Fatigue Property of Basalt Fiber-Modified Asphalt Mixture under Complicated Environment

The fatigue property of asphalt mixtures under complicated environment （low-temperature bending performance, chloride penetration, freezing-thawing cycle and their coupling effect） and the improvement effect for relevant property of basalt fiber-reinforcing asphalt mixture under complicated environment are studied. Two grading types of asphalt mixtures, AC-16I and AC-13I, are chosen, whose optimum asphalt-aggregate ratio and optimum dosage of basalt fiber are determined by the Marshall test. The standard specimens are made firstly, and then the low temperature bending tests of asphalt mixture and basalt fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture under the coupling effect of the chloride erosion and freezing-thawing cycle have been carried out. Finally, the fatigue property tests of asphalt mixture and basalt fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture under complex environment are performed on MTS material testing system. The results indicate that the tensile strength, the maximum curving tensile stress, the curving stiffness modulus, and fatigue properties of asphalt mixture are influenced by the coupling effect of the chloride erosion and freezing-thawing cycle. The low-temperature bending performance and fatigue property of asphalt mixtures under complicated environment can be greatly improved by adding moderate basalt fiber. The dense gradation asphalt mixture possesses stronger ability to resist adverse environmental effects under the same condition.

Improving the fatigue property of welded joints for AZ31 magnesium alloy by ultrasonic peening treatment

The fatigue property of AZ31 magnesium alloy and its TIG welded joints were investigated. The ultrasonic peening treatment （UPT） was used to improve the fatigue property of the TIG welded joints, which was treated at the weld toe by the UPT process. The test results show that the fatigue strength of the base metal of AZ31 magnesium alloys is 57.8 MPa, and those of the fillet joint and the transverse cross joint are respectively 20. 0 MPa and 17.2 MPa at 2 × 10^6 cycles. The fatigue strengths of two kinds of welded joints treated by the UPT are respectively 30. 3 MPa and 24. 7 MPa, which have been improved by 51.5% and 43.6%, respectively. The fatigue life of the fillet joint specimens is prolonged by about 2. 74 times and the fatigue life of the transverse cross joint specimens is prolonged by about 1.05 times when the stress range is at 40. 0 MPa.

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Thermal Fatigue Property of Low Chromium Semi-Steel

The effect of rare earth elements on eutectic carbide′s morphology of low chromium semi steel in as cast state and after heat treatment was investigated, and accordingly, the thermal fatigue property of this material was studied. The results show that RE can improve the eutectic carbide′s morphology, inhibit the formation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks, therefore, promote the thermal fatigue property, which is more noticeable in case of the RE modification in combination with heat treatment. The optimal thermal fatigue property can be obtained when treated with 0.2% RE modification as well as normalization at 950 ℃ for 3 h.

Comparison of fatigue property between friction stir and TIG welds

The alloy 5052 was welded by friction stir welding （FSW） and tungsten inert gas （TIG） welding. The effect of welding processes （FSW and TIG） on the fatigue properties of 5052 aluminum-welded joints was analyzed based on fatigue testing, and the S-N curve of the joints were established. The results show that the fatigue properties of FSW welded joints are better than those of TIG welded joints. The fatigue strength is determined as 65 MPa under 106 cycling of fatigue life. The microstructure of joints is fine grains and narrow HAZ zone in FSW welds, which inhibit the growth of cracks and produce high fatigue life compared with that of TIG welds. Fracture morphologies also show that the fatigue fracture results from weld defects.

Thermal Fatigue Property of Cr-W-Mo-Ni-Mn-RE Ferric-Base Hardfacing Layer

The thermal fatigue property of Cr-W-Mo-Ni-Mn-RE ferric-base hardfacing layer was investigated. The results show that the generation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks prefer the parts of oxidation and etching of the grain boundary, the joint efforts of cycle stress and oxidation at high temperatures are the main factors in the generation and propagation of thermal fatigue cracks. When the temperatures is below 600 ℃, the Cr-W-Mo-Ni-Mn-RE ferric-base hardfacing layer has higher ability of thermal fatigue resistance. The function of the alloy and rare earth elements was discussed.

Fatigue property comparison of TIG welded joints of magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy

The fatigue properties of the TIG welded joints of both AZ31B magnesium alloy and 5A06 aluminum alloy were investigated. The four types of welded joints were used in fatigue tests, such us butt joints, transverse cross joints, fillet joints and lateral connecting joints. The fatigue strengths at 2 × 10^6 cycles of the four welded joints of AZ31B magnesium alloy are 39. 0 MPa, 24. 4 MPa, 32. 1 MPa and 24. 2 MPa, which are 55. 0% , 42. 2%, 78. 0% and 50. 2% of that of 5A06 aluminum alloy, respectively. The fatigue strength levels at slope m = 3 of the aluminum alloy＇ s welded joints are mostly higher than the FAT recommended by the International Institute of Welding （ HW） , while those of the magnesium alloy＇ s welded joints are all lower than the FAT. It is indicated that the FAT of magnesium alloy＇ s welded joints should be established as early as possible in order to be applied in the design of magnesium alloy＇ s welded structures.

Effect of RE Modification and Heat Treatment on Impact Fatigue Property of a Wear Resistant White Cast Iron

The morphology of carbides, as well as the generation and propagation of fatigue cracks in a wear resistant white cast iron after impact fatigue test were observed by means of optical microscope and SEM, and the relationship among the content of RE (rare earths) in the wear resistant white cast iron and the heating temperature as well as the length and propagation speed of the fatigue cracks were determined. Based on the obtained results, the effect of RE modification and heat treatment on the impact fatigue property was further studied. Experimental results show that addition of RE can defer the time required for the generation of fatigue cracks, reduce their propagation speed and increase the impact fatigue resistance. The aforesaid effect is more noticeable in case of combined RE modification with heat treatment, which can be attributed to the variation in morphology and the distribution of the eutectic carbide network.

Uncertainty evaluation for bearing fatigue property of CFRP double-lap,single-bolt joints

The considerable uncertainty in mechanical properties of composite bolted joints not only prevents advanced composite materials from efficient applications,but also threatens the safety and reliability of the aircraft structures.In this paper,the uncertainty in bearing fatigue properties of a CFRP double-lap,single-bolt joint was evaluated by combing a Progressive Fatigue Damage Model(PFDM)with the interval analysis method.In the PFDM,a residualstrain-based gradual material degradation model and a strain-based fatigue failure criterion were combined with a micromechanics-based sudden material degradation model to predict fatigue properties of the joint.Based on the interval analysis,the key uncertain parameters,which were firstly picked out from eighteen structural parameters of the joint,were described by estimated intervals,and the envelope cases were determined to estimate the lower and upper bounds of fatigue properties of the joint.The predicted results have the same tendency with the experimental results in literatures,which indicates that the PFDM combined with the interval analysis shows potential in efficiently evaluating the fatigue reliability of the complex bolted joints with an adequate accuracy.

Fatigue Property of Hot Rolled and Cold Rolled Strips

Tension-tension fatigue properties of hot rolled and cold rolled strips with same contents and sizes were measured by using group test method at room temperature in air. The results showed that the fatigue properties of the hot rolled strips were obviously higher than those of the cold rolled strips. The hot rolled strips with similar or higher tensile strength exhibited superior fatigue property over the cold rolled strips. Fracture morphologies observed using scanning electronic microscope （SEM） showed that the hot rolled strips exhibited larger fracture areas, indicating a slightly lower plasticity, and more even fracture microstructure and stable properties. It is feasible and reliable to replace cold rolled strips with hot rolled strips.

Magnesium-based nanocomposites:A review from mechanical,creep and fatigue properties

The addition of nanoscale additions to magnesium(Mg)based alloys can boost mechanical characteristics without noticeably decreasing ductility.Since Mg is the lightest structural material,the Mg-based nanocomposites(NCs)with improved mechanical properties are appealing materials for lightweight structural applications.In contrast to conventional Mg-based composites,the incorporation of nano-sized reinforcing particles noticeably boosts the strength of Mg-based nanocomposites without significantly reducing the formability.The present article reviews Mg-based metal matrix nanocomposites(MMNCs)with metallic and ceramic additions,fabricated via both solid-based(sintering and powder metallurgy)and liquid-based(disintegrated melt deposition)technologies.It also reviews strengthening models and mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the improved mechanical characteristics of Mg-based alloys and nanocomposites.Further,synergistic strengthening mecha-nisms in Mg matrix nanocomposites and the dominant equations for quantitatively predicting mechanical properties are provided.Furthermore,this study offers an overview of the creep and fatigue behavior of Mg-based alloys and nanocomposites using both traditional(uniaxial)and depth-sensing indentation techniques.The potential applications of magnesium-based alloys and nanocomposites are also surveyed.

Fatigue crack propagation in fine-grained magnesium under low temperature tension-tension cyclic loading

Fine-grained magnesium was tested under stress-controlled tension-tension cyclic loading at -30 ℃ and the tested sample was observed using scanning electron microscope and electron backscatter diffraction to explore the fatigue behavior and crack propagation. The fatigue data showed that the material experienced cyclic softening followed by cyclic hardening before the final fracture failure. The microscopic observations demonstrated that the cracks were almost perpendicular to the loading direction with some zigzags and the cracks progressed along both small angle grain boundaries and large angle grain boundaries. Although the cracks were mainly propagated along large angle grain boundaries, the value of grain boundary angle was not the primary factor to determine the crack propagation direction. The local residual strain from the rolling process was released due to the crack propagation and there was more strain relaxation at regions closer to the cracks.

Effect of Ni content on the weldability of middle-chromium hyperpure ferritic stainless steels 00Cr21Ti

Excellent weldability substantially contributes to the intrinsic quality of steels,while appropriate chemical composition plays a primary role in the essential weldability of steels.The poor weldability of ferritic stainless steels could be improved through modification with minor alloy elements while minimally increasing the cost.Therefore,studying the effect of minor alloy elements on the weldability of steels is of considerable importance.In this study,several steels of middle-chromium hyperpure ferritic stainless 00Cr21Ti with different Ni content(0.3%,0.5%,0.8%,and 1.0%)were developed,and their weldabilities of butt joint samples welded using the metal inert gas welding process,including the influence of welded joints on the microstructure,tensile performance,corrosion resistance,and fatigue property,were investigated.Results show that the steels with w(Ni)≥0.8%exhibit excellent mechanical properties compared with those with low-Ni content steels,further,their impact toughness at normal atmospheric temperature meets the industrial application standard and the fatigue property is similar to that of 304 austenitic stainless steel.Moreover,results show that the corrosion resistance of all the samples is almost at the same level.The results acquired in this study are supposed to be useful for the optimization of the chemical composition of stainless steels aiming to improve weldability.

Relationship between fatigue life of asphalt concrete and polypropylene/polyester fibers using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm

While various kinds of fibers are used to improve the hot mix asphalt(HMA) performance, a few works have been undertaken on the hybrid fiber-reinforced HMA. Therefore, the fatigue life of modified HMA samples using polypropylene and polyester fibers was evaluated and two models namely regression and artificial neural network(ANN) were used to predict the fatigue life based on the fibers parameters. As ANN contains many parameters such as the number of hidden layers which directly influence the prediction accuracy, genetic algorithm(GA) was used to solve optimization problem for ANN. Moreover, the trial and error method was used to optimize the GA parameters such as the population size. The comparison of the results obtained from regression and optimized ANN with GA shows that the two-hidden-layer ANN with two and five neurons in the first and second hidden layers, respectively, can predict the fatigue life of fiber-reinforced HMA with high accuracy(correlation coefficient of 0.96).

Effects of carbon content on high-temperature mechanical and thermal fatigue properties of high-boron austenitic steels

High-temperature mechanical properties of high-boron austenitic steels(HBASs) were studied at 850 °C using a dynamic thermal-mechanical simulation testing machine. In addition, the thermal fatigue properties of the alloys were investigated using the self-restraint Uddeholm thermal fatigue test, during which the alloy specimens were cycled between room temperature and 800°C. Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the surface cracks and cross-sectional microstructure of the alloy specimens after the thermal fatigue tests. The effects of carbon content on the mechanical properties at room temperature and high-temperature as well as thermal fatigue properties of the HBASs were also studied. The experimental results show that increasing carbon content induces changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the HBASs. The boride phase within the HBAS matrix exhibits a round and smooth morphology, and they are distributed in a discrete manner. The hardness of the alloys increases from 239(0.19 wt.% C) to 302(0.29 wt.% C) and 312 HV(0.37 wt.% C); the tensile yield strength at 850 °C increases from 165.1 to 190.3 and 197.1 MPa; and the compressive yield strength increases from 166.1 to 167.9 and 184.4 MPa. The results of the thermal fatigue tests(performed for 300 cycles from room temperature to 800 °C) indicate that the degree of thermal fatigue of the HBAS with 0.29 wt.% C(rating of 2–3) is superior to those of the alloys with 0.19 wt.%(rating of 4–5) and 0.37 wt.%(rating of 3–4) carbon. The main cause of this difference is the ready precipitation of M23(C,B)6-type borocarbides in the alloys with high carbon content during thermal fatigue testing. The precipitation and aggregation of borocarbide particles at the grain boundaries result in the deterioration of the thermal fatigue properties of the alloys.

High-cycle fatigue behavior of Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Y alloy under different states

In this study,the tensile and high-cycle fatigue properties of as-cast,solid solution treated and as-extruded Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Y alloy are investigated.The results show that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of as-cast alloy is 198.1 MPa and 222.5 MPa,which are improved to 274.7 MPa and 321.7 MPa,282.4 MPa and 319.3 MPa after solid solution and extrusion treatment,respectively.The high-cycle fatigue strength(at 10^(7)cycles,R=-1)of as-cast studied alloy is 65 MPa,which is improved to 90 MPa and 105 MPa after solid solution and extrusion treatment,respectively.The improvement of fatigue property of the solid solution treated alloy is mainly due to the lattice distortion caused by solid solution hindering the crack propagation.However,the improvement of fatigue property of the as-extruded alloy is mainly due to that the refined grains,stacked dislocations and dispersed secondary particles impede the crack propagation.

Numerical simulation of thermo-mechanical fatigue properties for particulate reinforced composites

In this paper, a two dimensional Voronoi cell element, formulated with creep, thermal and plastic strain, is applied for the numerical simulation of thermo-mechanical fatigue behavior for particulate reinforced composites. The relation between mechanical fatigue phases and thermal fatigue phases influences the thermo-mechanical fatigue behavior and cyclic creep damage. The topological features of micro-structure in particulate reinforced composites, such as the orientation, depth-width ratio, distribution and volume fraction of inclusions, have a great influence on thermo-mechanical behavior. Some related conclusions are obtained by examples of numerical simulation.

FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF META-BAINITE IN STEEL 40CrMnSiMoVA

The microstructure,strength,toughness and fatigue properties of an ultra-high strength steel 40CrMnSiMoVA have been investigated.The so-called meta-bainite,composed of thin re- tained austenite films within or between the bainitic ferrite lathes was found in the steel after isothermally quenched at 300℃ for 1h.In comparison with the martensite structure obtained by isothermally quenching in martensite range,the meta-bainite has more excellent strength and plasticity,lower notch sensitivity,stronger strain harden ability,higher fatigue strength, longer strain or impact fatigue life,slower crack propagation rate and more remarkable overload effect on increasing fatigue life.

Fatigue properties of friction stir welded butt joint and base metal of MB8 magnesium alloy

The fatigue properties of friction stir welded （FSW） butt joint and base metal of MB8 magnesium alloy were investigated. The comparative fatigue tests were carried out using EHF-EM2OOK2-070-IA fatigue testing machine for both FSW butt joint and base metal specimens. The fatigue fractures were observed and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope of JSM-6063LA type. The experimental results show that the fatigue performance of the FSW butt joint of MB8 magnesium alloy is sharply decreased. The conditional fatigue limit （2 x 106） of base metal and welded butt joint is about 77.44 MPa and 49. 91 MPa, respectively. The conditional fatigue limit （2 x 106 ） of the welded butt joint is 64.45% of that of base metal. The main reasons are that the welding can lead to stress concentration in the flash area, tensile welding residual stress in the welded joint（ The residual stress value was 30. 5 MPa）, as well as the grain size is not uniform in the heat-affected zone. The cleavage steps or quasi-cleavage patterns present on the fatigue fracture surface, the fracture type of the FSW butt joint belongs to a brittle fracture.

Fatigue Properties of Supersteel for Automobiles

The fatigue properties of 400 MPa grade supersteel, plain low carbon steel SS400 and microalloyed steel Q340TM were investigated through tensile-compression fatigue experiment with R =- 1. The results indicate that the fatigue limit of the 400 MPa supersteel is higher than that of SS400 steel and close to that of the 340TM steel. According to the analysis of fatigue fracture, the fatigue striations of supersteel SS400 is thinner than that of SS400 steel and 340TM steel, and grain refinement can increase the fatigue limit.

Rolling-contact-fatigue behavior in backup roll of 5% Cr forged steel

With a focus on the backup roll, a rolling-contact-fatigue experiment was performed on samples of 5% Cr forged steel. The P-S-N fatigue curves were determined and the fatigue strength was calculated. The emergence of cracks on the test-sample surfaces was observed at different fatigue cycles. A micro-hardness tester was used to measure the hardness of the subsurface fatigue layer. The microstructures were analyzed at various magnifications with an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. Based on these tests, the rolling-contact-fatigue mechanism of the large forged steel backup roll was also considered. The results showed that the contact-fatigue strength of the tested backup roll steel was 1 249 MPa;the surface fatigue crack lengthened continuously as the number of cycles increased and followed an S-shaped curve; the subsurface fatigue hardness reached its highest value at about 90 （HV） increment from the matrix hardness of 540 （HV） in the backup roll; the subsurface martensite/bainite microstructure was crushed and the dislocation density was greatly increased. Under alternating contact stresses,the surface/subsurface material was damaged and exhibited many microdefects. At the least, the surface fatigue layer on backup rolls should be fully removed before the microcracks enter a period of rapid propagation.