Fe:ZnSe laser pumped by a 2.93-μm Cr, Er:YAG laser

We demonstrated an Fe:ZnSe laser pumped by a 2.93-μm Cr, Er:YAG laser at liquid nitrogen and room temperature in single-shot free-running operation for the first time. The xenon flash lamp pumped Cr, Er:YAG laser had a maximum single pulse energy of 1.414 J, and the threshold and slope efficiency were 141.70 J and 0.70% which were respectively reduced by 29.3% and increased by 52.2% compared with the Er:YAG laser. At liquid nitrogen temperature of 77 K, the maximum single pulse energy of the Fe:ZnSe laser was 197.6 m J, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 13.4%. The central wavelength and full width at half maximum(FWHM) linewidth were 4037.4 nm and 122.0 nm, respectively. At room temperature, the laser generated a maximum single pulse energy of 3.5 mJ at the central wavelength of 4509.6 nm with an FWHM linewidth of 171.5 nm.

Fe^(2+)∶ZnSe激光晶体光学吸收及激光输出性能

采用热扩散掺杂技术制备了Fe2+∶ZnSe晶体,测试晶体样品中铁离子浓度达1.27×1018cm-3。分析了Fe2+∶ZnSe晶体光谱的光学吸收特性,在室温条件下,采用2.90μm激光器泵浦Fe2+∶ZnSe晶体,获得了中心波长4.45μm,平均功率67 mW的中红外激光输出。

中红外Fe:ZnSe激光技术最新研究进展

3-5μm中红外激光处于大气传输窗口,在分子光谱学、环境遥感、工业加工、空间通讯、光电对抗等领域有重要的应用前景。过渡金属掺杂II-VI族硫化物晶体可以直接实现中红外激光输出,是最有前途的技术途径之一。具有优良物理特性和光谱特性的Fe：ZnSe晶体是高效、宽带可调谐中红外激光介质的有力竞争者,介绍并分析了Fe：ZnSe晶体的光谱特性及其制备方法,综合评述了Fe：ZnSe激光技术的发展历程和最新研究进展,指出制备高光学质量的Fe：ZnSe晶体和研制3μm波段高效、高能窄脉冲泵浦源是发展实用室温Fe：ZnSe激光器当前面临的挑战。并对实现室温高能、高功率Fe：ZnSe激光的关键问题进行了讨论。

Fe∶ZnS/ZnSe中红外固体激光器研究进展

高性能中红外激光在军事对抗、生物安全、环境科学等领域有重要的应用价值。Fe∶Zn S/Zn Se具有长输出波长、宽吸收带和发射带的特点,是实现高性能、宽调谐3μm^5μm激光输出的最有效激光介质。介绍了Fe∶Zn S/Zn Se的光谱和热动力学特性,评述了Fe∶Zn S/Zn Se在低温和常温下激光输出性能方面的最新进展,分析了Fe∶Zn S/Zn Se激光器在功率、能量提升以及室温运转方面面临的科学挑战。

室温脉冲Fe^(2+):ZnSe中红外激光特性研究

处于3~5μm波段的激光源在遥感、环境保护、医疗、通信和红外对抗等民用和军用领域都有广阔的应用前景。Fe^(2+):ZnSe晶体由于在材料特性和光学特性等方面都具有明显优势,是3~5μm波段极具潜力的激光介质之一。在室温条件下利用自制非链式脉冲HF激光器作为泵浦光源,对晶体直径为10 mm,厚度1 mm,Fe^(2+)离子掺杂浓度为3×1019/cm3的Fe^(2+):ZnSe晶体进行了研究,获得了中心波长4 295 nm、最大输出能量78.8 mJ的中红外激光输出。输出激光能量相对于晶体吸收泵浦能量的转换效率为27.7%,斜率效率达28.8%。采用小角度(3°)斜入射的方案很好地解决了Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器谐振腔镜镀膜问题。

ZnSe∶Fe^(2+)中的动态Jahn-Teller效应和远红外光谱的研究

推导了 3d4 / 3d6离子基态 5D在立方晶体场、自旋 轨道耦合和动态Jahn Teller效应作用下的哈密顿矩阵 ,并用对角化该哈密顿矩阵的方法研究了Fe2 + 在ZnSe中的远红外光谱 ,理论计算与实验符合得好 .研究表明 ,在ZnSe∶Fe2 + 中 ,比晶体场理论分析多出的分裂谱线是Fe2 + 与ZnSe晶格间的动态Jahn Teller效应引起的 .还预测了其它Jahn Teller效应分裂谱 .所推导的哈密顿矩阵对研究 3d4 / 3d6离子在立方晶体中的精细光谱、电子顺磁共振谱和动态Jahn Teller分裂都是有用的 .

Fe^(2+):ZnSe晶体制备及光学吸收

本文采用热扩散掺杂技术制备了Fe2+∶ZnSe晶体,获得尺寸达20 mm×2.0 mm的晶体样品。光谱测试分析结果显示,晶体样品在3.0μm附近具有显著的Fe2+∶ZnSe晶体的特征吸收,相对吸收强度达85%;通过ICP-AES测试该晶体样品中铁离子为4.5×1017cm-3;分析了影响掺杂铁离子浓度的主要因素。

纳米Fe-ZnSe颗粒膜的结构与磁性

采用射频溅射法制备了纳米铁磁金属-半导体基体Fe_(0.35)(ZnSe)_(0.65)颗粒膜,并研究了其结构和磁特性.根据颗粒膜低场磁化率x(F)温度关系和不同温度下的磁滞回线,证实了在一定的温度范围内,颗粒膜中的纳米铁颗粒表现出磁性弛豫效应.当截止温度T_B=50 K时,颗粒膜的磁性由超顺磁性转变为铁磁性.在截止温度以上,其饱和磁化强度M_S(T)温度关系符合Bloch的自旋波T^(3/2)定律,探讨分析了自旋波常数增大的原因.

中红外Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器研究进展

发光谱位于3~5μm大气窗口处的中红外激光在医疗、工业加工、大气遥感、空间通讯、红外对抗等领域具有广泛的应用前景。以过渡金属(TM)掺杂Ⅱ~Ⅵ族硫化物晶体作为增益介质的激光器件可实现中红外激光输出,其中Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器具有转换效率高、中红外波段可调谐范围宽、结构紧凑等优点,是中红外波段实现高功率、高能量、短脉冲的最有效途径之一。随着近些年材料技术的发展,Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器发展迅速,逐渐成为热点之一。本文综述了以Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器为代表的TM^(2+):Ⅱ~Ⅵ族激光器的发展历程,介绍并分析了Fe^(2+):ZnSe增益介质的制备方法,讨论了影响Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器性能的泵浦源及因素,综合评述了Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器的输出特性,总结了Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器在室温和超短脉冲方向上的最新进展,并展望了Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器后续可能的发展方向。

基于Fe^2＋：ZnSe粉末的4．45μm中红外随机激光

利用Fe^(2+):ZnSe微米粉末产生了4. 45μm的中红外随机激光。通过气相热扩散法制备了Fe^(2+)离子掺杂的ZnSe多晶块体,将制得的块体研磨成尺寸在10～50μm的微米粉末。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明这些Fe^(2+):ZnSe粉末具有与ZnSe块体相同的立方闪锌矿结构,Fe^(2+)离子的引入没有改变ZnSe的晶体结构。在2. 94μm的脉冲激光泵浦下,研究了室温下Fe^(2+):ZnSe粉末的光致发光特性和发光脉冲的时间特性。随着泵浦能量增加,光谱发光强度发生跃变,光谱线宽从500 nm减小到50 nm,脉冲时间从270 ns减小到50 ns。当泵浦能量高于2 m J/pulse的阈值时,观察到中心波长4. 45μm的中红外随机激光。这种中红外随机激光器在红外标记、光通信、分子光谱测量等领域有很好的应用前景。

连续波HF激光泵浦Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器的可行性

针对目前Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器缺乏有效的高功率泵浦源这一关键瓶颈,提出了采用连续波HF化学激光器泵浦Fe^(2+):ZnSe来实现4μm波段激光输出的技术路线,结合实验和理论手段考察了此技术路线的可行性。首次获得了由连续波HF化学激光泵浦的Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光器的W级激光输出,输出功率约为1.7 W,谱线峰值波长为4.18μm,出光时间约2 s。

基于Fe2+:ZnSe微米粉末嵌入ZBLAN玻璃的4.32μm中红外随机激光

在室温下制备了基于Fe^2+:ZnSe微米粉末嵌入ZBLAN(ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF)玻璃的中红外随机激光器,随机激光的中心波长约为4.32μm。Fe^2+:ZnSe微米粉末的平均晶粒尺寸为3.54μm,XRD结果表明Fe^2+:ZnSe微米粉末为立方闪锌矿结构。在2.94μm纳秒脉冲激光泵浦下,随机激光的阈值为557.89mJ/cm^2。随着泵浦能量的增加,随机激光多纵模的特点也随之出现。泵浦能量超过阈值后,随机激光的光谱线宽为10nm,脉冲宽度为50ns。这项工作为获得稳定的中红外激光源提供了一种简单而经济的方法,将粉末嵌入固体基质中可以对粉末起到稳定的作用,这种方法在制备中红外光子器件和光纤激光器上具有潜在前景。

双温区热扩散掺杂Fe^(2+)∶ZnSe激光晶体的制备及激光输出性能

本文以CVD ZnSe晶片为基质材料,以FeSe粉末为掺杂物,采用双温区热扩散掺杂技术获得了尺寸为ϕ22 mm×4 mm的Fe^(2+)∶ZnSe激光晶体。通过二次离子质谱(SIMS)测试该晶体样品表面铁离子浓度为3.43×10^(18) cm^(-3),并通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了晶体样品中铁元素的离子价态。采用UV/Vis/NIR分光光度计和傅里叶红外光谱仪测试了Fe^(2+)∶ZnSe激光晶体的透过谱图。测试结果显示,在3.0μm处出现了明显的Fe^(2+)吸收峰,峰值透过率为5.5%。以波长为2.93μm的Cr,Er∶YAG激光器为泵浦源,温度77 K时抽运尺寸10 mm×10 mm×4 mm的Fe^(2+)∶ZnSe晶体,获得了能量为191 mJ、中心波长4.04μm的中红外激光输出,光光转换效率13.84%。

Selective laser melted near-beta titanium alloy Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe:Microstructure and mechanical properties

In this work,a near-beta Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe titanium alloy was fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM),and the microstructure evolution together with the mechanical properties was studied.The as-fabricated alloy showed columnarβgrains spreading over multiple layers and paralleling to the building direction.The distinct microstructure of as-fabricated alloy was composed of near-β(more than 98.1%)with a submicron cellular structure.Different SLM processing parameters such as hatch spacing could affect the microstructure of as-fabricated alloy,which could thus further significantly affect the mechanical properties of as-fabricated alloy.In addition,the as-fabricated alloy with the distinct microstructure exhibits yield strength of 818 MPa combined with elongation of more than 19%,which shows that SLM is a potential technology for manufacturing near-beta titanium components.

Surface hardening of Fe-based alloy powders by Nd:YAG laser cladding followed by electrospark deposition with WC-Co cemented carbide

This paper presents the results of a study concerned with the surface hardening of Fe-based alloys and WC-8Co cemented carbide by inte- grating laser cladding and the electrospark deposition processes. Specimens of low carbon steel were processed firstly by laser cladding with Fe-based alloy powders and then by electrospark deposition with WC-SCo cemented carbide. It is shown that, for these two treatments, the electrospark coating possesses finer microstructure than the laser coating, and the thickness and surface hardness of the electrospark coating can be substantially increased.

Two-photon absorption and stimulated emission in poly-crystalline Zinc Selenide with femtosecond laser excitation

The optical nonlinearity in polycrystalline zinc selenide(ZnSe),excited with 775 nm,1 kHz femtosecond laser pulses was investigated via the nonlinear transmission with material thickness and the Z scan technique.The measured two photon absorption coefficientβwas intensity dependent,inferring that reverse saturated absorption(RSA)is also relevant dur-ing high intensity excitation in ZnSe.At low peak intensity I<5 GW cm^(-2),we findβ=3.5 cm GW^(-1) at 775 nm.The spec-tral properties of the broad blueish two-photon induced fluorescence(460 nm-500 nm)was studied,displaying self-ab-sorption near the band edge while the upper state lifetime was measured to be τ_(e)~3.3 ns.Stimulated emission was ob-served when pumping a 0.5 mm thick polycrystalline ZnSe sample within an optical cavity,confirmed by significant line narrowing fromΔλ=11 nm(cavity blocked)toΔλ=2.8 nm at peak wavelength λ_(p)=475 nm while the upper state life-time also decreased.These results suggest that with more optimum pumping conditions and crystal cooling,polycrystal-line ZnSe might reach lasing threshold via two-photon pumping atλ=775 nm.

碳化钨对Fe基合金激光熔覆层性能的影响

采用向Fe基合金粉末中加入一定比例碳化钨硬质颗粒的方法,分别对熔覆层的硬度、摩擦系数以及磨痕的磨损形貌进行分析,探索碳化钨对Fe基合金熔覆层使用性能的影响。结果表明,基体的硬度为302 HV,Fe基合金熔覆层的平均硬度为500 HV,而加入5%、10%、15%碳化钨硬质颗粒的Fe基梯度复合熔覆层的平均硬度分别为662、771、806 HV;Fe基合金熔覆层比基体具有更好的耐磨性,随着Fe基合金粉末中添加碳化钨硬质颗粒的比例逐渐增大,熔覆层与对磨副之间的摩擦系数逐渐减小,磨损量逐渐减小,当碳化钨硬质颗粒的比例达到15%时,由于熔覆层内有较多未熔的碳化钨硬质颗粒,反而磨损量增大,犁沟现象严重。

Laser Cladding Fe-Al-Cr Coating with Enhanced Mechanical Properties

Dense Fe-Al-Cr coatings with approximately 50 μm in thickness are successfully prepared on the 1045 carbon steel substrates via a laser cladding process. Proper Cr content(5 at% Cr) will lead to decrease in the melting point, and improves the viscosity of the liquid and the nucleation rate of the molten pool, leading to refining grains of the solidification structure. As a result, the Fe-29 Al-5 Cr laser cladding layer exhibits the best hardness, plasticity properties, and wear resistance at 400 °C. Excessive Cr for the Fe-29 Al-7.5 Cr coating leads to the formation of Cr2 Al in the grain boundaries and thermal vacancies during the solidification process, resulting in inferior mechanical properties and poor tribological behavior.

HPVB法Fe^(2+):ZnSe激光晶体生长及激光输出特性

本文采用纯度为99.999%的颗粒状ZnSe为基质材料,纯度为99.998%的FeSe粉末为掺杂物,通过HPVB法生长了Fe^(2+):ZnSe晶体,晶体尺寸达Φ50.8 mm×120 mm。采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪测试了Fe^(2+):ZnSe晶体样品中铁离子掺杂浓度为3.048×10^(18)cm^(-3)。采用粉末XRD衍射仪测试了Fe^(2+):ZnSe晶体样品的X-射线衍射谱,其衍射谱与基质ZnSe样品衍射谱匹配度达92%。采用UV/VIS/NIR分光光度计和傅里叶红外光谱仪测试了Fe^(2+):ZnSe晶体样品的透过谱图,透过谱在波长3.0μm处出现了明显的Fe^(2+)离子吸收峰。采用2.94μm Er:YAG激光器为泵浦源抽运尺寸为10 mm×10 mm×4 mm的Fe^(2+):ZnSe晶体样品,重复频率为100 Hz时,激光能量输出达12 mJ,输出波长调谐范围3.95~4.15μm。

Wear and corrosion resistance of laser-cladded Fe-based composite coatings on AISI 4130 steel

The wear and corrosion resistance of Fe_（72.2）Cr_（16.8）Ni_（7.3）Mo_（1.6）Mn_（0.7）C_（0.2）Si_（1.2） and Fe_（77.3）Cr_（15.8）Ni_（3.9）Mo_（1.1）Mn_（0.5）C_（0.2）Si_（1.2） coatings laser-cladded on AISI 4130 steel were studied.The coatings possess excellent wear and corrosion resistance despite the absence of expensive yttrium,tungsten,and cobalt and very little molybdenum.The microstructure mainly consists of dendrites and eutectic phases,such as duplex（γ＋α）-Fe and the Fe–Cr（Ni）solid solution,confirmed via energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction.The cladded Fe-based coatings have lower coefficients of friction,and narrower and shallower wear tracks than the substrate without the cladding,and the main wear mechanism is mild abrasive wear.Electrochemical test results suggest that the soft Fe_（72.2）Cr_（16.8）Ni_（7.3）Mo_（1.6）Mn_（0.7）C_（0.2）Si_（1.2） coating with high Cr and Ni concentrations has high passivation resistance,low corrosion current,and positive corrosion potential,providing a better protective barrier layer to the AISI 4130 steel against corrosion.