Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health,a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue includes ...Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health,a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue includes agro-ecological practices such as rotational grazing of locally adapted ruminants.Additionally,growing consumer interest in pasture-finished meat(i.e.,grass-fed)has raised questions about its nutritional composition.Thus,the goal of this study was to determine the impact of two common finishing systems in North American bison—pasture-finished or pen-finished on concentrates for 146 d—on metabolomic,lipidomic,and fatty acid profiles of striploins(M.longissimus lumborum).Results Six hundred and seventy-one(671)out of 1570 profiled compounds(43%)differed between pasture-and penfinished conditions(n=20 animals per group)(all,P<0.05).Relative to pasture-finished animals,the muscle of pen-finished animals displayed elevated glucose metabolites(~1.6-fold),triglycerides(~2-fold),markers of oxidative stress(~1.5-fold),and proteolysis(~1.2-fold).In contrast,pasture-finished animals displayed improved mitochondrial(~1.3-fold higher levels of various Krebs cycle metabolites)and carnitine metabolism(~3-fold higher levels of long-chain acyl carnitines)(all P<0.05).Pasture-finishing also concentrated higher levels of phenolics(~2.3-fold),alpha-tocopherol(~5.8-fold),carotene(~2.0-fold),and very long-chain fatty acids(~1.3-fold)in their meat,while having lower levels of a common advanced lipoxidation(4-hydroxy-nonenal-glutathione;~2-fold)and glycation end-product(N6-carboxymethyllysine;~1.7-fold)(all P<0.05).In contrast,vitamins B5,B6,and C,gamma/beta-tocopherol,and three phenolics commonly found in alfalfa were~2.5-fold higher in pen-finished animals(all P<0.05);suggesting some concentrate feeding,or grazing plants rich in those compounds,may be beneficial.Conclusions Pasture-finishing(i.e.,grass-fed)broadly improves bison metabolic health and accumulates additional potential health-promoting compounds in their meat compared to concentrate finishing in confinement(i.e.,pen-finished).Our data,however,does not indicate that meat from pen-finished bison is therefore unhealthy.The studied bison meat—irrespective of finishing practice—contained favorable omega 6:3 ratios(<3.2),and amino acid and vitamin profiles.Our study represents one of the deepest meat profiling studies to date(>1500 unique compounds),having revealed previously unrecognized differences in animal metabolic health and nutritional composition because of finishing mode.Whether observed nutritional differences have an appreciable effect on human health remains to be determined.展开更多
Background/Purpose: Hispanic/Latinos in the US are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data suggest that avocado intake is associated with better glycemic control, but whether this translates to protection fr...Background/Purpose: Hispanic/Latinos in the US are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data suggest that avocado intake is associated with better glycemic control, but whether this translates to protection from T2D has not been studied. The goal of the current analyses was to examine whether consuming avocados at baseline is associated with lower incident T2D over a six-year period, compared to not consuming avocados at baseline. Subjects/Methods: Using data from a large population of US adults with Hispanic ancestry, without known or unknown T2D at baseline (N = 6159), participants were classified as avocado consumers (N = 983) or non-consumers (N = 5176) based on the mean of two 24-hour dietary recalls. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the association of avocado consumption with incident T2D (N = 656 cases) over a six-year follow-up period, in the population as a whole, and separately in those with normoglycemia vs. prediabetes at baseline. A set of three sequential models were run: the first controlling only for sociodemographic factors (“minimally adjusted” models), the second for these and health behaviors (“fully adjusted” models), and a third for both sets of covariates and also body mass index (BMI;“fully adjusted + BMI” models). Results: In the population as a whole, avocado intake at baseline was associated with reduced incident T2D in both the minimally adjusted (hazard ratio [HR] (±95% confidence intervals [CIs]): 0.70 (0.52 - 0.94), P = 0.04) and the fully adjusted models (HR: 0.72 (0.54 - 0.97), P = 0.03). This association was observed in both those with prediabetes and with normoglycemia at baseline, but only reached significance in those with prediabetes (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.68 (0.48 - 0.97), P = 0.03;fully adjusted model: HR: 0.69 (0.48 - 0.98), P = 0.04), not in those with normoglycemia (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.86 (0.45 - 1.65), P = 0.65;fully adjusted model: HR: 0.80 (0.41 - 1.55), P = 0.50). In models which additionally controlled for BMI (“fully adjusted + BMI model”), the associations were slightly attenuated (overall population: HR: 0.79 (0.59 - 1.06), P = 0.60;normoglycemia: HR: 0.83 (0.42 - 1.64), P = 0.60;prediabetes: HR = 0.75 (0.54 - 1.05), P = 0.09). Conclusions: In our longitudinal analyses, adults with Hispanic/Latino ancestry who consumed avocado were less likely to develop T2D than those who did not consume avocado at baseline, especially if they had prediabetes at baseline.展开更多
The United States have played a role of vanguard and promoter in both of introducing the concept of “trade in services” and developing FATS statistics. Behind what have the US done for the international system of tr...The United States have played a role of vanguard and promoter in both of introducing the concept of “trade in services” and developing FATS statistics. Behind what have the US done for the international system of trade in services,there are its earlier develop advantage and the huge economic and trade benefit in its trade in services with the rest of the world.展开更多
[目的]汉化高血压依从性促进与障碍因素量表(Facilitators of and Barriers to Adherence to Hypertension Treatment Scale,FATS),并检验中文版本的信度和效度。[方法]遵循Brislin翻译原则,采用专家咨询法进行文化调适,形成中文版FATS...[目的]汉化高血压依从性促进与障碍因素量表(Facilitators of and Barriers to Adherence to Hypertension Treatment Scale,FATS),并检验中文版本的信度和效度。[方法]遵循Brislin翻译原则,采用专家咨询法进行文化调适,形成中文版FATS量表。于2017年10月8日—11月10日,在广州市某三级甲等医院心内科住院部、某社区医院和某居民小区选取215例高血压病人,使用一般资料调查问卷、中文版FATS量表、高血压治疗依从性量表进行调查,并进行信效度检验。[结果]中文版FATS量表共16个条目,探索性因子分析共提取4个公因子(自我管理与积极个人行为、高血压治疗依从性的障碍、高血压知识、社会支持),累计贡献率为63.63%。整个量表Cronbach′sα系数为0.832,各维度Cronbach′sα系数分别为0.822,0.831,0.567,0.969,重测信度0.868,聚合效度0.685,全部条目的平均内容效度为0.970,各条目I-CVI指数为0.830～1.000。[结论]中文版FATS量表适用于评估中国人群高血压治疗依从性的影响因素。展开更多
基金supported by the Turner Institute of Ecoagriculturesupported by an AFRI Post-Doctoral Fellowship[grant no.2021-67034-35118/project accession no.1026420]from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture during project performance。
文摘Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health,a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue includes agro-ecological practices such as rotational grazing of locally adapted ruminants.Additionally,growing consumer interest in pasture-finished meat(i.e.,grass-fed)has raised questions about its nutritional composition.Thus,the goal of this study was to determine the impact of two common finishing systems in North American bison—pasture-finished or pen-finished on concentrates for 146 d—on metabolomic,lipidomic,and fatty acid profiles of striploins(M.longissimus lumborum).Results Six hundred and seventy-one(671)out of 1570 profiled compounds(43%)differed between pasture-and penfinished conditions(n=20 animals per group)(all,P<0.05).Relative to pasture-finished animals,the muscle of pen-finished animals displayed elevated glucose metabolites(~1.6-fold),triglycerides(~2-fold),markers of oxidative stress(~1.5-fold),and proteolysis(~1.2-fold).In contrast,pasture-finished animals displayed improved mitochondrial(~1.3-fold higher levels of various Krebs cycle metabolites)and carnitine metabolism(~3-fold higher levels of long-chain acyl carnitines)(all P<0.05).Pasture-finishing also concentrated higher levels of phenolics(~2.3-fold),alpha-tocopherol(~5.8-fold),carotene(~2.0-fold),and very long-chain fatty acids(~1.3-fold)in their meat,while having lower levels of a common advanced lipoxidation(4-hydroxy-nonenal-glutathione;~2-fold)and glycation end-product(N6-carboxymethyllysine;~1.7-fold)(all P<0.05).In contrast,vitamins B5,B6,and C,gamma/beta-tocopherol,and three phenolics commonly found in alfalfa were~2.5-fold higher in pen-finished animals(all P<0.05);suggesting some concentrate feeding,or grazing plants rich in those compounds,may be beneficial.Conclusions Pasture-finishing(i.e.,grass-fed)broadly improves bison metabolic health and accumulates additional potential health-promoting compounds in their meat compared to concentrate finishing in confinement(i.e.,pen-finished).Our data,however,does not indicate that meat from pen-finished bison is therefore unhealthy.The studied bison meat—irrespective of finishing practice—contained favorable omega 6:3 ratios(<3.2),and amino acid and vitamin profiles.Our study represents one of the deepest meat profiling studies to date(>1500 unique compounds),having revealed previously unrecognized differences in animal metabolic health and nutritional composition because of finishing mode.Whether observed nutritional differences have an appreciable effect on human health remains to be determined.
文摘Background/Purpose: Hispanic/Latinos in the US are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data suggest that avocado intake is associated with better glycemic control, but whether this translates to protection from T2D has not been studied. The goal of the current analyses was to examine whether consuming avocados at baseline is associated with lower incident T2D over a six-year period, compared to not consuming avocados at baseline. Subjects/Methods: Using data from a large population of US adults with Hispanic ancestry, without known or unknown T2D at baseline (N = 6159), participants were classified as avocado consumers (N = 983) or non-consumers (N = 5176) based on the mean of two 24-hour dietary recalls. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the association of avocado consumption with incident T2D (N = 656 cases) over a six-year follow-up period, in the population as a whole, and separately in those with normoglycemia vs. prediabetes at baseline. A set of three sequential models were run: the first controlling only for sociodemographic factors (“minimally adjusted” models), the second for these and health behaviors (“fully adjusted” models), and a third for both sets of covariates and also body mass index (BMI;“fully adjusted + BMI” models). Results: In the population as a whole, avocado intake at baseline was associated with reduced incident T2D in both the minimally adjusted (hazard ratio [HR] (±95% confidence intervals [CIs]): 0.70 (0.52 - 0.94), P = 0.04) and the fully adjusted models (HR: 0.72 (0.54 - 0.97), P = 0.03). This association was observed in both those with prediabetes and with normoglycemia at baseline, but only reached significance in those with prediabetes (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.68 (0.48 - 0.97), P = 0.03;fully adjusted model: HR: 0.69 (0.48 - 0.98), P = 0.04), not in those with normoglycemia (minimally adjusted model: HR: 0.86 (0.45 - 1.65), P = 0.65;fully adjusted model: HR: 0.80 (0.41 - 1.55), P = 0.50). In models which additionally controlled for BMI (“fully adjusted + BMI model”), the associations were slightly attenuated (overall population: HR: 0.79 (0.59 - 1.06), P = 0.60;normoglycemia: HR: 0.83 (0.42 - 1.64), P = 0.60;prediabetes: HR = 0.75 (0.54 - 1.05), P = 0.09). Conclusions: In our longitudinal analyses, adults with Hispanic/Latino ancestry who consumed avocado were less likely to develop T2D than those who did not consume avocado at baseline, especially if they had prediabetes at baseline.
文摘The United States have played a role of vanguard and promoter in both of introducing the concept of “trade in services” and developing FATS statistics. Behind what have the US done for the international system of trade in services,there are its earlier develop advantage and the huge economic and trade benefit in its trade in services with the rest of the world.
文摘[目的]汉化高血压依从性促进与障碍因素量表(Facilitators of and Barriers to Adherence to Hypertension Treatment Scale,FATS),并检验中文版本的信度和效度。[方法]遵循Brislin翻译原则,采用专家咨询法进行文化调适,形成中文版FATS量表。于2017年10月8日—11月10日,在广州市某三级甲等医院心内科住院部、某社区医院和某居民小区选取215例高血压病人,使用一般资料调查问卷、中文版FATS量表、高血压治疗依从性量表进行调查,并进行信效度检验。[结果]中文版FATS量表共16个条目,探索性因子分析共提取4个公因子(自我管理与积极个人行为、高血压治疗依从性的障碍、高血压知识、社会支持),累计贡献率为63.63%。整个量表Cronbach′sα系数为0.832,各维度Cronbach′sα系数分别为0.822,0.831,0.567,0.969,重测信度0.868,聚合效度0.685,全部条目的平均内容效度为0.970,各条目I-CVI指数为0.830～1.000。[结论]中文版FATS量表适用于评估中国人群高血压治疗依从性的影响因素。
