AIM: To determine the clinical effectiveness of intense psychological support to physical activity (PA) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), compared with cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT).
The objective of the present study was to identify dietary parameters for predicting body weight change (ΔBW) in Mexican-born women (Mexicans) following immigration to Quebec City, Canada. Methods: Changes in fruit (...The objective of the present study was to identify dietary parameters for predicting body weight change (ΔBW) in Mexican-born women (Mexicans) following immigration to Quebec City, Canada. Methods: Changes in fruit (ΔF), vegetable (ΔV), fruit and vegetable (ΔFV), and fat (ΔFat) intake were assessed according to post-immigration periods (1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-20 years) using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric measures were also conducted in 87 Mexicans (study group) and 88 native-born Quebecers (comparison group) aged 18-65 years. Associations were calculated using full and partial robust regression models adjusting for potential confounders (origin, education, income, age, length of residence in Quebec City). Results: There was no difference in ΔBW between the groups. Body weight (BW) increased significantly in both Mexican (5.5 ± 0.9 kg, P < 0.0001) and Quebec women (4.7 ± 0.8 kg, P < 0.0001). ΔBW was positively correlated with ΔFat (β = 0.03, P = 0.003), but not correlated with origin, ΔF, or ΔV. ΔBW was negatively associated with education (β = –4.33, P = 0.007) and positively associated with length of residence (β = 0.3, P = 0.003). Partial models indicated ΔF (β = –1.35, P β = –1.04, P = 0.0001), and ΔFV (β = –2.27, P < 0.0001) were associated with origin, whereas net annual household income (β = 0.16, P = 0.04) was positively associated with ΔFat. Conclusions: Change in body weight could be predicted by length of residence, education, and change in fat intake in Mexican immigrant women and native-born Quebecers whereas changes in fruit and vegetable intakes could be predicted by Mexican or Quebec origin.展开更多
We investigated the relationship among delta (delta represents changes in parameters) visceral fat area, waist circumference and body weight in Japanese freshmen students. Visceral fat was measured at the umbilical le...We investigated the relationship among delta (delta represents changes in parameters) visceral fat area, waist circumference and body weight in Japanese freshmen students. Visceral fat was measured at the umbilical level using computerized tomography scanning at baseline study and 6 months later. Body weight and height, as well as waist circumference were also measured. We found that visceral fat area, waist circumference, and body weight significantly correlated with each other at baseline, and 6 months later, delta visceral fat area and changes in % visceral fat area significantly correlated with delta waist circumference and delta body weight in female and in total subjects. In addition, based on the predictive linear equations from the regression analysis, we found that 1kg of delta body weight corresponded to 0.83 cm of delta waist circumference, and 1kg of delta body weight and 1cm of delta waist circumference corresponded to 9.41% and 7.80% of changes in visceral fat area, respectively, in total subjects. The present results suggest that delta visceral fat area is closely related to delta body weight and delta waist circumference in Japanese freshmen students.展开更多
There can be little argument that embryo quality is one of the most critical factors in the success of assisted reproductive techniques. Yet the current methods of grading embryos are subjective at best. While a numbe...There can be little argument that embryo quality is one of the most critical factors in the success of assisted reproductive techniques. Yet the current methods of grading embryos are subjective at best. While a number of different groups have described more qualitative means of assessing embryo quality, the current standard remains morphology. Morphology has proven a good standard, but it does not allow for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities nor can it assess the biochemical status of the embryo prior to transfer. This laboratory recently described a method to estimate embryo weight and suggested weight might be a good indicator of biochemical status. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between maternal body composition and embryo weight and determine the influence maternal chemistry had on embryo development. The data continue to suggest that maternal body composition, especially body fat, influences the chemical nature of the embryo and may play a critical role in long-term survival.展开更多
Obesity has been found to be associated with increased incidence of various metabolic disorders. Anti-obesity interventions are therefore urgently needed. An earlier study has demonstrated that treatment with an herba...Obesity has been found to be associated with increased incidence of various metabolic disorders. Anti-obesity interventions are therefore urgently needed. An earlier study has demonstrated that treatment with an herbal formula MCC, which comprises the fruit of Momordica charantia (MC), the pericarpium of Citri reticulate (CR) and L-carnitine (CA), reduced the weight gain in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term treatment with MCC (6 g/kg/day × 40 doses) and various combinations of its constituents in HFD-fed female ICR mice. Body weight change was monitored during the course of the experiment. Total and differential adiposity, plasma lipid contents, metabolic enzyme activities and mitochondrial coupling efficiency in skeletal muscle were measured. Glucose homeostasis was also assessed. Results showed that HFD increased the body weight, total and differential adiposity, and plasma lipid contents as well as impaired metabolic status in skeletal muscle and glucose homeostasis. MCC and all combinations of its constituents reduced the weight gain in HFD-fed mice, which was accompanied with an improvement on glucose homeostasis. While MC, CA and CR independently suppressed the HFD-induced weight gain in mice, MC seems to be the most effective in weight reduction, all of which correlated with the induction of mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle. Only CA and CR, but not MC, significantly reduced the total adiposity and visceral adiposity as well as plasma cholesterol level. However, the two component combinations, MC + CR and MC + CA, decreased the degree of visceral adiposity and plasma cholesterol level, respectively. MCC treatment at 1.5 g/kg (but not a higher dose of 6 g/kg) suppressed visceral adiposity and induced mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle in HFD-fed mice. The finding suggests that MCC may offer a promising prospect for ameliorating the diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in humans.展开更多
Objective To examine the change of body weight (BW) and blood pressure (BP) in obese rats, clarify relationships between BP and BW and other factors. Methods Male Spraque-Dawley rats were fed either with normal diet (...Objective To examine the change of body weight (BW) and blood pressure (BP) in obese rats, clarify relationships between BP and BW and other factors. Methods Male Spraque-Dawley rats were fed either with normal diet (ND) or high calorie diet (HC) for 20 weeks. BW and BP of tail artery were observed biweekly and tetraweekly respectively; serum leptin and fasting insulin (FINS) were detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) respectively. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and free fatty acid(FFA) were measured by conventional means. Results BW, abdominal fat weight (AFW), ratio of abdominal fat weight to body weight (R_ F/W), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum levels of leptin and FINS, FPG, FFA increased in the HD group after 20 weeks diet intervention (P<0.05 or P<0.01). SBP was strongly correlated with BW, leptin, FINS and FFA (P<0.05), DBP was correlated with FFA (r=0.47, P<0.05). In addition, leptin was positively correlated with BW, AFW, R_ F/W, FINS and FFA (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion In this study of high calorie-diet induced rats, the gain of BW is accompanied by increased BP. The obese rats have hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia which may have important effects on the development of obesity-related hypertension. R_ F/W is the key factor in which affect serum leptin level.展开更多
Water-fat separation is a particularly important problem for magnetic resonance imaging.Although many methods have been proposed,the reliability is still challenging.In this work,we have presented a method based on th...Water-fat separation is a particularly important problem for magnetic resonance imaging.Although many methods have been proposed,the reliability is still challenging.In this work,we have presented a method based on the combination of the branch-cut method and multigrid algorithm to get a more robust performance of water-fat separation.First,the branch-cut method is applied to identify residues,which violates the requirement that the interacting phase gradient around a closed path be zero.Residues and branches are marked to be zeros and filled to the weighting factor array.Then,the unwrapped phase array can be given by the multigrid algorithm.Finally,the Dixon method for water-fat separation is applied to the unwrapped phase array.Experiments for brain scanning on the 0.3T low field MRI system demonstrate the successful application of the proposed method.展开更多
The current Western diet contains high amounts of salt and fat. High salt and fat diets are known to have negative impacts on food intake (FI), body weight (BW), body composition (BC), glucose metabolism, and blood pr...The current Western diet contains high amounts of salt and fat. High salt and fat diets are known to have negative impacts on food intake (FI), body weight (BW), body composition (BC), glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. These factors have been studied as separate entities, but the main and interactive effects of dietary salt and fat received little study. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of sodium and fat content of the diet on FI, BW, and BC in male Wistar rats. Male Wistar Rats (n = 48) were allocated into 4 groups (n = 12) and received the following diets: 1. Normal sodium normal fat, 2. Normal sodium high fat, 3. High sodium normal fat, and 4. High sodium high-fat diet for 12 weeks. BW and FI were measured weekly. BC and organs’ weight were recorded post-termination. Regardless of sodium content, a greater FI was observed in normal-fat diet groups compared with high-fat diet groups. However, higher BW and fat (%) were observed in high-fat diet groups. Fasting blood glucose was higher in rats fed normal fat diets compared with those fed high-fat diets. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was lower in rats fed either high fat, high salt, or normal fat, normal salt diet. In conclusion, fat but not salt content in the diet is a determining factor in the regulation of FI and body weight. Moreover, glucose metabolism can be influenced by both the fat and salt content of the diet.展开更多
为了解脂尾绵羊的尾部性状特征,该试验选择滩羊典型生产区开展调查和试验观测,通过测量滩羊尾部尺寸、重量及尾骨特征,分析滩羊尾型特征及脂尾性状间的表型相关。结果显示:滩羊尾型可分为圆盘形尾、楔形尾和三角形尾3种;滩羊尾椎数量为1...为了解脂尾绵羊的尾部性状特征,该试验选择滩羊典型生产区开展调查和试验观测,通过测量滩羊尾部尺寸、重量及尾骨特征,分析滩羊尾型特征及脂尾性状间的表型相关。结果显示:滩羊尾型可分为圆盘形尾、楔形尾和三角形尾3种;滩羊尾椎数量为17~21枚不等:根据尾椎椎骨的完整程度,滩羊的尾椎可分为4类,第1类尾椎的横突、棘突、椎弓、椎孔完整,第2类尾椎的横突完整,棘突、椎弓、椎孔退化,第3类尾椎的横突、棘突、椎弓、椎孔均发生退化,第4类尾椎椎骨之间融合,无关节囊。滩羊尾重与尾厚,尾脂率与尾重及尾脂重之间相关性显著。滩羊尾重与尾长、尾厚之间的最优回归方程为:y=-2.237+0.401 x 3+0.041 x 1(R 2=0.634,P<0.01)。展开更多
背景:近期观察性研究发现局部脂肪量对于椎间盘退变评估有重要意义,而肥胖长期被认为是椎间盘退变的危险因素之一,作为肥胖核心因素的脂肪量在既往研究中与椎间盘退变的因果关系尚不明确。目的:探讨不同分布的脂肪量与椎间盘退变的因果...背景:近期观察性研究发现局部脂肪量对于椎间盘退变评估有重要意义,而肥胖长期被认为是椎间盘退变的危险因素之一,作为肥胖核心因素的脂肪量在既往研究中与椎间盘退变的因果关系尚不明确。目的:探讨不同分布的脂肪量与椎间盘退变的因果关系,以帮助增加对椎间盘退变发病机制的认知及制定预防、治疗及预后的策略。方法:从公开发表的IEU Open GWAS中以强相关性及满足连锁不平衡为条件提取躯干及下肢脂肪量的遗传位点作为工具变量,结合Finn Gen最新第9版数据库中选取椎间盘退变作为结局进行孟德尔随机化分析,通过逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归、简单中位数法、加权中位数法和加权中值法等回归模型的OR值和95%CI评估躯干及下肢脂肪量与椎间盘退变间的因果关系。使用Cochran’s Q检验评估遗传工具变量的异质性,使用MR-Egger截距检验评估多效性,使用留一法评估作为工具变量的单核苷酸多态性对暴露和结局因果关系影响的敏感性。结果与结论:(1)逆方差加权法检测结果显示,躯干脂肪量与椎间盘退变发病风险呈正向因果关联(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.15-1.35,P<0.001),双下肢脂肪量与椎间盘退变发病风险呈反向因果关联(OR=0.7,95%CI:0.63-0.78,P<0.001;OR=0.69,95%CI:0.62-0.76,P<0.001);(2)MR-Egger截距分析未检测到潜在的水平多效性;(3)MR-PRESSO未检测到偏倚单核苷酸多态性,异质性检验存在,留一法敏感性分析提示分析结果可靠;(4)上述结果证实,躯干脂肪量与椎间盘退变有正向因果关系,随着躯干脂肪量增加,椎间盘退变的风险升高;双下肢脂肪量与椎间盘退变有反向因果关系,即随着双下肢脂肪量增加,椎间盘退变风险降低;脂肪的含量及分布会影响椎间盘退变的发病风险,应给予更多的关注。展开更多
基金Supported by European Community’s Seventh Framework Program(FP7/2007-2013)under grant agreement,No.HEALTH-F2-2009-241762 for the project FLIP(in part)Centis E,Nuccitelli C and Moscatiello S supported by specific research contracts within the same program
文摘AIM: To determine the clinical effectiveness of intense psychological support to physical activity (PA) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), compared with cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT).
文摘The objective of the present study was to identify dietary parameters for predicting body weight change (ΔBW) in Mexican-born women (Mexicans) following immigration to Quebec City, Canada. Methods: Changes in fruit (ΔF), vegetable (ΔV), fruit and vegetable (ΔFV), and fat (ΔFat) intake were assessed according to post-immigration periods (1-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-20 years) using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric measures were also conducted in 87 Mexicans (study group) and 88 native-born Quebecers (comparison group) aged 18-65 years. Associations were calculated using full and partial robust regression models adjusting for potential confounders (origin, education, income, age, length of residence in Quebec City). Results: There was no difference in ΔBW between the groups. Body weight (BW) increased significantly in both Mexican (5.5 ± 0.9 kg, P < 0.0001) and Quebec women (4.7 ± 0.8 kg, P < 0.0001). ΔBW was positively correlated with ΔFat (β = 0.03, P = 0.003), but not correlated with origin, ΔF, or ΔV. ΔBW was negatively associated with education (β = –4.33, P = 0.007) and positively associated with length of residence (β = 0.3, P = 0.003). Partial models indicated ΔF (β = –1.35, P β = –1.04, P = 0.0001), and ΔFV (β = –2.27, P < 0.0001) were associated with origin, whereas net annual household income (β = 0.16, P = 0.04) was positively associated with ΔFat. Conclusions: Change in body weight could be predicted by length of residence, education, and change in fat intake in Mexican immigrant women and native-born Quebecers whereas changes in fruit and vegetable intakes could be predicted by Mexican or Quebec origin.
文摘We investigated the relationship among delta (delta represents changes in parameters) visceral fat area, waist circumference and body weight in Japanese freshmen students. Visceral fat was measured at the umbilical level using computerized tomography scanning at baseline study and 6 months later. Body weight and height, as well as waist circumference were also measured. We found that visceral fat area, waist circumference, and body weight significantly correlated with each other at baseline, and 6 months later, delta visceral fat area and changes in % visceral fat area significantly correlated with delta waist circumference and delta body weight in female and in total subjects. In addition, based on the predictive linear equations from the regression analysis, we found that 1kg of delta body weight corresponded to 0.83 cm of delta waist circumference, and 1kg of delta body weight and 1cm of delta waist circumference corresponded to 9.41% and 7.80% of changes in visceral fat area, respectively, in total subjects. The present results suggest that delta visceral fat area is closely related to delta body weight and delta waist circumference in Japanese freshmen students.
文摘There can be little argument that embryo quality is one of the most critical factors in the success of assisted reproductive techniques. Yet the current methods of grading embryos are subjective at best. While a number of different groups have described more qualitative means of assessing embryo quality, the current standard remains morphology. Morphology has proven a good standard, but it does not allow for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities nor can it assess the biochemical status of the embryo prior to transfer. This laboratory recently described a method to estimate embryo weight and suggested weight might be a good indicator of biochemical status. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between maternal body composition and embryo weight and determine the influence maternal chemistry had on embryo development. The data continue to suggest that maternal body composition, especially body fat, influences the chemical nature of the embryo and may play a critical role in long-term survival.
文摘Obesity has been found to be associated with increased incidence of various metabolic disorders. Anti-obesity interventions are therefore urgently needed. An earlier study has demonstrated that treatment with an herbal formula MCC, which comprises the fruit of Momordica charantia (MC), the pericarpium of Citri reticulate (CR) and L-carnitine (CA), reduced the weight gain in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term treatment with MCC (6 g/kg/day × 40 doses) and various combinations of its constituents in HFD-fed female ICR mice. Body weight change was monitored during the course of the experiment. Total and differential adiposity, plasma lipid contents, metabolic enzyme activities and mitochondrial coupling efficiency in skeletal muscle were measured. Glucose homeostasis was also assessed. Results showed that HFD increased the body weight, total and differential adiposity, and plasma lipid contents as well as impaired metabolic status in skeletal muscle and glucose homeostasis. MCC and all combinations of its constituents reduced the weight gain in HFD-fed mice, which was accompanied with an improvement on glucose homeostasis. While MC, CA and CR independently suppressed the HFD-induced weight gain in mice, MC seems to be the most effective in weight reduction, all of which correlated with the induction of mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle. Only CA and CR, but not MC, significantly reduced the total adiposity and visceral adiposity as well as plasma cholesterol level. However, the two component combinations, MC + CR and MC + CA, decreased the degree of visceral adiposity and plasma cholesterol level, respectively. MCC treatment at 1.5 g/kg (but not a higher dose of 6 g/kg) suppressed visceral adiposity and induced mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle in HFD-fed mice. The finding suggests that MCC may offer a promising prospect for ameliorating the diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in humans.
文摘Objective To examine the change of body weight (BW) and blood pressure (BP) in obese rats, clarify relationships between BP and BW and other factors. Methods Male Spraque-Dawley rats were fed either with normal diet (ND) or high calorie diet (HC) for 20 weeks. BW and BP of tail artery were observed biweekly and tetraweekly respectively; serum leptin and fasting insulin (FINS) were detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) respectively. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and free fatty acid(FFA) were measured by conventional means. Results BW, abdominal fat weight (AFW), ratio of abdominal fat weight to body weight (R_ F/W), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum levels of leptin and FINS, FPG, FFA increased in the HD group after 20 weeks diet intervention (P<0.05 or P<0.01). SBP was strongly correlated with BW, leptin, FINS and FFA (P<0.05), DBP was correlated with FFA (r=0.47, P<0.05). In addition, leptin was positively correlated with BW, AFW, R_ F/W, FINS and FFA (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion In this study of high calorie-diet induced rats, the gain of BW is accompanied by increased BP. The obese rats have hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia which may have important effects on the development of obesity-related hypertension. R_ F/W is the key factor in which affect serum leptin level.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60772147,60871060)
文摘Water-fat separation is a particularly important problem for magnetic resonance imaging.Although many methods have been proposed,the reliability is still challenging.In this work,we have presented a method based on the combination of the branch-cut method and multigrid algorithm to get a more robust performance of water-fat separation.First,the branch-cut method is applied to identify residues,which violates the requirement that the interacting phase gradient around a closed path be zero.Residues and branches are marked to be zeros and filled to the weighting factor array.Then,the unwrapped phase array can be given by the multigrid algorithm.Finally,the Dixon method for water-fat separation is applied to the unwrapped phase array.Experiments for brain scanning on the 0.3T low field MRI system demonstrate the successful application of the proposed method.
文摘The current Western diet contains high amounts of salt and fat. High salt and fat diets are known to have negative impacts on food intake (FI), body weight (BW), body composition (BC), glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. These factors have been studied as separate entities, but the main and interactive effects of dietary salt and fat received little study. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of sodium and fat content of the diet on FI, BW, and BC in male Wistar rats. Male Wistar Rats (n = 48) were allocated into 4 groups (n = 12) and received the following diets: 1. Normal sodium normal fat, 2. Normal sodium high fat, 3. High sodium normal fat, and 4. High sodium high-fat diet for 12 weeks. BW and FI were measured weekly. BC and organs’ weight were recorded post-termination. Regardless of sodium content, a greater FI was observed in normal-fat diet groups compared with high-fat diet groups. However, higher BW and fat (%) were observed in high-fat diet groups. Fasting blood glucose was higher in rats fed normal fat diets compared with those fed high-fat diets. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was lower in rats fed either high fat, high salt, or normal fat, normal salt diet. In conclusion, fat but not salt content in the diet is a determining factor in the regulation of FI and body weight. Moreover, glucose metabolism can be influenced by both the fat and salt content of the diet.
文摘为了解脂尾绵羊的尾部性状特征,该试验选择滩羊典型生产区开展调查和试验观测,通过测量滩羊尾部尺寸、重量及尾骨特征,分析滩羊尾型特征及脂尾性状间的表型相关。结果显示:滩羊尾型可分为圆盘形尾、楔形尾和三角形尾3种;滩羊尾椎数量为17~21枚不等:根据尾椎椎骨的完整程度,滩羊的尾椎可分为4类,第1类尾椎的横突、棘突、椎弓、椎孔完整,第2类尾椎的横突完整,棘突、椎弓、椎孔退化,第3类尾椎的横突、棘突、椎弓、椎孔均发生退化,第4类尾椎椎骨之间融合,无关节囊。滩羊尾重与尾厚,尾脂率与尾重及尾脂重之间相关性显著。滩羊尾重与尾长、尾厚之间的最优回归方程为:y=-2.237+0.401 x 3+0.041 x 1(R 2=0.634,P<0.01)。
文摘背景:近期观察性研究发现局部脂肪量对于椎间盘退变评估有重要意义,而肥胖长期被认为是椎间盘退变的危险因素之一,作为肥胖核心因素的脂肪量在既往研究中与椎间盘退变的因果关系尚不明确。目的:探讨不同分布的脂肪量与椎间盘退变的因果关系,以帮助增加对椎间盘退变发病机制的认知及制定预防、治疗及预后的策略。方法:从公开发表的IEU Open GWAS中以强相关性及满足连锁不平衡为条件提取躯干及下肢脂肪量的遗传位点作为工具变量,结合Finn Gen最新第9版数据库中选取椎间盘退变作为结局进行孟德尔随机化分析,通过逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归、简单中位数法、加权中位数法和加权中值法等回归模型的OR值和95%CI评估躯干及下肢脂肪量与椎间盘退变间的因果关系。使用Cochran’s Q检验评估遗传工具变量的异质性,使用MR-Egger截距检验评估多效性,使用留一法评估作为工具变量的单核苷酸多态性对暴露和结局因果关系影响的敏感性。结果与结论:(1)逆方差加权法检测结果显示,躯干脂肪量与椎间盘退变发病风险呈正向因果关联(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.15-1.35,P<0.001),双下肢脂肪量与椎间盘退变发病风险呈反向因果关联(OR=0.7,95%CI:0.63-0.78,P<0.001;OR=0.69,95%CI:0.62-0.76,P<0.001);(2)MR-Egger截距分析未检测到潜在的水平多效性;(3)MR-PRESSO未检测到偏倚单核苷酸多态性,异质性检验存在,留一法敏感性分析提示分析结果可靠;(4)上述结果证实,躯干脂肪量与椎间盘退变有正向因果关系,随着躯干脂肪量增加,椎间盘退变的风险升高;双下肢脂肪量与椎间盘退变有反向因果关系,即随着双下肢脂肪量增加,椎间盘退变风险降低;脂肪的含量及分布会影响椎间盘退变的发病风险,应给予更多的关注。
