Using the EMD Method to Determine Fault Criterion for Medium-low Pressure Gas Regulators

By extracting the outlet pressure data of gas regulators,this paper uses the EMD toolbox of the MATLAB software,which can perform data decomposition and the Hilbert-Huang Transform to find the rules with fault data.Eventually,the medium-low pressure gas regulator fault criterion can be established.

Dynamic analysis of fault rockburst based on gradient-dependent plasticity and energy criterion

Fault rockburst is treated as a strain localization problem under dynamicloading condition considering strain gradient and strain rate. As a kind of dynamic fracturephenomena, rockburst has characteristics of strain localization, which is considered as aone-dimensional shear problem subjected to normal compressive stress and tangential shear stress.The constitutive relation of rock material is bilinear (elastic and strain softening) and sensitiveto shear strain rate. The solutions proposed based on gradient-dependent plasticity show thatintense plastic strain is concentrated in fault band and the thickness of the band depends on thecharacteristic length of rock material. The post-peak stiffness of the fault band was determinedaccording to the constitutive parameters of rock material and shear strain rate. Fault bandundergoing strain softening and elastic rock mass outside the band constitute a system and theinstability criterion of the system was proposed based on energy theory. The criterion depends onthe constitutive relation of rock material, the structural size and the strain rate. The staticresult regardless of the strain rate is the special case of the present analytical solution. Highstrain rate can lead to instability of the system.

Decision-Making Method for Problem of Goal Type Based on Evaluation Criterion

The presently existing decision making method for problem of goal type, i.e. the goal programming, is popular to some extent. In this paper we analyzed the features of the problem and the method,based on which we found some defects of the method and pointed out these defects. To overcome these defects we absorbed the spirit and exploited concepts of evaluation criterion and the fault measure of evaluation criterion. We proposed and applied a method with an evaluation criterion, after which we also p...

Multi Objective Decision Making Method Based on Evaluation Criterion for Problems with Linear Value Function

A class of interactive multi objective decision making method by means of evaluation criterion is proposed for problems with linear value function,in which case,the decision maker(DM) usually has only unwhole information of weights for objectives. The concept of fault measure of the evaluation criterion is proposed to measure the deviation of the evaluation criterion from the DMs preference structure.The approach to obtain an upper boundary of fault measure of an evaluation criterion,and the approach to modify the evaluation criterion to be one with smaller fault measure,and the approach to obtain a pre optimized objective set by evaluation criterion with certain fault measure are also proposed.

Theoretical and experimental study of 3-D initial fracture and its significance to faulting

The experimental results of 3-D fracture under compression are introduced in brief and the theory of stress criterion of 3-D fracture is studied. Methods to imitate initial fractures are developed. It is pointed that there are important defects in the extreme value （EV） method ever proposed by Palaniswamy and Knauss. The major defect lies in that only two Euler angles （2EA） are considered, but another one is neglected. If the variation of all the three Euler angles （3EA） are considered, one can get better result which is consistent with the observation of faulting that extends on curved surfaces but not on planes. The method of evaluating maximal normal stress direction vector （NSDV） is proposed and further proved to be equivalent to the 3EA method. It is proved that the NSDV method can be further optimized to the method of composition of the first principal differential plane （CFPDP）. The results from CFPDP method can fit the curved surfaces of initial growth observed in the experiments of 3-D fracture. The CFPDP method can also be used to interpret the 3-D fractures of the slipping section between the asperities in the buried fault plane that is modeled as ellipse crack. The results of 3-D fracture can be applied to interpreting the related problems of faulting including the mechanism of a lot of shatter rocks with different dimensions, the cause of earthquakes occurred at the edge of plate under low shear stress, and the mechanism of anisotropy caused by the extensive dilatancy anisotropy （EDA） cracks.

On the Reactivation of the Pre-Existing Normal Fault

The reactivation of pre-existing faults is a common phenomenon in a basin. This paper discusses the relationship between the pre-existing faults and the newly formed Coulomb shear fractures regarding pore fluid pressures. Based on the Coulomb fracture criterion and Byerlee frictional sliding criterion, an equation relating pore pressure coefficient (λe), minimum dip angle (αe) of the reactive pre-existing fault and the intersection point depth (z) between the pre-existing fault and a newly formed Coulomb shear fault in an extensional basin, is established in this paper. This equation enhanced the understanding on the reactivation of pre-existing faults and can be used to calculate paleo-pore fluid pressures. The bigger the pore fluid pressure in a pre-existing fault is, the less the minimum dip angle for a reactive pre-existing fault will be. The minimum dip angle is less in shallow area than that in deep area. This will be of significance in petroleum exploration and development.

The Maximum Effective Moment Criterion (MEMC) and Its Implications in Structural Geology

The MohroCoulomb criterion has been widely used to explain formation of fractures. However, it fails to explain large strain deformation that widely occurs in nature. There is presently a new theory, the MEMC, which is mathematically expressed as Meff = （（σ1-σ3） L.sin 2α sin α）/2, where σ1-σ3 represents the yield strength of the related rock, L is a unit length and a is the angle between σ1 and deformation bands. This criterion demonstrates that the maximum value appears at angles of ±54.7° to σ1 and there is a slight difference in the moment in the range of 55°±10°. The range covers the whole observations available from nature and experiments. Its major implications include： （1） it can be used to determine the stress state when the related deformation features formed; （2） it provides a new approach to determine the Wk of the related ductile shear zone if only the ratio of the vorticity and strain rate remains fixed; （3） It can be used to explain （a） the obtuse angle in the contraction direction of conjugate kink-bands and extensional crenulation cleavages, （b） formation of low-angle normal faults and high-angle reverse faults, （c） lozenge ductile shear zones in basement terranes, （d） some crocodile structures in seismic profiles and （e） detachment folds in foreland basins.

基于经验模态分解停止准则的振动筛轴承故障诊断

在数控振动筛运行速度大幅增加对轴承的运行稳定性提出了更高的要求,分析其故障信号并及时诊断是关键。为了弥补经验模态分解EMD方法依然有着模态混叠、包络过度以及包络不足等问题,筛分引入分解停止准则对其迭代计算进行加强,设计了一种基于经验模态分解停止准则的轴承故障诊断方法。通过仿真信号分析得到,该方法得到较少的本征模态函数(IMF)和均方根差(RMSE)数值,在算法时间层面具有优势性。所提方式在噪声较大的环境下对于分解信号有着较强的鲁棒性。

基于优化堆叠自编码器的故障诊断方法

针对当前堆叠自编码器故障诊断方法在识别有效分类特征方面的缺陷,提出一种基于Fisher判别准则优化的堆叠自编码器故障诊断方法。将Fisher判别准则中寻找最佳投影方向的特征学习方法融入到堆叠自编码器的预训练中,利用样本标签信息在堆叠自编码器的逐层非线性映射中学习最佳的投影方向。在Fisher判别准则优化的损失函数约束下训练,增加不同类别故障特征的类间距离,减小同类别特征的类内距离。由于在堆叠自编码器的预训练中,同时设计最小化重构特征和最大化分类特征的约束条件,预训练后的堆叠自编码器能够提取到更有效的特征信息,以提升最终故障诊断的准确率。通过在Tennessee Eastman(TE)化工过程的应用验证了所提故障诊断方法的可行性。

Fold catastrophe model of strike-slip fault earthquake

Using a differential form of the potential energy function and taking the effect of work applied by external force in far field into account, the mechanism of strike-slip fault earthquake is analyzed. The research indicates that each characteristic displayed with a fold catastrophe model in the catastrophe theory corresPonds to a specific primary characteristic of the strike-slip fault earthquake. The fold catastrophe can describe the positions of starting and end points of a fault failure and the distance of fault dislocation. These include the description of stability of the surrounding rock-fault system before and after the earthquake. Two different illustrations about elastic energy releasing amount of the surrounding rock with the fault failure are shown with the primary characteristics mutually demonstrated. The intensity of strike-slip fault earthquake is related to the surrounding rock press and the stiffness ratio of surrounding rock and fault. The larger the surrounding rock press, the smaller the stiffness ratio. The larger the included angle between the tangential stress axis and the causative fault surface, the stronger the earthquake.

适用于同杆双回线路接地故障改进跳闸与分相自适应重合闸策略

同杆双回线路发生接地故障时采用传统跳闸策略可能会产生负序分量,传统自动重合闸方案在合闸前不判定故障性质,重合失败时将影响系统稳定性。针对该问题,提出一种适用于同杆双回线路接地故障改进跳闸与分相自适应重合闸策略。首先,建立同杆双回输电线路各相之间的耦合模型并对其进行分析,提出一种能够避免负序分量注入系统的改进跳闸策略;其次,分别对瞬时性故障情况下和永久性故障情况下电容耦合电压特性进行分析,提出基于故障相电容耦合电压的故障性质判据;最后,结合改进跳闸策略和合闸策略,形成了适用于同杆双回输电线路接地故障分相自适应重合闸策略。通过PSCAD/EMTDC仿真验证了所提分相自适应重合闸策略能够避免负序分量注入系统,以及在不同接地故障类型、故障位置和过渡电阻情况下都能保证输电线路的重合成功率。

基于故障距离的微电网系统线路保护方法分析

配置快速、有效的线路保护方案是电源分散就地技术发展的关键。针对微电网线路保护问题,提出基于故障距离的微电网系统线路保护方法。通过构建包含故障信号的等效电气量方程,并推导出故障距离的解析表达式,确立1种多端线路保护的判据,再将此方法扩展到含有多个电源接入的电力网络中。算例分析表明,所提判据方法可靠性较高,可有效避免因保护装置整定值设定不合理而导致的误动或拒动问题。

适用于带并抗的同杆双回线接地故障分相自适应重合闸策略

同杆双回线发生接地故障采用传统跳闸策略时可能会产生负序分量,传统自动重合闸方案在合闸前不判定故障性质,重合失败时将影响系统稳定性。针对该问题,提出了一种适用于带并抗的同杆双回线接地故障改进跳闸与分相自适应重合闸策略。首先,通过建立带并抗的同杆双回线各相之间的耦合模型并对其进行分析,提出了一种能够避免负序分量注入系统的改进跳闸策略。其次,分别对瞬时性故障和永久性故障情况下的故障相并联电抗器电流特征分析,提出了基于故障相并联电抗器微分栅电流的故障性质判据。最后,结合改进跳闸策略和故障性质判据,形成了适用于带并抗的同杆双回线接地故障分相自适应重合闸策略。PSCAD/EMTDC仿真验证了所提改进跳闸与分相自适应重合闸策略能够避免负序分量注入系统,以及在不同接地故障类型、故障位置和过渡电阻情况下都能保证输电线路重合成功率。

基于判据融合的异步电动机定子绕组匝间短路诊断

为解决定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断中常见异常运行工况干扰的问题,提出一种基于判据融合的异步电动机定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断方案。首先,考虑到故障特征之间的关联性,提出一种以电流特征为主、电压特征为辅的融合判据;然后,通过融合判据对定子绕组匝间短路故障及故障相进行诊断;最后,通过仿真实验证明了该方案的有效性。

唐山矿0291工作面断层活化判别方法及稳定性评价

断层构造的存在破坏附近煤岩体的完整性,使得工作面在回采过程中较寻常地质回采时应力特征发生变化。为保障唐山矿0291工作面安全通过断层,考虑地应力大小与方向、断层面产状和断层力学参数等综合因素,构建了断层稳定性的判据方程,获得判据值f;当f小于0时,断层相对稳定,当f接近于0值时,该断层为临界不稳定状态。通过FLAC3D数值模拟软件建立0291工作面回采的数值模型,模拟结果表明:受采动影响,工作面超前5~30 m间应力集中现象明显,对工作面范围内断层的影响较大,应力峰值出现在工作面超前10 m位置。建立监测测点,提取工作面范围内的地应力数据,按照文中理论计算了唐山矿0291工作面内12条断层的f值,结果表明,该工作面内断层的f值均小于0,进而确定0291工作面内相对稳定,在回采过程中的活化可能较小。

基于多特征量判据的新型配电系统早期故障检测

高比例新能源接入下新型配电系统故障特性发生显著变化,运行方式多变、短路电流受限。电弧类早期故障是系统发生短路前的征兆,通过提前对早期故障的有效识别能够避免新型配电系统短路故障难以隔离的问题。首先,建立了早期故障的电气量与温度量定量解析模型,通过理论分析指出仅依靠单一的电气量或温度量均难以实现可靠的检测;然后,综合电信号的快速性和热信号的高灵敏性和可靠性,将电弧功率作为复合特征量来判别早期故障,提出了结合电流量与温度量的早期故障检测方法;最后,通过PSCAD仿真、现场数据及实验室模拟故障试验证明了该方法的有效性。

基于全电流方向特征的低压配电网故障定位方法研究及分析

大量柔性负荷接入低压配电网,使配电网潮流分布变得复杂,信号畸变严重,过流特征微弱,故障特征不明显,基于工频信号的故障定位方案不再适用。文章首先利用电流全波有效值和故障电流相位改进了故障判据,构造了新的适应度函数表达式,然后搭建了面向低压配电网的区段故障定位分层降维分析模型,最终得到了基于全电流方向特征的低压配电网故障定位方法,并进行了仿真验证。结果表明该方法能够快速准确识别判定故障信息,不受畸变信息干扰。

浅谈汽车支撑杆的故障判定与分析

研究了汽车支撑杆结构出现的异响、漏油、开闭失效等故障,分析了支撑杆故障现象,并诊断故障部位,分类总结了故障判定方法,列举故障可能产生的原因。旨在帮助汽车用户进行车辆日常维护,延长零件使用寿命;帮助汽车修理厂快速培养售后维修人才,提升索赔工作的准确度和效率。

基于Fisher标签字典学习的齿轮箱故障诊断方法研究

齿轮箱结构复杂,工作环境恶劣,导致难以有效诊断其故障。传统稀疏表示方法缺乏对字典原子和稀疏编码的约束,不能体现出信号的结构特性。提出Fisher标签字典学习算法。首先构建Fisher约束项,学习样本的类内和类间特征;然后引入样本标签信息,构建标签约束项,将样本标签与每个字典原子相关联;最后采用最优方向法实现误差最小化,字典与稀疏编码交替更新,提高字典学习的识别率。通过实验数据对比分析,该方法在稀疏编码、原子聚类等方面均优于传统稀疏表示方法,可对齿轮箱故障进行有效诊断。

基于互相关系数法与峭度准则的EEMD BP轴承故障诊断

为提高滚动轴承故障诊断的准确率,提出了基于互相关系数法与峭度准则的EEMD BP滚动轴承故障诊断方法。针对由于采集仪器或外界环境因素,振动信号掺杂着不同程度的噪声造成诊断精度低的问题,首先,通过EEMD分解得到若干个IMF,消除信号的模态混叠和端点效应;其次,通过互相关系数法与峭度准则选取IMF分量进行信号重构,从而实现振动信号降噪;然后,利用BP网络对轴承进行故障诊断;最后,将基于互相关系数法、峭度准则、EEMD降噪的数据与原始数据,输入BP网络进行测试对比,验证滚动轴承诊断的有效性。结果表明,EEMD BP模型诊断精度达97.33%,比BP模型高23.16%,能够有效且准确地对轴承进行故障诊断。提出的EEMD与互相关系数法、峭度准则融合的降噪方法适用于轴承的故障诊断。