Effect of Soy Isoflavone Crude Extract Supplementation on High Fat Diet-induced Insulin Resistance in Ovariectomized Rats

Female Wister rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into sham operation group, ovariectomized （OVX） control group, and 20VX groups fed with soy isoflavone crude extract supplementation. The rats had free access to high fat diet and water for 9 weeks. No significant difference was found in body weight （BW）, total abdominal fat, food intake and food utilization rate between OVX control group and 20VX groups. However, the fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels were significantly higher in 20VX groups than in OVX control group （P〈0.05）. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test （IGTI＂） showed that the area under AUC was smaller in 20VX groups than in OVX control group （P〈0.05）. These findings showed that soy isoflavone crude extract supplementation can improve glucose tolerance and prevent high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats.

Effects of maternal dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and methionine during late gestation on fetal growth,DNA methylation,and mRNA relative expression of genes associated with the inflammatory response,lipid metabolism and DNA methylation in placenta and offspring’s liver in sheep

Background:Omega-3 PUFA or methionine(Met)supply during gestation alters offspring physiology.However,the effect of both nutrients on fetal development has not been explored.Our objective was to determine the effects of supplementation of these two nutrients during late gestation on fetal growth,DNA methylation,and mRNA expression of genes associated with the inflammatory response,and DNA methylation.Ewes(n=5/treatment)were fed from day 100 to 145 of gestation one of the following treatments:1)basal diet(NS)without fatty acids(FS)or methionine(MS)supplementation;2)FS(10 g/kg Ca salts,source omega-3 PUFA);3)MS(1 g/kg rumen protected methionine);and 4)FS and MS(FS-MS).On day 145,ewes were euthanized,and data from dams and fetus was recorded.Placenta(cotyledon),fetal liver,and blood samples were collected.Results:A treatments interaction on fetal liver weight,ewe body weight and body condition score(BCS)was observed;FS-MS were heavier(P<0.01)than FS and MS,and FS-MS ewes had a better(P=0.02)BCS than NS.Methionine increased(P=0.03)ewe plasma glucose concentration.Fetal liver global DNA methylation increased(P<0.01)in FS and MS.Dietary treatments modify the mRNA relative expression on some of the genes evaluated.In the fetal liver,FS increased(P=0.04)the mRNA relative expression of arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase-activatingprotein and tended to decrease(P=0.06)methionine-adenosyltransferase-1A.Moreover,MS decreased(P=0.04)DNA-methyltransferase-1 and tended to decrease(P=0.08)free-fatty-acid-receptor-1 mRNA relative expression.Furthermore,FS-MS decreased mRNA relative expression of tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha(P=0.05),peroxisomeproliferator-activated-receptor-delta(P=0.03)and gamma(P=0.04),tended to decrease(P≤0.09)interleukin-6,fatty-acid-transport-protein-1,and delta-5-desaturase,and increased adenosylhomocysteinase(P=0.04)mRNA relative expression.In cotyledon,FS tended to decrease fatty acid binding protein 4(P=0.09)mRNA relative expression.Conclusion:Omega-3 PUFA and Met supplementation improves dam’s performance in late gestation,which was positively correlated with an increase in offspring’s liver development.Moreover,FS-MS decreased mRNA relative expression of proinflammatory cytokines,and lipogenic genes,and increased the expression on an enzyme that has an important role in methylation.