet, dietary obesity had relation to higher eding efficiency and hyperinsulinemia. Endurance training can effectively reduce the body fat content of high-fat-diet induced obese rats by improving its hyper-insulinemia. Plasma TCH and TG of all rats had no significant difference.

达格列净对2型糖尿病病人肝脏脂肪含量及胱抑素C的影响

目的:比较使用达格列净+二甲双胍联合用药与单纯使用二甲双胍治疗对2型糖尿病病人肝脏脂肪含量(LFC)和胱抑素C(Cys C)水平的影响。方法:选取住院病人121例,按照治疗方案不同分为二甲双胍治疗组(甲组,n=51)和二甲双胍联合达格列净治疗组(乙组,n=70),所有病人均连续稳定使用上述治疗方案达半年以上,利用氢质子磁共振波谱法检测LFC,血清Cys C水平使用免疫比浊法进行检测,收集病人的一般人口学资料及实验室检测指标数据。分析不同实验室指标与LFC的关联,探讨不同治疗方式及其他实验指标对LFC和Cys C的影响。结果:2组病人的年龄、性别构成比、患病时长和体质量指数(BMI)的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与甲组相比,乙组病人的LFC、血清Cys C水平、总胆固醇(TC)均明显降低(P<0.05~P<0.01),但三酰甘油(TG)和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)均升高(P<0.05);甲组的非酒精性脂肪肝(90.2%)比例高于乙组(30.0%)(P<0.01);相关分析结果发现,BMI、空腹血糖(FBG)和Cys C均与LFC存在关联(P<0.05~P<0.01)。以LFC为因变量,BMI、FBG、Cys C、病程、TC、TG和药物治疗作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,发现与甲组相比,乙组可降低0.440个单位的LFC(P<0.01);同时以Cys C为因变量,BMI、FBG、LFC、病程、TC、TG和药物治疗作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,与甲组相比,乙组联合用药能够降低0.689个单位的血清Cys C(P<0.01)。结论:二甲双胍联合达格列净能有效降低2型糖尿病病人LFC、血清Cys C水平,是LFC、血清Cys C的重要影响因素。

不同EMS处理时间对大豆诱变后代主要品质含量变化影响分析

为探究不同EMS处理时间对大豆诱变后代主要品质含量变化的影响,文章利用0.5%EMS溶液处理大豆高蛋白品系公交1057-1,分别浸泡4、7和10 h(清水冲洗处理为对照),对播种后获得的连续4代诱变后代主要品质含量变化进行分析。结果表明,与对照相较,经EMS处理后的植株成活率随处理时间延长而降低。其中,经EMS-4处理后的植株成活率最高,为43.5%;经EMS-10处理后的植株成活率最低,仅为16.0%。不同EMS处理时间对大豆诱变后代的蛋白质含量影响显著,对脂肪含量影响不明显。其中经EMS-4处理的诱变后代蛋白质含量高于其他3组处理;经EMS-4处理后的M2代蛋白质含量发生显著分离,并出现超亲个体,脂肪含量变化不显著。

一种基于改进的XGBoosting算法对婴幼儿奶粉中的脂肪含量的预测模型

婴儿奶粉成分配比中,脂肪有着重要地位。脂肪不仅是婴儿生长发育中的重要成分,同时也为婴儿的生长提供必需的能量,对于婴儿脑发育及神经髓鞘的形成具有重要意义。化学的婴儿奶粉脂肪含量检测如乙醚提取法,方法检测灵敏,但存在破坏样本和检测周期较长的缺点,因此寻求一种为婴儿奶粉成分的无损检测方法,高光谱成像技术提供了一种可能的途径。以内蒙古地区不同阶段的婴儿奶粉为研究对象,采用多元散射校正(MSC)、标准正态变换(SNV)、平滑滤波算法(Savitzky-Golay)、鲁斯特算法(Roust)等对高光谱数据进行预处理,再利用竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)算法从125个特征波长中筛除光谱数据中冗余的波长保留有效波长66个。对极值梯度提升算法(XGBoosting)算法进行了贝叶斯优化(BO),最终构建了基于BO-XGBoosting对婴儿奶粉脂肪含量的预测模型。结果显示,该模型预测效果优于传统的偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)和支持向量回归(SVR)模型,且优于集成算法中Bagging、GrdientBoosting算法。贝叶斯优化极值梯度提升算法BO-XGBoosting模型在测试集实验,得到的决定系数(R^(2))和均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.9537和0.5773,比XGBoosting算法的R^(2)和RMSEP分别提高2.91%和降低19.2%。该研究为奶粉中脂肪含量的预测提供了基于BO-XGboosting集成算法的快速无损检测的算法支持和理论依据。

大豆遗传图谱构建及粗脂肪含量QTL定位

大豆是我国重要的粮油作物,提高其粗脂肪含量是我国大豆育种的重要目标.以长江春2号与渝蜀鲜2号杂交的F 2代186株单株为定位群体,在实验室前期构建的遗传图谱基础上进行标记加密,利用Joinmap 4.0软件进行遗传连锁分析,构建了包含480个标记的大豆遗传图谱,总长度为2469.3 cM,标记间平均距离为5.14 cM.结合大豆在2021年重庆、2022年重庆、2022年云南和2023年重庆4个环境下的粗脂肪含量表型数据,通过区间作图(Interval Mapping,IM)检测相应性状的数量性状位点(Quantitative Trait Locus,QTL).在4个环境中共检测到21个与粗脂肪含量相关的QTLs,分布在16个连锁群上,其中,有3个QTLs(qOIL01.1,qOIL04.1和qOIL14.2)在两个环境中均能检测到.

3.0T MRS与FATSAT对胰腺脂肪含量定量分析的可行性研究

目的探讨3.0T磁共振波谱测量技术(MR spectroscopy,MRS)与频率选择脂肪预饱和技术(fat saturation,FATSAT)对胰腺脂肪含量定量分析的可行性。方法对35例健康志愿者胰腺行双回波同去相位磁共振成像(in-phase and out-of-phase,IP/OP),MRS、FATSAT序列扫描,测量胰腺脂肪含量(fat content,FC),以IP/OP法测得值为标准进行相关性分析。结果IP/OP、FATSAT及MRS 3种方法测得35例志愿者胰腺平均脂肪含量分别为(8.2±2.0)%、(11.8±4.7)%及(8.8±4.6)%,MRS与IP/OP之间呈正相关(r=0.809,P<0.001),FATSAT与IP/OP之间无相关性(r=0.311,P=0.069)。结论在3.0T磁共振成像系统下,MRS对于胰腺脂肪的定量分析是可行的,而FATSAT不适用于胰腺脂肪的定量分析。

Revolution CT剂量匹配技术对肝脏脂肪含量测量值的影响

目的:探讨基于剂量匹配的个体化低管电流扫描对定量CT(QCT)肝脏脂肪含量测量及图像质量的影响。方法:前瞻性将2022年2月-12月在本院接受胸部及上腹部CT扫描的253例患者纳入研究。对两次扫描重叠部分的肝脏进行对照研究。胸部扫描采用个体化低剂量扫描(A组),管电压120 kVp,管电流采用Smart mA技术,通过手动调整噪声指数(NI)降低管电流,使其辐射剂量等同于基于Auto-prescription技术推荐的80 kVp或100 kVp的辐射剂量,分别记为A1组和A2组。上腹部为常规120 kVp扫描(B组),与A组对应分为B1、B2组。扫描完成后对A组图像分别采用40%、60%和80%权重后置ASIR-V进行图像重建。分别测量每组图像上胸部及上腹部扫描时肝脏重叠部位的CT值及其SD值和肝脏脂肪含量体积百分比(Fat%QCT),以同层面两侧竖脊肌作为背景组织,计算肝实质的SNR和CNR。由两位观察者分别采用5分法评估各组胸部图像的图像质量。采用配对样本t检验比较A、B组之间肝脏的Fat%QCT、CT值及其SD值、SNR和CNR及辐射剂量的差异。采用Bland-Altman分析评估胸腹部图像上测量的Fat%QCT值的一致性。两位放射科医师对图像质量主观评分的一致性及差异分别采用Kappa检验和Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果:A组内不同权重ASIR-V图像上测量的Fat%QCT值的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A、B组之间肝脏的CT值和Fat%QCT值的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组后置60%ASIR-V图像上肝脏的SNR和CNR高于B组,但图像质量主观评分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:以Auto-prescription技术推荐的辐射剂量为参考,通过剂量匹配,在常规120 kVp时通过改变管电流的方法来降低辐射剂量,对QCT肝脏脂肪含量的测量无显著影响,且不同权重后置ASIR-V对QCT肝脏脂肪含量的测量无影响。

油莎豆油基低饱和人造奶油的制备及其在面包中的应用

为充分利用油莎豆油及改善人造奶油的营养品质,以油莎豆油和棕榈硬脂为原料制备人造奶油,与5种市售人造奶油的理化性质进行对比分析,并将其应用到面包制作中。结果表明:自制人造奶油的熔点(33.51℃)在5种市售人造奶油的熔点范围内(32.33~45.43℃),且满足LS/T 3217—1987标准要求;自制人造奶油具有较好的延展性、抗渗油能力以及良好的口融性,同时拥有较低的饱和脂肪酸含量(<40%)、动脉粥样硬化指数(0.56)和血栓形成指数(1.15);与市售人造奶油相比,自制人造奶油具有较多的β′晶型以及较好的热性质;添加自制人造奶油的面包,具有较低的烘焙损失率、较大的比容和较好的感官评分。综上,自制人造奶油具有良好的发展潜力,有望代替市售人造奶油应用到面包、饼干、甜点等焙烤领域。

全直肠系膜切除术后吻合口瘘患者腹部成分特征分析

目的探讨直肠癌切除术后患者腹部成分与吻合口瘘发生的关系。方法选择2012年1月至2023年6月接受直肠前切除术的3109例直肠癌患者临床资料。将全部吻合口瘘患者作为吻合口瘘组,并按照与吻合口瘘患者性别相同、年龄差≤1岁、BMI≤1 kg/m 2但未发生吻合口瘘的条件进行1∶2匹配,作为对照组。收集患者一般资料和术前CT检查。通过Slice-O-Matic软件在CT平扫图像的第三腰椎(L3)平面的下边缘进行测量皮下脂肪面积、皮下脂肪厚度、骨骼肌面积、骨骼肌指数、内脏脂肪面积、腹腔前后径和腹腔横径。使用1∶2匹配的条件Logistic回归分析分析发生吻合口瘘的独立危险因素。利用R语言软件使用随机森林法探讨腹部成分相关参数对吻合口瘘发生的影响。结果共纳入吻合口瘘组76例,对照组152例。与对照组相比,吻合口瘘组患者的手术时间更长(P<0.001),术前血红蛋白(P<0.001)和白蛋白(P<0.001)水平更低,肿瘤直径更大(P<0.001),Dukes分期中C级比例更高(P<0.001)。吻合口瘘组患者的内脏脂肪面积较大(P<0.001),腹腔前后径较小(P<0.001),腹腔横径较小(P=0.001)。使用随机森林法分析结果可见腹腔横径、腹腔前后径和内脏脂肪面积是吻合口瘘形成的3个最重要的特征。多因素Logistic回归分析可见内脏脂肪面积增加(OR=1.035,P=0.014)是吻合口瘘发生的危险因素,而腹腔前后径较大(OR=0.956,P=0.039)、腹腔横径较大(OR=0.912,P=0.020)是发生吻合口瘘的保护因素。此外,肿瘤直径大,Dukes分期为B、C期为发生吻合口瘘的危险因素,而术前高水平白蛋白为保护因素(P均<0.05)。结论内脏脂肪含量高,腹部结构狭窄的直肠癌患者术后发生吻合口瘘风险较高。

利拉鲁肽治疗NAFLD的疗效与安全性系统评价

目的:系统评价利拉鲁肽治疗NAFLD的疗效和安全性。方法:检索和筛选中外文文献数据库的相关文献进行meta分析。结果:共纳入15篇文献,共924例患者。结果显示利拉鲁肽不能有效提高NAFLD的治愈率。与对照组相比,经利拉鲁肽治疗后,NAFLD患者肝脂肪含量、肝纤维化评分和血清ALT水平明显下降,具有统计学意义;血清AST和γ-GGT的变化与对照组无明显差异。胃肠道不良反应的发生率在利拉鲁肽和对照组之间无统计学差异。结论:利拉鲁肽能够降低NAFLD患者的肝脏脂肪含量,改善肝纤维化水平,且患者对利拉鲁肽的胃肠道不良反应有较好的耐受性。

Skeletal muscle loss is associated with diabetes in middle-aged and older Chinese men without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle,a key insulin target organ,has been reported to be associated with diabetes mellitus(DM).Compared to non-diabetic patients,diabetic patients have decreased muscle mass and a higher prevalence of sarcopenia,and patients with sarcopenia may be at increased risk of developing diabetes.In individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),sarcopenia is associated with the severity of fibrosis and steatosis.Previous studies have demonstrated that NAFLD is strongly associated with DM and sarcopenia.AIM To determine the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and DM in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men,and whether the association is affected by NAFLD.METHODS Skeletal muscle mass was calculated as appendicular skeletal muscle mass(ASM)in kg/body weight×100%.Liver fat content(LFC)was measured using a quantitative ultrasound method.RESULTS As the ASM decreased,fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-h postprandial blood glucose(2hBG),and LFC increased in both genders,as did the prevalence of DM and NAFLD.Spearman analysis showed that the ASM was negatively correlated with the FBG,2hBG,and LFC.Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustments,the ASM quartile was negatively associated with the presence of DM in males,but not in females.Subgroup analysis showed that the ASM quartiles remained negatively correlated with the presence of DM in the non-NAFLD population(including males and females),but no correlation was found between ASM quartiles and the presence of DM in the NAFLD population.When stratified by LFC quartiles,ASM was negatively correlated with the presence of DM in the first and second LFC quartiles in males.CONCLUSION Skeletal muscle mass loss was shown to be associated with the presence of DM in males,but not in females;NAFLD weakens this association.The results suggested that the stratified management of diabetes mellitus should be considered according to skeletal muscle mass and NAFLD.

初始脂肪含量对超高温灭菌牛奶贮存品质变化及货架期的影响

该文旨在研究初始脂肪含量、贮存温度对超高温灭菌(ultra high temperature sterilized,UHT)牛奶贮存期间的品质变化及货架期影响规律。对23、30、37℃无光照贮存过程中不同初始脂肪含量UHT纯牛奶的色泽、蛋白水解度、羰基含量进行分析,比较各指标对感官评分的Pearson系数,应用Arrhenius方程等建立货架期预测模型。随着贮存时间的延长、贮存温度的升高,样品的褐变指数、蛋白水解度、羰基含量均随之提高,而感官评分值降低;将感官评分和其他指标进行Pearson相关性分析筛选出褐变指数作为反映其品质变化的关键指标,建立基于初始脂肪含量和贮存温度影响的货架期预测模型,模型预测值与实际货架期验证比较,相对误差小于10%。所建预测模型可有效预测无光照下不同初始脂肪含量UHT牛奶货架期。