The discrimination against nutritional fat emulsion injections was considered by imaging tools,which aims to elucidate the in vivo behaviors of nanoemulsions.In this study,20%nutritional fat emulsion injections were s...The discrimination against nutritional fat emulsion injections was considered by imaging tools,which aims to elucidate the in vivo behaviors of nanoemulsions.In this study,20%nutritional fat emulsion injections were selected from different company including original and generic products.Meanwhile,a water quenching fluorescent probe(P2)was used to label them by an incubation method.The fluorescent intensity analysis of blood-borne fluorescence reveals rapid clearance of nanoemulsion in all groups,which shows'L'-type blood kinetic profiles.However,these kinetic parameters do not have significant difference.Following intravenous administration,the nanoemulsions in all groups concomitantly accumulated in organs of reticulo-endothelial system(RES),such as liver and spleen,and were cleared from body circulation mostly after 12 h.AUC(0-t)of organs from different groups showed dissimilar results in some organs.These intuitional results are of significance in understa nding the in vivo behaviors of nanoemulsions,which can provide a new way to discriminate against nutritional fat emulsions.展开更多
Intravenous infusion of fat emulsion as a compo-nent of total parenteral nutrition(TPN)is well estab-lished clinical practice to provide a utilizable energysource and to prevent essential fatty acid deficicncy.Traditi...Intravenous infusion of fat emulsion as a compo-nent of total parenteral nutrition(TPN)is well estab-lished clinical practice to provide a utilizable energysource and to prevent essential fatty acid deficicncy.Traditionally fat emulsions have been prepared usinglong chain triglycerides(LCT)derived from soy beanoil and egg yolk phospholipids.Medium chain triglycerides(MCT)have a rolein enteral nutrition as the result of greater solubilitythan LCT,more rapid absorption directly into Plas-ma,lack of requirement for carnitine to enter mito-chondria and more rapid oxidation than LCT Intra-venous MCT may be provided as mixtures with LCTor as structured lipid in which individual triglyceridescontain both medium and long chain fatty acids,Aswith LCT,intravenous infusion of MCT is followedby formation of a lipoprotein Particle by combinationlwith apocii.MCT must therefore compete with LCTfor hydrolytic sites on lipoprotein lipase.Both in-creased and decreased Plasma clearance rates forMCT/LCT emulsions compared展开更多
BACKGROUND： It is known that intravenous anesthetic etomidate fat emulsion has cerebral protection. Now many scholars focus on the research of its cerebral protection from molecular biology, but the mechanism of cere...BACKGROUND： It is known that intravenous anesthetic etomidate fat emulsion has cerebral protection. Now many scholars focus on the research of its cerebral protection from molecular biology, but the mechanism of cerebral protection is still fully unclear. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of etomidate fat emulsion on the [Ca^2＋]i in hippocampal neurons during the transient cerebral ischemia injury in rats. DESIGN： Randomized controlled observation. SETTING： Weifang Medical College. MATERIALS： This study was carried out in the functional laboratory of Weifang Medical College between October 2005 and March 2006. Twenty-four male healthy Wistar rats, aged 3 to 4 months, were involved. Etomidate fat emulsion was provided by the limited company of En-hua Medical Bloc in Jiangsu Province （code of H200205l l） and the other agents and materials were provided by Laboratory Center of Weifang Medical College. METHODS： The 24 Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups： sham-operation group, model group and etomidate preconditioning group, with 8 rats in each. Rat models of transient cerebral ischemia injury were made by the ligation of bilateral carotid arteries combined with descending blood pressure in the latter two groups. Before ischemia （ligation of bilateral common carotid artery）, rats in the etomidate preconditioning group were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg etomidate fat emulsion and then persistently intraperitoneally injected with etomidate fat emulsion at 1.0 mg/kg per minute. Rats in the model group were not administrated. Rats in the sham-operation group were only performed bilateral common carotid artery isolation. When rats were modeled, their brain tissues were quickly taken out and detected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Change of the fluorescence pixel value of the [Ca^2＋]i in each group by the laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS： Twenty-four rats were involved in the final analysis. Fluorescence pixel value in the sham-operation group was in the low level. Fluorescence pixel value in the model group was significantly higher than that in the sham-operation group （P 〈 0.01）. Fluorescence pixel value in the etomidate preconditioning group was significantly lower than that in the model group （P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： The protection of etomidate fat emulsion to the transient cerebral ischemic injury in rats is associated with the inhibition to the increase of [Ca^2＋]i to some extent.展开更多
To investigate the fatty acid-based functional lipidomics of patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition receiving different intravenous lipid emulsions. METHODSA cross-sectional comparative study was carried out ...To investigate the fatty acid-based functional lipidomics of patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition receiving different intravenous lipid emulsions. METHODSA cross-sectional comparative study was carried out on 3 groups of adults on home parenteral nutrition (HPN), receiving an HPN admixture containing an olive-soybean oil-based intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) (OO-IVLE; n = 15), a soybean- medium-chain triacylglycerol-olive-fish oil-based IVLE (SMOF-IVLE; n = 8) or HPN without IVLE (No-IVLE; n = 8) and 42 healthy controls (HCs). The inclusion criteria were: duration of HPN ≥ 3 mo, current HPN admixtures ≥ 2 mo and HPN infusions ≥ 2/wk. Blood samples were drawn 4-6 h after the discontinuation of the overnight HPN infusion. The functional lipidomics panel included: the red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) profile, molecular biomarkers [membrane fluidity: saturated/monounsaturated FA ratio = saturated fatty acid (SFA)/monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) index; inflammatory risk: n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio = n-6/n-3 index; cardiovascular risk: sum of n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) = n-3 index; free radical stress: sum of FA trans isomers = %trans index] and FA pathway enzyme activity estimate (delta-9-desaturase = D9D; delta-6-desaturase = D6D; delta-5-desaturase = D5D; elongase = ELO). Statistics were carried out using nonparametric tests. The amount of each FA was calculated as a percentage of the total FA content (relative%). RESULTSIn the OO-IVLE group, the percentage of oleic acid in the RBCs was positively correlated with the weekly load of OO-IVLE (r = 0.540, P = 0.043). In the SMOF-IVLE cohort, the RBC membrane EPA and DHA were positively correlated with the daily amount of SMOF-IVLE (r = 0.751, P = 0.044) and the number of HPN infusions per week (r = 0.753; P = 0.046), respectively. The SMOF-IVLE group showed the highest EPA and DHA and the lowest arachidonic acid percentages (P < 0.001). The RBC membrane linoleic acid content was lower, and oleic and vaccenic acids were higher in all the HPN groups in comparison to the HCs. Vaccenic acid was positively correlated with the weekly HPN load of glucose in both the OO-IVLE (r = 0.716; P = 0.007) and the SMOF-IVLE (r = 0.732; P = 0.053) groups. The estimated activity of D9D was higher in all the HPN groups than in the HCs (P < 0.001). The estimated activity of D5D was lower in the SMOF-IVLE group than in the HCs (P = 0.013). The SFA/MUFA ratio was lower in all the HPN groups than in the HCs (P < 0.001). The n-6/n-3 index was lower and the n-3 index was higher in the SMOF-IVLE group in comparison to the HCs and to the other HPN groups (P < 0.001). The %trans index did not differ among the four groups. CONCLUSIONThe FA profile of IVLEs significantly influenced the cell membrane functional lipidomics. The amount of glucose in the HPN may play a relevant role, mediated by the insulin regulation of the FA pathway enzyme activities.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81872826,81573363,81690263)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.18ZR1404100)Shanghai Pujiang Program(No.18PJD001)。
文摘The discrimination against nutritional fat emulsion injections was considered by imaging tools,which aims to elucidate the in vivo behaviors of nanoemulsions.In this study,20%nutritional fat emulsion injections were selected from different company including original and generic products.Meanwhile,a water quenching fluorescent probe(P2)was used to label them by an incubation method.The fluorescent intensity analysis of blood-borne fluorescence reveals rapid clearance of nanoemulsion in all groups,which shows'L'-type blood kinetic profiles.However,these kinetic parameters do not have significant difference.Following intravenous administration,the nanoemulsions in all groups concomitantly accumulated in organs of reticulo-endothelial system(RES),such as liver and spleen,and were cleared from body circulation mostly after 12 h.AUC(0-t)of organs from different groups showed dissimilar results in some organs.These intuitional results are of significance in understa nding the in vivo behaviors of nanoemulsions,which can provide a new way to discriminate against nutritional fat emulsions.
文摘Intravenous infusion of fat emulsion as a compo-nent of total parenteral nutrition(TPN)is well estab-lished clinical practice to provide a utilizable energysource and to prevent essential fatty acid deficicncy.Traditionally fat emulsions have been prepared usinglong chain triglycerides(LCT)derived from soy beanoil and egg yolk phospholipids.Medium chain triglycerides(MCT)have a rolein enteral nutrition as the result of greater solubilitythan LCT,more rapid absorption directly into Plas-ma,lack of requirement for carnitine to enter mito-chondria and more rapid oxidation than LCT Intra-venous MCT may be provided as mixtures with LCTor as structured lipid in which individual triglyceridescontain both medium and long chain fatty acids,Aswith LCT,intravenous infusion of MCT is followedby formation of a lipoprotein Particle by combinationlwith apocii.MCT must therefore compete with LCTfor hydrolytic sites on lipoprotein lipase.Both in-creased and decreased Plasma clearance rates forMCT/LCT emulsions compared
文摘BACKGROUND： It is known that intravenous anesthetic etomidate fat emulsion has cerebral protection. Now many scholars focus on the research of its cerebral protection from molecular biology, but the mechanism of cerebral protection is still fully unclear. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of etomidate fat emulsion on the [Ca^2＋]i in hippocampal neurons during the transient cerebral ischemia injury in rats. DESIGN： Randomized controlled observation. SETTING： Weifang Medical College. MATERIALS： This study was carried out in the functional laboratory of Weifang Medical College between October 2005 and March 2006. Twenty-four male healthy Wistar rats, aged 3 to 4 months, were involved. Etomidate fat emulsion was provided by the limited company of En-hua Medical Bloc in Jiangsu Province （code of H200205l l） and the other agents and materials were provided by Laboratory Center of Weifang Medical College. METHODS： The 24 Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups： sham-operation group, model group and etomidate preconditioning group, with 8 rats in each. Rat models of transient cerebral ischemia injury were made by the ligation of bilateral carotid arteries combined with descending blood pressure in the latter two groups. Before ischemia （ligation of bilateral common carotid artery）, rats in the etomidate preconditioning group were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg etomidate fat emulsion and then persistently intraperitoneally injected with etomidate fat emulsion at 1.0 mg/kg per minute. Rats in the model group were not administrated. Rats in the sham-operation group were only performed bilateral common carotid artery isolation. When rats were modeled, their brain tissues were quickly taken out and detected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Change of the fluorescence pixel value of the [Ca^2＋]i in each group by the laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS： Twenty-four rats were involved in the final analysis. Fluorescence pixel value in the sham-operation group was in the low level. Fluorescence pixel value in the model group was significantly higher than that in the sham-operation group （P 〈 0.01）. Fluorescence pixel value in the etomidate preconditioning group was significantly lower than that in the model group （P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： The protection of etomidate fat emulsion to the transient cerebral ischemic injury in rats is associated with the inhibition to the increase of [Ca^2＋]i to some extent.
文摘To investigate the fatty acid-based functional lipidomics of patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition receiving different intravenous lipid emulsions. METHODSA cross-sectional comparative study was carried out on 3 groups of adults on home parenteral nutrition (HPN), receiving an HPN admixture containing an olive-soybean oil-based intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) (OO-IVLE; n = 15), a soybean- medium-chain triacylglycerol-olive-fish oil-based IVLE (SMOF-IVLE; n = 8) or HPN without IVLE (No-IVLE; n = 8) and 42 healthy controls (HCs). The inclusion criteria were: duration of HPN ≥ 3 mo, current HPN admixtures ≥ 2 mo and HPN infusions ≥ 2/wk. Blood samples were drawn 4-6 h after the discontinuation of the overnight HPN infusion. The functional lipidomics panel included: the red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) profile, molecular biomarkers [membrane fluidity: saturated/monounsaturated FA ratio = saturated fatty acid (SFA)/monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) index; inflammatory risk: n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio = n-6/n-3 index; cardiovascular risk: sum of n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) = n-3 index; free radical stress: sum of FA trans isomers = %trans index] and FA pathway enzyme activity estimate (delta-9-desaturase = D9D; delta-6-desaturase = D6D; delta-5-desaturase = D5D; elongase = ELO). Statistics were carried out using nonparametric tests. The amount of each FA was calculated as a percentage of the total FA content (relative%). RESULTSIn the OO-IVLE group, the percentage of oleic acid in the RBCs was positively correlated with the weekly load of OO-IVLE (r = 0.540, P = 0.043). In the SMOF-IVLE cohort, the RBC membrane EPA and DHA were positively correlated with the daily amount of SMOF-IVLE (r = 0.751, P = 0.044) and the number of HPN infusions per week (r = 0.753; P = 0.046), respectively. The SMOF-IVLE group showed the highest EPA and DHA and the lowest arachidonic acid percentages (P < 0.001). The RBC membrane linoleic acid content was lower, and oleic and vaccenic acids were higher in all the HPN groups in comparison to the HCs. Vaccenic acid was positively correlated with the weekly HPN load of glucose in both the OO-IVLE (r = 0.716; P = 0.007) and the SMOF-IVLE (r = 0.732; P = 0.053) groups. The estimated activity of D9D was higher in all the HPN groups than in the HCs (P < 0.001). The estimated activity of D5D was lower in the SMOF-IVLE group than in the HCs (P = 0.013). The SFA/MUFA ratio was lower in all the HPN groups than in the HCs (P < 0.001). The n-6/n-3 index was lower and the n-3 index was higher in the SMOF-IVLE group in comparison to the HCs and to the other HPN groups (P < 0.001). The %trans index did not differ among the four groups. CONCLUSIONThe FA profile of IVLEs significantly influenced the cell membrane functional lipidomics. The amount of glucose in the HPN may play a relevant role, mediated by the insulin regulation of the FA pathway enzyme activities.
