FC-TBL教学模式在生物制品学课程中的实践研究

生物制品学是以现代生物技术为核心的一门新的独立学科,其研究成果在全球重大、流行性疾病的预防、治疗、诊断中发挥了不可忽视的作用。本研究以培养创新型生物技术人才为目标,在生物制品学课程中开展了以互联网+学习平台为基础的“自主初探+团队协作+师生探讨”相结合的以团队为基础的翻转课堂(flipped classroom and team-based learning,FC-TBL)教学模式,并从教学设计、教学资源平台建设、教学评价体系建立3个方面总结了该教学模式的实践经验,以期为相关教学研究提供参考。

In vitro antimicrobial effects of grape seed extract on peri-implantitis microflora in craniofacial implants

Objective:To determine the antimicrobial effects of grape seed on peri-implantitis microflora.Methods:The grape seed extract was tested against peri-implantitis microflora most commonly found in craniofacial implants including reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Escherichia coli(E.coli),Candida albicans(C.albicans)and clinical strains of S.aureus,Klebsiella pneumonia(K.pneumonia)and Candida parapsilosis(C.parapsilosis)by disk diffusion test.Minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)and minimum cidal concentrations(MCC)were determined using modified agar dilution millpore method.The extract was further combined with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol,and was tested for antimicrobial effects.Results:Grape seed extract showed positive inhibitory effects with S.aureus at MIC of 0.625 mg/mL and MCC of1.25 mg/mL respectively.However the extracts showed minimal or no reactivity against strains of E.coli,K.pneumonia,C.parapsilosis and C.albicans.The use of grape seed extract in combination with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol also showed dose dependent inhibitory effect on S.aureus.Conclusions:The results of the study showed that grape seed has potential antimicrobial effects which can be further studied and developed to be used in the treatment of infected skinabutment interface of craniofacial implants.

Expression of cellular fibronectin mRNA in adult periodontitis and peri-implantitis: a real-time polymerase chain reaction study

Cellular fibronectin （cFn） is a type of bioactive non-collagen glycoprotein regarded as the main substance used to maintain periodontal attachment. The content of cFn in some specific sites can reflect the progress of periodontitis or peri-implantitis. This study aims to evaluate the expression of cFn messenger RNA （mRNA） in tissues of adult periodontitis and peri-implantitis by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and to determine its clinical significance. A total of 30 patients were divided into three groups of 10： healthy, adult periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Periodontal tissue biopsies （1 mmx I mmx I mm） from each patient were frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was extracted from these tissues, and the content, purity and integrity were detected. Specific primers were designed according to the sequence, and the mRNA expression levels of cellular fibronectin were detected by real-time PCR. The purity and integrity of the extracted total RNA were both high, and the specificity of amplified genes was very high with no other pollution. The mRNA expression of cFn in the adult periodontitis group （1.526＋0.441） was lower than that in the healthy group （3.253＋0.736）. However, the mRNA expression of cFn in the peri-implantitis group （3.965＋0.537） was significantly higher than that in the healthy group. The difference revealed that although both processes were destructive inflammatory reactions in the periodontium, the pathomechanisms were different and the variation started from the transcription level of the cFn gene.

Peri-implantitis and periodontitis: Use of bacteriological test in dental practice

Peri-implantitis has been defined as an inflamematory condition involving dental implants, surrounding mucosa and bone, which lose supporting bone. Although high success rates for endosseous implants have been reported, failures occur, and some implants are lost or removed. At least 10% of the failures have been suggested to be the result of peri-implantitis. One of the major causes of the peri-implantitis is the bacterial colonization of implant surfaces but additional risk factors such as periodontitis, poor oral hygiene, tobacco consumption, prepost operative therapies and genetic susceptibility should be considered. In the present study a real-time PCR bases assay was designed to detect and quantify red complex species, then used to investigate 307 periodontal pocket samples from 127 periodontitis patients and 180 controls. Results demonstrated a significant higher prevalence of red complex species and increased amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticolain periodontal pocket of periodontitis. Since a higher risk of peri-implantitis occurs in periodontally affected patients, detection and treatment of bacteria is a fundamental objective to ensure dental implant survival.

基于网络药理学探究三七皂苷Ft1和Fc治疗血栓的潜在位点分析

为探讨三七中活性成分三七皂苷Ft1和Fc治疗血栓疾病的作用机制,通过Swiss Target Prediction、Super-pred、BindingDB数据库检索三七Ft1、Fc靶点,在OMIM、Gene Cards、Drug Bank数据库中检索与血栓疾病发生相关靶点,借助Venny网站和STRING数据库建立靶蛋白互作网络模型,使用Centiscape 2.2进行拓扑参数分析,并且对三七Ft1和Fc核心靶点进行GO、KEGG通路富集分析,最后进行分子对接验证。结果表明,三七皂苷Ft1、Fc分别有90和149个预测靶点,4303个与血栓疾病发生相关靶点,维恩图分析核心靶点分别为14和18个,其中三七Ft1与其核心靶点STAT3、VEGFA、HSP90AA1紧密结合,三七Fc与其核心靶点STAT3、VEGFA、CXCR4紧密结合。基于网络药理学,探讨三七皂苷Ft1和Fc治疗血栓多靶点和多途径的特性,为三七皂苷Ft1和Fc治疗血栓疾病的研究提供了新思路。

抗体药物Fc段结构域改造研究进展

抗体是生物体内应对外来物质入侵时产生的主要保护物质,是保护生物体的重要分子。对抗体的Fc段进行改造可有效延长抗体的半衰期,大大减少给药剂量;Fc段介导的抗体效应子的功能也可以根据疾病特殊性进行上调或下调,实现治疗效果最大化。同时,仅有Fc片段的抗体,也可具备结合抗原的能力,通过缩小抗体分子的大小,可大大减少抗体分子量大的限制,为抗体药物的开发提供了新的方向。此外,除抗肿瘤作用外,抗体分子在抗感染领域也发挥了重要的作用。对抗感染中和抗体Fc区进行工程改造,可有效促进保护性的细胞免疫效应,增强抗病毒活性并延长半衰期。本文总结了抗体Fc结构域的功能特性及优化策略,并介绍Fc结构域优化改造所介导的生物学效应及在临床治疗中的应用与发展。

新生儿Fc受体及其抑制剂在原发免疫性血小板减少症中的研究进展

原发免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)是一种由血小板自身抗体介导的自身免疫性疾病,大多数ITP患者具有免疫球蛋白G(IgG)亚型的抗血小板抗体,其通过与血小板和巨核细胞上糖蛋白的相互作用导致血小板破坏增加和抑制血小板的生成。新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)用于维持人体内IgG水平稳态。通过FcRn抑制剂靶向FcRn可以降低血液中的致病性IgG,证明了其对治疗ITP和其他自身免疫性疾病有效,并在一定程度上可改善ITP患者的血小板计数。efgartigimod、Rozanolixizumab均可与FcRn结合进而导致循环IgG减少。FcRn抑制剂还能间接延长罗米司亭的半衰期以提高治疗效果。本综述简要总结了ITP中血小板的破坏和生成抑制机制、FcRn和FcRn抑制剂作用的分子机制、FcRn抑制剂在ITP中的应用以及FcRn与罗米司亭、静脉注射Ig的联系。

复方双黄连制剂对单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)Fc/C3b受体活性和分泌功能的影响

【目的】探究复方双黄连制剂对巨噬细胞吞噬能力和分泌功能的影响,为复方双黄连的深度开发及畜禽用药的合理选择提供科学依据。【方法】将金银花、黄芩、连翘、穿心莲干燥粉碎后分别制备浸膏,按照比例制备双黄连口服液(金银花∶黄芩∶连翘=1∶1∶2)、复方双黄连口服液(金银花∶黄芩∶连翘∶穿心莲=1∶1∶2∶2)及穿心莲口服液,调节pH为7.0,生药浓度为1 g/mL。3种药物作用于小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,确定3种药物安全浓度,将药物最大安全浓度以二倍稀释法稀释为3个浓度;采用脂多糖(LPS)和氢化考的松琥珀酸钠(HCSS)作用于RAW264.7细胞模拟机体炎症和免疫抑制状态,3种药物作用于这2种状态的细胞和正常细胞,采用YC、EA玫瑰花环法及中性红吞噬法检测巨噬细胞Fc/C3b受体活性和吞噬能力,采用ELISA法检测巨噬细胞分泌能力。【结果】复方双黄连、双黄连、穿心莲的安全浓度分别为0.625~2.5、3.125~12.5和0.625~2.5 mg/mL。不同浓度复方双黄连、双黄连、穿心莲作用于巨噬细胞,细胞吞噬能力均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05)。复方双黄连可降低LPS巨噬细胞RAW264.7活跃的吞噬能力,增强HCSS巨噬细胞RAW264.7吞噬能力;不同浓度复方双黄连可使活化的巨噬细胞Fc/C3b受体活性下降,低下的Fc/C3b受体活性增强;不同浓度复方双黄连具有促进巨噬细胞分泌一氧化氮(NO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)及溶菌酶(LZM)的作用,抑制LPS巨噬细胞NO、TNF-α、IFN-γ及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的分泌。【结论】复方双黄连可通过活化巨噬细胞Fc/C3b受体活性以增强机体免疫力和抗炎能力,同时对已活化的巨噬细胞分泌功能起到抑制作用,以减少由于免疫功能亢进造成的机体损伤。研究结果为中兽药复方双黄连的深度开发提供了参考依据。

免疫球蛋白G Fc段结合蛋白低表达与结肠腺癌预后指标的相关性研究

目的探究免疫球蛋白G Fc段结合蛋白(FCGBP)低表达与结肠腺癌预后指标的相关性。方法收集TCGA数据库和基因型组织表达数据库中记录结肠腺癌肿瘤组织数据的455例患者(观察组)和记录癌旁组织数据的41例患者(对照组)。以FCGBP表达水平中间值(6.126 TPM)为标准,将观察组患者分为FCGBP高表达组(228例)和FCGBP低表达组(227例)。剔除失访患者后,按照“是否发生转移”将观察组患者分为转移组(52例)和非转移组(333例)。比较FCGBP高表达组和FCGBP低表达组患者的一般资料,比较观察组和对照组FCGBP mRNA的表达水平,比较转移组、非转移组与对照组FCGBP mRNA的表达水平。采用Log-rank检验绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线对转移组和非转移组患者进行生存分析,采用Cox回归方法分析评估FCGBP基因的表达在结肠腺癌中的预后价值。对FCGBP基因的表达情况和免疫细胞浸润水平进行Spearman相关性分析并绘图。结果FCGBP高表达组中浸润深度为T3~T4、临床分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、淋巴结转移和远处转移的比例均低于FCGBP低表达组,FCGBP高表达组中浸润深度为T1~T2和临床分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期的比例均高于FCGBP低表达组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。转移组和非转移组FCGBP相对表达量均低于对照组[(5.0±2.1)TPM、(5.9±2.1)TPM比(9.5±1.0)TPM],转移组低于非转移组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果表明转移组的中位生存期低于非转移组(2.1年比8.2年),差异具有统计学意义(Log-rank P<0.001)。Cox回归方法分析表明FCGBP表达水平越低,患者的总生存期越短,预后越差(风险比=4.434,95%置信区间:2.778~7.077,P<0.001)。Spearman相关性分析结果表明结肠腺癌患者的FCGBP基因的表达与B淋巴细胞、CD_(4)^(+)T细胞、CD_(8)^(+)T细胞、中性粒细胞和树突状细胞的浸润水平呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论低水平FCGBP mRNA与结肠腺癌患者不良预后有关,并且与结肠腺癌患者肿瘤免疫浸润情况关系密切,有望成为结肠腺癌预后的生物标志物。

Comparative Cytological and Histopathological Study of Peri-Implantitis and Periodontitis

Peri-implant diseases, such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, pose significant challenges to the long-term prognosis of dental implants. This study aimed to comprehensively compare peri-implantitis with periodontitis from cytological and histopathological perspectives, shedding light on the morphological characteristics associated with peri-implantitis. Thirteen patients, including six with peri-implantitis and seven with periodontitis, were included in the study. Cytological examination of affected gingival mucosa revealed distinct differences between the two conditions. Peri-implantitis exhibited an inflammatory background predominantly composed of neutrophils with lobulated nuclei, accompanied by stratified squamous epithelial cells showing signs of keratinization. In contrast, periodontitis showed a similar neutrophilic inflammatory background but with non-keratinized epithelial cells. Histopathological examination further confirmed these differences, with peri-implantitis showing keratinized epithelium in the inner epithelial layer. This histological finding aligns with the notion that peri-implantitis has a distinct mucosal profile compared to periodontitis. Additionally, cytological analysis revealed that peri-implantitis had a lower occurrence rate of Light green-positive cells, indicating a tendency toward keratinization. This finding suggests that the presence of keratinized mucosa might be associated with peri-implant health, although further research is needed to clarify this relationship. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of cytological examination and Papanicolaou staining for assessing mucosal inflammatory conditions and distinguishing between keratinized and non-keratinized cells. These findings underscore the utility of oral mucosal smears as a valuable tool for diagnosing peri-implantitis and enhancing our understanding of its pathogenesis.

Investigation of Bacteria Species Most Involved in Peri-Implantitis

Purpose: Currently, bacteriological examinations of implant treatments target periodontopathic bacteria such as red complex bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, and detect them qualitatively or quantitatively. However, it seems that those examinations do not reflect the peri-implant tissue conditions precisely, because periodontopathic bacteria are also frequently detected from healthy peri-implant sites. The purpose of the present study was to investigate bacteria species most involved in peri-implantitis using a PCR method. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers in this study were designed based on partial sequences of 16S rDNA of bacteria species involved in peri-implantitis that were described in numerous previous studies. Peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) samples were collected from thirty periodontally healthy patients with implants (HI) and thirty patients with peri-implantitis (PI). Each detection frequency of bacteria species in PISFs of both groups was investigated using a PCR method, and was compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results: In PI group, detection frequencies of Corynebacterium durum, Fretibacterium fastidiosum and Slackia exigua were significantly higher than those of HI group (p P. gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia belonging to red complex were frequently detected in the PISF samples of HI group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It was suggested that monitoring C. durum and F. fastidiosum levels in PISF samples was useful as a clinical indicator for the evaluation of peri-implant tissue conditions.

基于FCS MPC的TNPC UPQC补偿策略研究

针对传统统一电能质量控制器(UPQC)控制策略存在控制性能不佳的问题,以三电平变流器为对象提出基于有限集模型预测控制(FCS MPC)的TNPC UPQC的补偿策略。设计了补偿量检测环节,研究了串并联侧补偿量控制策略;并通过进一步优化分区,在减少控制器计算量的同时,兼顾了三电平变流器中点电位平衡的控制效果。最后在MATLAB/Simulink仿真实验平台搭建模型,仿真结果证明了所提出的设计方法的正确性和可行性。

Effect of tea polyphenols combined with photodynamic therapy on the efficacy and RANKL and Shh levels in patients with early peri-implantitis

Objective: To analyze the effect of tea polyphenols combined with photodynamic therapy on the efficacy and RANKL and Shh levels in patients with early peri-implantitis. Methods:Eighty patients with early peri-implantitis admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group;the control group was treated with photodynamic therapy, and the observation group was treated with tea polyphenols combined with photodynamic therapy. The levels of mPLI, PPD, mSBI and BOP were measured before treatment and 3 months after the treatment, and the levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL and Shh in the gingival crevicular fluid were measured. Results:The levels of mPLI, PPD, mSBI and BOP in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL and Shh in the gingival crevicular fluid were observed in the observation group. The differences were significantly lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: The combination of tea polyphenols and photodynamic therapy for patients with early peri-implantitis can significantly improve clinical efficacy and reduce the inflammatory response, and can effectively improve the levels of RANKL and Shh in gingival crevicular fluid.

TIM-1-Fc融合蛋白对哮喘小鼠Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg免疫失衡的调节

目的制备T细胞免疫球蛋白和黏蛋白结构域1(T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein-1,TIM-1)-Fc融合蛋白并探讨TIM-1-Fc融合蛋白对卵白蛋白(ovabumin,OVA)诱导的哮喘小鼠的干预作用及潜在作用机制。方法通过基因工程技术获得TIM-1-Fc融合蛋白。采用腹腔注射OVA氢氧化铝溶液致敏建立过敏性哮喘小鼠模型,随机分为对照组、哮喘组和TIM-1-Fc干预组。每次干预前20 min,使用40μL卵白蛋白生理盐水溶液(OVA-NS)滴鼻,TIM-1-Fc融合蛋白干预包括TIM-1-Fc滴鼻组(每只小鼠每次给予1μg/40μL TIM-1-Fc滴鼻)和TIM-1-Fc注射组(每只小鼠每次给予6μg/200μL TIM-1-Fc腹腔注射),每天1次,连续7 d,对照组用生理盐水替代。采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察肺组织病理变化;采用流式细胞术检测小鼠外周血中辅助性T细胞2(type 2 T helper cells,Th2)、辅助性T细胞17(type 17 T helper cells,Th17)和调节性T细胞(Treg)比例及相关细胞因子水平。结果成功构建TIM-1-Fc融合蛋白,成功构建OVA诱导的过敏性哮喘小鼠模型。与哮喘组相比,TIM-1-Fc融合蛋白干预后显著减轻了哮喘小鼠气道炎性损伤和肺组织损伤;TIM-1-Fc融合蛋白干预能显著降低外周血中TIM-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞和TIM-1^(+)Th17细胞比例,使TIM-1^(+)Treg细胞增多,显著降低Th2、Th17细胞比例,提高Treg细胞比例,调节哮喘中Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg免疫失衡。结论TIM-1-Fc融合蛋白改善OVA诱导的过敏性哮喘小鼠气道炎症和肺组织损伤,其作用机制可能与TIM-1-Fc融合蛋白对Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg的免疫调节有关。

Health Indicator Bacteria That Is Useful for Risk Assessment of Peri-Implantitis

We established a novel identification method for oral Rothia species using one-step multiplex PCR analysis to investigate whether the monitoring of oral Rothia species levels is useful for peri-implantitis risk assessment, and to examine the oxygen concentration that these organisms need for growth in vitro. The mean number and proportion of Rothia aeria in peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) samples was significantly higher in the healthy implant group than in the peri-implantitis group (P < 0.05). Moreover, R. aeria under aerobic conditions vigorously grew compared with those under anaerobic conditions, and this organism grew only at the upper layer where high oxygen concentrations existed in a semi-liquid nutrient medium. Therefore, the monitoring of R. aeria levels may be suitable as an indicator of healthy peri-implant tissue conditions for the prevention of peri-implantitis.

基于扩展FC知识图的协作学习支架设计与应用研究——以问题解决类协作学习为例

问题解决类协作学习是教育改革中应用较为广泛的一种教学方式,但实践效果并不理想。提供学习支架是解决协作学习效果欠佳的有效手段之一。但以往研究多是教师凭个人经验为学生提供协作学习所需资源或工具作为学习支架,较少考虑支架设计步骤间的数据依赖关系,难以回答支架内容设计是否合理、支架位置是否准确、对问题探究过程是否有益、还需进行哪些优化等细节问题。为此,研究倡导利用扩展FC知识图呈现问题解决过程中学生可能出现的思维卡点、思维错路、易遗忘与混淆知识等信息作为学习支架设计的依据,提出了基于扩展FC知识图的问题解决类协作学习支架设计原型,详细阐述了学习支架设计的具体流程与方法。此外,研究还据此进行了个案研究,分析了支架的启用率及其对协作学习的交互效果、言语交互水平、知识点激活范围和行为转换的影响,证明了该原型的可行性与有效性。研究指出:支架内容量与表述方式是优化学习支架的两个重要维度,学习支架的启用并非越频繁越好,中等程度的支架启用率更利于协作学习的开展和学生独立思考、问题解决能力的培养。

运载火箭新一代遥测系统中FC-AE-1553总线技术应用研究

随着军用电子系统对网络实时性和确定性的要求越来越高,FC-AE-1553作为一种实时性强、确定性高的基于光纤通道的命令响应网络协议,已经越来越广泛地应用于航空电子环境的数据传输、飞行控制等领域。介绍了FC-AE-1553总线的基本特性,并以运载火箭遥测系统为背景,构建简单星形网络拓扑,采用FC-AE-1553总线协议为通信载体,验证FC-AE-1553总线技术在运载火箭遥测系统中的适用性。

IgG受体FcγRⅡB调节实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎致神经元损伤及Th17/Treg免疫平衡的作用研究

目的:探究IgG受体FcγRⅡB对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)模型小鼠神经元损伤与Th17/Treg失衡的作用。方法:C57BL/6小鼠随机分组为对照组、EAE组、FcγRⅡB组、EAE+FcγRⅡB组,每组15只,皮下注射MOG35-55肽诱导EAE模型,并给予FcγRⅡB慢病毒液处理;造模后每日称量小鼠体质量,进行神经功能评分,持续30 d;30 d后处死小鼠,HE染色观察脑组织病理形态学变化,LFB染色评估脊髓髓鞘结构变化,免疫荧光染色检测脊髓大脑皮质神经元核抗原(NeuN)和Caspase-3表达,TUNEL染色检测神经元细胞凋亡,ELISA检测血清IL-6、IL-17、IL-10及TGF-β水平,流式细胞术分析脾脏Th17、Treg细胞比例分布,Western blot测定脊髓组织维甲酸相关孤儿受体γt(RORγt)与Forkhead家族转录因子3(Foxp3)蛋白表达。结果:与对照组比较,EAE组小鼠体质量下降,神经功能评分升高,脑组织内炎症细胞浸润明显,脊髓中出现脱髓鞘迹象,NeuN荧光表达强度减弱而Caspase-3荧光表达强度增强,TUNEL阳性着色细胞多,细胞凋亡数增加,血清中IL-6和IL-17水平升高,IL-10和TGF-β水平降低,脾脏内Th17细胞比例升高,Treg比例降低,脊髓组织内RORγt蛋白表达上调,Foxp3蛋白表达下调(P<0.05);与EAE组比较,EAE+FcγRⅡB组小鼠体质量增加,神经功能评分降低,脑组织内炎症细胞浸润减轻,脊髓脱髓鞘现象得到改善,NeuN荧光表达强度增强,Caspase-3荧光表达强度减弱,TUNEL阳性着色细胞较少,细胞凋亡数减少,血清中IL-6和IL-17水平降低,而IL-10和TGF-β水平升高,同时脾脏内Th17细胞比例降低,Treg比例升高,脊髓组织内RORγt蛋白表达下调而Foxp3蛋白表达上调(P<0.05)。结论:FcγRⅡB对EAE小鼠具有神经保护作用,可减轻其脑组织炎症细胞浸润及脱髓鞘现象,作用机制可能与调节细胞因子水平及Th17/Treg细胞免疫平衡有关。

FC联合TBL教学法在急诊创伤外科住培医师临床思维能力培养中的应用探讨

探讨急诊创伤外科住培医师临床教学中FC联合TBL教学法的应用价值。方法 选择我院2022年1月至2022年8月在急诊创伤外科轮转学习的住培医师50例,随机分为两组,实验组采取FC联合TBL教学法,对照组采取常规法教学。比较两组对带教工作的满意度、急诊创伤外科培训中对理论知识的掌握度、临床技能的考核评分、临床思维能力。结果 实验组对带教工作的满意度高于对照组,对急诊创伤外科理论知识的掌握度、临床技能的考核评分、临床思维能力高于对照组,存在显著差异,P<0.05。结论 急诊创伤外科住培医师实施FC联合TBL教学法带教效果确切,可提高急诊创伤外科住培医师的临床技能掌握水平,培养其临床思维能力,并提高其对带教方法的认可。

多网络控制器FC-AE-1553动态带宽调度机制

由于航电系统通信需求的日趋复杂化,对基于FC-AE-1553组网的通信系统需要采用多网络控制器(NC)构建分布式网络环境,如何实施多个控制器之间的控制权分配,并解决跨域业务冲突的问题是其中的关键。为实现多NC协同调度,提出了一种主从NC协作的多NC动态带宽调度机制,采用并发通信方式提高网络带宽利用率,同时提升各类业务的传输保障能力。对于周期性业务采用固定时隙进行传输,对于强时效性突发业务采用抢占式带宽分配,对于一般突发业务按照“先跨域后域内”分别进行带宽分配。通过OMNeT++搭建FC-AE-1553网络仿真平台,结果表明:该调度机制可以满足多NC条件下不同类型通信业务的协同带宽分配和调度,对于周期性业务和强时效性突发业务,可以保障其实时性通信要求;对于一般突发业务,在网络负载不超过57%时也能为其提供合适的带宽进行传输。与单NC集中式相比,当网络负载大于0.5或跨域/域内业务比值大于0.8时,多NC控制具有较明显的时延优势。