Adsorption characteristics of thorium on silica-based anion exchange resins

To isolate and separate thorium from nitric acid solutions, three silica-based anion exchange resins were synthesized. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate adsorption behavior of thorium in nitric acid solutions. Adsorption at different concentrations of nitric acid and thorium, influence of contact time and coexisting metal ions, and effect of NO3– were investigated in detail. It was found that at high HNO3 concentrations,the resins exhibited higher adsorption capacity and better affinity towards thorium. The adsorption kinetics could be described by the pseudo-second order model equation, while the adsorption isotherms were well correlated by the Langmuir model. The maximum capacity towards thorium species on SiPyR-N4 was evaluated at 27–28 mg/g-resin. The thermodynamic parameters indicated the adsorption was an exothermic reaction. The presence of NO3– was found to promote the retention of the thorium species.

Preparation of magnetic anion exchange resin and their adsorption kinetic behavior of reactive blue

Magnetic anion exchange resin （MD-1） was prepared from quaternization of magnetic copolymeric resin （glycidyl methacry- late-co-divinylbenzene）. For comparison, magnetic resin MD-0 without quaternization and non-magnetic resin （D-l） were also synthesized for the adsorption process. It was found that the adsorption was mainly contributed to the chemical interaction between quaternary ammonium groups and reactive blue RXHC. Due to the smaller size, MD- 1 had faster adsorption and desorption kinetics than D-1. Coupled with the advantage of easy separation, the magnetic anion exchange resin was considered to be superior to common anion exchange resin in removal of reactive dye.

Adsorption behavior of benzenesulfonic acid by novel weakly basic anion exchange resins

Two novel weakly basic anion exchange resins（SZ-1 and SZ-2） were prepared via the reaction of macroporous chloromethylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene（Cl-PS-DVB） beads with dicyclohexylamine and piperidine, respectively. The physicochemical structures of the resulting resins were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and pore size distribution analysis. The adsorption behavior of SZ-1 and SZ-2 for benzenesulfonic acid（BA） was evaluated, and the common commercial weakly basic anion exchanger D301 was also employed for comparison purpose. Adsorption isotherms and influence of solution p H, temperature and coexisting competitive inorganic salts（Na2SO4and Na Cl） on adsorption behavior were investigated and the optimum desorption agent was obtained.Adsorption isotherms of BA were found to be well represented by the Langmuir model.Thermodynamic parameters involving ΔH, ΔG and ΔS were also calculated and the results indicate that adsorption is an exothermic and spontaneous process. Enhanced selectivity of BA sorption over sulfate on the two novel resins was observed by comparison with the commercial anion exchanger D301. The fact that the tested resins loaded with BA can be efficiently regenerated by Na Cl solution indicates the reversible sorption process. From a mechanistic viewpoint, this observation clearly suggests that electrostatic interaction is the predominant adsorption mechanism. Furthermore, results of column tests show that SZ-1possesses a better adsorption property than D301, which reinforces the feasibility of SZ-1for potential industrial application.

Adsorption Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Ions from Drinking Water by Weakly Basic Anion Exchange Resins

Heavy metal micro-contaminants can be removed from water sources such as rivers and lakes using variations of conventional treatment technologies. Weakly basic anion exchange resins offer the best ability to remove trace amounts of heavy metals with high selectivity. This paper discusses how weakly basic resins adsorb heavy metals using two different approaches. The removal of mercury, cadmium, and lead ions is based on the fundamental theory of coordination chemistry. The mechanism is not ion exchange but extractive adsorption of heavy metal salts. However, the marked preferential adsorption of chromate by weakly basic anion exchange can be explained using the traditional theory of ion exchange. A lab-scale study produced positive results for the removal of trace amounts of heavy metal ions from drinking water.

Adsorption of Ce(IV) in nitric acid medium by imidazolium anion exchange resin

N-methylimidazolium functionalized anion exchange resin in NO3 form （RNO3） was prepared and used for adsorption of Ce（Ⅳ） in nitric acid medimn. The adsorption amount increased with shaking time increasing and the adsorption equilibrium was obtained within 180 rain. Ce（Ⅳ） was partially reduced to Ce（Ⅲ） and the reduction percent of Ce（Ⅳ） increased with shaking time increasing. But RNO3 was more stable than other resins due to the high resistance to oxidation. A little increase of adsorption amount was found with concentration of HNO3 increasing. However, the reduction percent of Ce（Ⅳ） decreased with the increase of HNO3 concentration. The addition of NaNO3 decreased the adsorption amount of Ce（Ⅳ） on RNO3 due to the competitive anion exchange reaction. Ce（Ⅳ） was adsorbed on RNO3 in the form of Ce（Ⅳ） anion nitrato-complex. RNO3 and Ce（Ⅳ）-loaded RNO3 were characterized by fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） and thermogravimeric analysis （TGA）. Ce（Ⅳ） could be easily separated from RE（Ⅲ） solution by RNO3.

Selective removal of nitrate by using a novel macroporous acrylic anion exchange resin

An anion exchange resin NDP-5 has been prepared successfully and applied on the selective removal of nitrate from SO_4^（2-）/ NO_3^- binary co-existence system.The composition and morphology of NDP-5 were confirmed by FT-IR and SEM.The NDP-5 resin exhibits the completely different behavior on the adsorption capacity,adsorption kinetic and the effect of the completing anion in the absence or presence of sulfate,compared to D213.And,the resultants of kinetic are well fitted by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models.These results are very important to develop novel resins with great features.

Preparation and application of a novel magnetic anion exchange resin for selective nitrate removal

A novel magnetic anion exchange resin NDM-1 was prepared through suspension polymerization and then functionalized with ammonolysis and alkylating agents.Its application for selective removal of nitrate was performed in comparison with MIEX.The results demonstrated that NDM-1 achieved higher efficiency in nitrate removal than MIEX did,with or without the existence of competing anion SO_4^2- ascribed to its longer alkyl chains on exchange sites.Combined with the advantage of easy separation due toγ-Fe_2O_3 implanted,the magnetic anion exchange resin NDM-1 was considered to be superior to MIEX for nitrate removal in practical application.

Investigation of Performances and Mechanism of Fluoride Removal by Fe(Ⅲ)-Loaded Ligand Exchange Cotton Cellulose Adsorbent

Novel adsorbent, Fe（Ⅲ）-loaded ligand exchange cotton cellulose adsorbent [Fe（Ⅲ） LECCA], was used to in vestigate the adsorption performances and mechanism of fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was found to adsorb fluoride rapidly and effectively. The fluoride removal was influenced by pH. Adsorption mode followed first-order reaction at different temperature, theapparent adsorption activated energy Ea was 6.37 kJ·mol^-1, and adsorption enthalpy △H was 5.35 kJ·mol^-1. The adsorption enfluoride on adsorbent was 3.2 mmol·g^-1 （dry weight）. The maximal integer coordination ratio of fluoride with Fe（Ⅲ） LECCA was 3：1. The ligand exchange mechanism of adsorption was elucidated through chemical methods and IR spectral analysis.

Adsorption and Desorption of Praseodymium (Ⅲ) from Aqueous Solution Using D72 Resin

In this work, the feasibility of using a macroporous strong acid ion exchange resin (D72) as an adsorbent for praseodymium (Ⅲ) was examined. The adsorption behavior and mechanism were investigated with various chemical methods and IR spectrometry. The results showed that the loading of Pr (III) ions was strongly dependent on pH of the medium and the optimal adsorption condition is in HAc-NaAc medium with pH value of 3.0. Adsorption kinetics of Pr (III) ions onto D72 resin could be best described by pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity of D72 for Pr (Ⅲ) was evaluated to be 294 mg·g 1 for the Langmuir model at 298K. The apparent activation energy, E a , was 14.71 kJ·mol 1 . The calculated data of thermodynamic parameters, ΔSΘ value of 100 J·mol 1 ·K 1 and ΔHΘ value of 8.89 kJ·mol 1 , indicate the endothermic nature of the adsorption process, while a decrease of ΔGΘ with increasing temperature indicates the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. Finally, Pr (Ⅲ) can be eluted by using 1.00 mol·L 1 HCl-0.50 mol·L 1 NaCl solution and the D72 resin can be regenerated and reused. Thomas model was successfully applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column useful for process design. The characterization before and after adsorption of Pr (Ⅲ) ions on D72 resin was conformed by IR.

Iron adsorption engineering facilitated by Cu doping on cobalt hydroxide host with enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

Iron plays a crucial role in improving the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity of hydroxide materials.Increasing the number of iron active sites at the solid–liquid interface is beneficial to enhancing the OER performance of catalysts but still challenging.Here,by systematic exploring the activity trends of M(OH)_(x)and Cu-M(OH)_(x)(M=Mn,Cu,Ni,Fe,and Co),we discover that the Cu doping can promote the deposition of Fe active sites on metal hydroxide and Cu-Co(OH)2 shows the most favorable iron adsorption capacity.When loaded on a conductive substrate(cobalt foam(CF),the M-Cu-Co(OH)2/CF(Co(OH)_(2))prepared by molten salt method)exhibits an attractive low overpotential of 337 mV at 1,000 mA·cm^(−2).Using in anion exchange membrane(AEM)water electrolyzer,the single cell with M-Cu-Co(OH)_(2)/CF as anode catalyst performs a stable cell voltage of 2.02 V to reach 1,000 mA·cm^(−2)over 24 h,indicating a great application potential for actual electrolytic water.Therefore,the promoted adsorption of copper on iron provides a new perspective for further enhancing the OER activity of other metal hydroxides.

液体闪烁法测量退役混合土中^(63)Ni和^(55)Fe

为监测退役核设施中的放射性及其排放,将经过400℃灰化4 h后的样品,用浓盐酸、浓硝酸及氢氟酸的混合酸溶解后加热至干燥,用9 mol/L盐酸溶解,处理后用氢氧化钠沉淀、阴离子交换色谱法及镍特效树脂萃取分离纯化^(63)Ni和^(55)Fe,再用液体闪烁法进行测量,建立了一种反应堆退役混合土样品中^(63)Ni和^(55)Fe的分析方法。结果表明,最终稳定Ni、Fe的回收率分别达98.8%和95.8%,对^(63)Ni的最小探测限和最小可探测活度分别为208(计数)和0.041 Bq,对^(55)Fe的最小探测限和最小可探测活度分别为208(计数)和0.144 Bq,实际样品的^(63)Ni、^(55)Fe活度浓度分别为76.9和30.4 Bq/g。采用标准土壤物质进行回收率模拟实验,达到了95%以上的回收率。分别进行了碱沉淀法、阴离子交换色谱法从多种元素中分离Ni、Fe的实验,其中氢氧化钠沉淀法在pH值处于8.7~11.1时便可以有效使Ni、Fe共沉淀,并去除大部分Re、Sr和全部Cs;阴离子交换色谱法洗脱的镍组分中对Co、Fe、Zn的去污因子均在660以上,铁组分中对Co、Eu、Mn、Ni、Sr、Zn、Zr的去污因子均达2000以上。还分别考察了DMG沉淀法和镍特效树脂法对Ni的纯化效果,DMG沉淀法的Ni回收率为87.14%,镍特效树脂法在镍-干扰元素比例达10∶1以上时,Ni的回收率即接近100%,且干扰元素如Ba、Eu、Fe、Mn、Sr的去污效果达到最佳,因此在使用镍树脂前,宜采用其他方法(如碱沉淀法、离子交换树脂法)进行初步分离。建立的方法操作简单,回收率高,能够满足监测退役核设施中^(63)Ni和^(55)Fe的需求。

Fe(Ⅲ)-硫氰酸盐-吐温80配合物在阴离子交换树脂上的吸附及其应用

利用７１７型阴离子交换树脂吸附Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）－硫氰酸盐－吐温８０配合物，配合物最大吸收峰位于波长４８１．４ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数为１．０６×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）量在０～８００μｇ／Ｌ服从比尔定律，建立了相应Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的固相分光光度法，应用于高纯稀土中痕量铁的测定，结果满意。

载Fe(Ⅲ)树脂除氟性能的研究

研究了Fe(Ⅲ)改性大孔磺酸型树脂对饮用水中氟离子的吸附特性.氟在载Fe(Ⅲ)树脂上的吸附不随pH的变化而变化,该吸附剂对氟的饱和吸附量随温度的升高而增加,吸附热力学方式符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式,吸附动力学符合Elovich和准二级动力学模型,而且代表性竞争离子对氟在树脂上的吸附无明显影响.在动态实验中,吸附剂展示了良好的动力学性能.结果表明载Fe(Ⅲ)树脂是一种很有前景的除氟吸附剂.

弱碱性阴离子交换树脂富集ICP-AES测定环境水体中Cr(Ⅵ)和有机态Cr(Ⅲ)的研究

选用331弱碱性阴离子交换树脂,对微污染水体中的Cr(Ⅵ)和有机态Cr(Ⅲ)进行了分离富集作用研究,考察了酸度、富集时间、洗脱液类型、洗脱液浓度及溶液中共存离子对分离富集过程的影响。研究表明,分别用1.0 mol.L-1HCl和2.0 mol.L-1NH4NO3+0.5 mol.L-1NH3.H2O可以很好分步洗脱有机态Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ),利用ICP-AES测定,该方法对Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的检出限分别为1.1和1.4μg.L-1,相应的相对标准偏差RSD(n=6)平均值分别为3.8%和5.6%。该方法适用于自来水、地下水、地表水及生活污水中痕量Cr(Ⅵ)和有机态Cr(Ⅲ)的分离富集及测定。

两类矿物前体对As(Ⅲ)阴离子吸附机制的实验研究

通过两类矿物前体对A s(Ⅲ)阴离子的吸附反应的实验研究发现:这两类矿物前体在吸附反应过程中pH值均发生了明显变化,它们对A s(Ⅲ)的吸附均属于化学吸附。M g-A l-LDO从环境中获取阴离子以恢复重建LDH的结晶结构,并释放OH-使溶液pH升高;F e(OH)3凝胶改变了A s(Ⅲ)的络合配位数,同时产生H+离子,使溶液pH降低;M g-F e-LDO兼有二者的特点。在室温条件下,M g-A l-LDO和M g-F e-LDO对A s(Ⅲ)的吸附容量分别为83.2×1-0 3和87.45×1-0 3,而F e(OH)3凝胶为204.9×1-0 3。矿物前体对溶液中阴离子污染物的吸附能力大大高于对应的矿物,主要原因是它们的吸附机理不同,前者为化学吸附,而后者以物理吸附为主。

水杨酸型螯合树脂对Al^(3+)和Fe^(3+)的吸附性能研究

利用氯甲基化和亲核取代反应,制备了水杨酸型螯合树脂,并用FT-IR分析方法对其进行了检测。将所合成的树脂作为吸附材料,分别对Al^(3+)和Fe^(3+)溶液进行吸附实验,主要考察了吸附时间、温度及pH值等对树脂吸附性能的影响,得到了Al^(3+)和Fe^(3+)的最佳吸附条件。在Al^(3+)和Fe^(3+)最佳吸附条件下,改变吸附剂的质量,进行树脂对Al^(3+)和Fe^(3+)混合溶液的吸附实验。实验结果表明,这种树脂不仅可以同时吸附这2种离子,而且对这2种离子的吸附质量相差不大。

离子交换分离原子吸收法测定环境样品中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)

采用 717强碱性阴离子交换树脂吸附Cr(Ⅵ ) ,抗坏血酸和H2 SO4混合溶液作淋洗剂快速洗脱阴离子交换树脂上的Cr(Ⅵ ) ,分离后Cr(Ⅲ )和Cr(Ⅵ )用原子吸收光谱法测定 ,Cr(Ⅲ )的回收率在 92 .10 %～10 9.0 0 %之间 ,Cr(Ⅵ )的回收率在 96 .0 0 %～ 10 3.5 0

纳米羟基铁改性阴离子交换树脂用于富营养化水体中磷的吸附净化

为探索一种改良的磷酸盐吸附材料,以优化其在去除富营养化水体中无机磷的应用效果,提出了一种纳米羟基铁(FeOOH)与阴离子交换树脂D-201复合的方法。首先将FeOOH分散于阴离子交换树脂D-201中,得到FeOOH@D-201复合树脂。然后进行批量吸附实验,通过比较FeOOH@D-201与纯D-201对磷酸盐的吸附量来评估其改善程度。并采用准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线模型进行拟合,从而分析复合树脂的吸附过程及其机理。结果表明,FeOOH@D-201复合树脂的最大磷酸盐吸附量达到了132.1 mg/g,比纯D-201的吸附量提高了46%,突破了常规阴离子交换树脂在去除无机磷应用中的局限性。模型拟合结果表明,其吸附过程与准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型较吻合,推断吸附机理主要是静电吸引和配位络合的共同作用。FeOOH@D-201经过5次醋酸脱附-吸附再生循环后,吸附剂去除磷酸盐的能力仍然保持在70.4%以上,证实了复合树脂的良好再生性能。

强碱性阴离子交换树脂的钨钼解吸试验研究

研究了以NaOH+NaNO_(3)为解吸剂、H_(2)O_(2)为强氧化剂,联合从ZGA351大孔强碱性阴离子交换树脂中解吸钨、钼。考察了联合解吸剂组成、NaOH浓度、NaNO_(3)浓度、H_(2)O_(2)浓度及加入量、NaOH+NaNO_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)流速比、解吸次数对钨、钼解吸效果的影响。结果表明:在NaOH浓度1.5 mol/L、NaNO_(3)浓度5%、H_(2)O_(2)加入量为理论量1.2倍、H_(2)O_(2)浓度30%、NaOH+NaNO_(3)/H_(2)O_(2)流速比40条件下进行6次解吸,钨、钼解吸率分别达99.48%、99.38%,树脂的钼穿透吸附量107.10 g/L,与新树脂的钼穿透吸附量107.77 g/L相当,说明ZGA351树脂进行一次解吸—循环吸附后对钼的吸附性能基本保持不变;一次解吸液中钨质量浓度3.82 g/L,钼质量浓度10.71 g/L,钼钨比2.80,调酸后可直接投入工业生产后续工段用于制备钼酸铵产品;30次解吸—吸附循环试验结果表明,树脂使用寿命可满足工业生产成本要求。该法同步完成了解吸液氧化和树脂再生,可简化工艺流程,降低生产成本,为大孔强碱性阴离子交换树脂的解吸工艺提供一种可行的工艺路线。

TBP浸渍树脂在氯化物介质中吸附铁(Ⅲ)的性能及机理

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂,苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯大孔树脂(HZ830)作载体制备出TBP浸渍树脂.研究了该浸渍树脂在氯化物介质中吸附铁(Ⅲ)过程中盐酸浓度、氢离子与氯离子的浓度以及萃取剂的含量等对吸附性能的影响.通过树脂对吸附铁(Ⅲ)的化学计量数的研究发现铁(Ⅲ)与浸渍树脂中萃取剂的结合方式为HFeCl4·2TBP.基于铁(Ⅲ)在氯化物介质中的存在形式和铁(Ⅲ)被浸渍树脂中萃取剂吸萃的结合方式,可以得出:铁(Ⅲ)在氯化物介质中被吸附是萃取剂、盐酸及树脂共同作用的结果.