Research progress of permanent ferrite magnet materials

Permanent ferrite magnet materials are extensively employed due to their exceptional magnetic properties and cost-effectiveness.The fast development in electromobile and household appliance industries contributes to a new progress in permanent ferrite materials.This paper reviews the deveolpement and progress of permanent ferrite magnet industry in recent years.The emergence of new raw material,the advancement of perparation methods and manufacturing techniques,and the potential applications of permanent ferrite materials are introduced and discussed.Specifically,nanocrystallization plays a crucial role in achieving high performance at a low cost and reducing reliance on rare earth resources,and therefore it could be a promising development trendency.

Recent progress in high temperature permanent magnetic materials

Permanent magnetic materials capable of operating at high temperature up to 500℃ have wide potential applications in fields such as aeronautics, space, and electronic cars. SmCo alloys are candidates for high temperature applications, since they have large magnetocrystalline anisotropy field （6-30 T）, high Curie temperature （720-920℃）, and large energy product （〉200 kJ.m-3） at room temperature. However, the highest service temperature of commercial 2：17 type SmCo magnets is only 300℃, and many efforts have been devoted to develop novel high temperature permanent magnets. This review focuses on the development of three kinds of SmCo based magnets： 2：17 type SmCo magnets, nanocrystalline SmCo magnets, and nanocomposite SmCo magnets. The oxidation protection, including alloying and surface modification, of high temperature permanent magnets is discussed as well.

The Production Management Improvement Model of Small and Medium-sized Permanent Magnetic Materials Manufacturing Companies

An integrated production planning and control model based on MRPⅡand JIT is put forward through analyzing the characteristics of magnetic materials manufacturing companies. Master Production Schedule with limited capacity and operational plan in workshop level based on the basic data of flow chart are formulated by this model which applied JIT idea and based on customer order demand. Push production is adapted during execution phase combined with process flow cards. The model is helpful to reduce inventory,keep certain flexbility of production and improve continuity and equilibrium of manufacturing process.

Design and Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Claw Pole Machine with Hybrid Cores

Permanent magnet claw pole machine(PMCPM) is a special kind of transverse flux permanent magnet machine. Compared with other electrical machines, it has the advantages of high torque density and high efficiency for high speed operation. However, because of its complex irregular structure, the manufacturing process using silicon sheets is complicated. Soft magnetic composite material(SMC) is manufactured by powder metallurgy technology, which can produce various shapes of stator core structures, so it is easier to produce various irregular shapes of the stator core. However, the raw SMC material is relatively expensive, and the mechanical strength of SMC is weak. In this paper, a PMCPM with hybrid cores is proposed. With the adoption of hybrid silicon sheet-SMC cores and amorphous alloy-SMC cores, the torque ability of PMCPM can be improved greatly and it can have higher efficiency for more wide operation frequency. Meanwhile, its mechanical strength has been improved and it can be designed for high torque direct drive applications as it is a modular machine. Furthermore, three methods are proposed to reduce the additional eddy current loss which resulted from the employment of hybrid cores in PMCPM.

An Empirical Study of CAPM’s Applicability to Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Material Stocks

China has the world’s largest reserves of rare earth elements.Rare earth permanent magnet material has always been one of the popular industries in the investment market.CAPM is the basic asset-pricing model in financial economics.There are a number of studies conducted to examine the applicability of CAPM to stock markets in different industries and to investigate the modification method to improve the model’s prediction accuracy.In this study,seven leading enterprises in China’s rare earth permanent magnet material industry listed on the A-share market were selected as the research subjects.Based on CAPM,regression analysis was conducted on the monthly data from March 2016 to February 2022.The results demonstrated that using the β coefficient to explain the risk of China’s rare earth permanent magnet industry is ineffective.The ultimate benefit was less affected by market indexes but mainly by non-systematic risks.CAPM has low applicability to China’s rare earth permanent magnet material industry and requires further improvement.Nevertheless,CAPM still has some guiding significance in making enterprise comparisons and investment decisions.

Fabricating functionally graded Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloys via laser powder bed fusion

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)in-situ alloying technology offers the possibility to construct gradient materials with varied structures and properties.Functionally graded Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloys were fabricated by LPBF and in-situ alloying mixed powders of Fe,Cr,and Co elements.The effects of different Fe,Cr and Co contents on the microstructure,magnetic properties and hardness of Fe-Cr-Co alloys prepared by LPBF were studied.The as-built Fe-Cr-Co alloys present a single body-centered-cubic phase and have a homogeneous distribution of elements.The mechanical properties and magnetic properties of the compositionally graded sample show a gradient variation.With the increase in Cr content,the Vickers hardness of the sample increases,and the saturation magnetization of the sample decreases.The optimal magnetic properties in an isotropic state are given as coercivity HcB=21.65 kA/m,remanence Br=0.70 T and energy product(BH)_(max)=5.35 kJ/m^(3),which are comparable to or higher than the reported magnetic properties in an isotropic state prepared by traditional powder metallurgy.LPBF in-situ alloying technology has the potential to further explore Fe-Cr-Co magnetic materials,such as those consisting of multiple or more constituent elements,and to maximize the compositional flexibility of magnetic materials.

A Study of Two-Phase Nanocrystalline Nd_(8.5)Fe_(75)Co_5Cu_1Zr_3Nb_1B_(6.5)Permanent Magnet

Nanocrystalline Nd 8.5 Fe 75 Co 5Cu 1Zr 3Nb 1B 6.5 ribbons were prepared by melt spun (18 m·s -1 ) and subsequent heat treatment (670 ℃/4 min). Excellent magnetic properties of the bonded magnet were achieved as follows: B r=0.68 T (6 8 kGs), J H c=620.3 kA·m -1 (7.8 kOe), ( BH ) max =74 kJ·m -3 (9 3 MGOe). The results of TEM photomicrographs confirm that the appearance of α Fe phase is earlier than that of Nd 2Fe 14 B phase during crystallization process. The addition of Cu and Zr elements shows to be advantageous to the improvement of an intrinsic coercivity and squareness of hysteresis loop, as well as energy product.

Mn-based permanent magnets

Mn-based intermetallic compounds have attracted much attention due to their fascinating structural and physical properties,especially their interesting hard magnetic properties.In this paper,we have summarized the magnetic and structural properties of Mn-based intermetallic compounds(Mn X,where X=Al,Bi,and Ga).Various methods for synthesizing single phases of MnAl,MnBi,and Mnx Ga were developed in our lab.A very high saturation magnetization of 125 emu/g,coercivity of 5 kOe,and maximum energy product(BH)_(max)of 3.1 MG·Oe were achieved at room temperature for the pureτ-Mn–Al magnetic phase without carbon doping and the extrusion process.Low temperature phase(LTP)MnBi with a purity above 95 wt.%can be synthesized.An abnormal temperature coefficient of the coercivity was observed for the LTP MnBi magnet.Its coercivity increased with temperature from 100 K to 540 K,reached a maximum of 2.5 T at about540 K,and then decreased slowly to 1.8 T at 610 K.The positive temperature coefficient of the coercivity is related to the evolution of the structure and magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of the LTP MnBi phase with temperature.The LTP MnBi bonded magnets show maximum energy products(BH)_(max)of 8.9 MG·Oe(70 kJ/m^(3))and 5.0 MG·Oe(40 k J/m^(3))at room temperature and 400 K,respectively.Ferrimagnetic Mn_(x)Ga phases with L10 structures(x〈2.0)and D0_(22)structures(x〉2.0)were obtained.All of the above structures can be described by a D0_(22)supercell model in which 2 a-Ga and 2 b-Mn are simultaneously substituted.The tetragonal D0_(22)phases of the Mn_(x)Ga show high coercivities ranging from 7.2 kOe for low Mn content x=1.8 to 18.2 kOe for high Mn content x=3 at room temperature.The Mn_(1.2)Ga sample exhibits a room temperature magnetization value of 80 emu/g.The hard magnetic properties of coercivityiH_(c)=3.5 kOe,remanence M_(r)=43.6 emu/g,and(BH)_(max)=2.5 MG·Oe were obtained at room temperature.Based on the above studies,we believe that Mn-based magnetic materials could be promising candidates for rare earth free permanent magnets exhibiting a high Curie temperature,high magnetocrystalline anisotropy,and very high coercivity.

Development of Strip Casting Technology in Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Alloys and Hydrogen Storage Alloys in China

The SC technique is now being applied widely in material preparation, especially in rare earth functional materials in virtue of its advanced process and high performance product. The applications of SC technique in rare earth permanent magnet alloys and hydrogen storage alloys were analyzed integrative, on the basis of summary of SC technique development in this paper. The paper mainly includes development history of SC technology, effect of SC technology on alloy microstructure, application of SC technology in RE storage hydrogen alloy and sintered Nd-Fe-B alloy, development of SC equipment and SC product industry. At the same time, the paper points out the existing problem of SC products.

轴向磁力轴承结构综述

按照悬浮力的产生方式将轴向磁力轴承分为主动型、被动型和混合型,主动型的优点是能够产生可控电磁力,被动型的优点是结构简单,混合型兼顾了主动型和被动型的特点。在研究同心单环结构的基础上,分析了具备冗余性的同心多环冗余结构及叠片式冗余结构,从电磁力角度看,整体式同心双环结构优于同心三环结构,叠片式六环结构优于叠片式四环结构和叠片式八环结构。最后,对轴向磁力轴承在结构、控制及工业应用方面的发展前景进行了展望,轴向磁力轴承的结构应当朝着更具备冗余性和重构能力的方向优化。

Neutron diffraction studies of permanent magnetic materials

Neutron diffraction technology as an advanced material research technique has special advantages in studying magnetic materials compared to the conventional techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).In this review,the applications of neutron diffraction technology on permanent magnetic materials were briefly reviewed:(1)the determination of the crystal structure and magnetic structure of the typical permanent magnet material,(2)in situ neutron diffraction study of the crystal structure evolution of the permanent magnets,and(3)phase transition in permanent magnetic materials.

Editorial for rare metals,special issue on advanced permanent magnetic materials

Permanent magnetic materials(PMMs)are a kind of indispensable functional materials in modern society,which play crucial role in many applications such as computers,medical devices,and home appliances.Specially,with the rapid development of green technologies such as electric transportation,wind turbines,and precision motors,the need for high-quality PMMs has become strong and urgent.Meanwhile,the cutting-edge researches involving development and improvement of PMMs and related theories have drawn considerable attentions.This motives rare metals to have a special issue focusing on PMMs.

Fe-Cr-Co永磁合金的磁性能稳定性

永磁材料的磁性能稳定性是永磁材料的重要指标.在分析Fe-Cr-Co系永磁合金的磁性能形成机制的基础上,综述了该合金的温度稳定性、时间稳定性及其他条件下的稳定性规律,并对提高其稳定性的稳定化处理方法进行了探讨.

高性能烧结NdFeB永磁材料市场发展与低成本技术途径

烧结NdFeB永磁材料以其优异的磁性能在各领域获得了广泛应用。首先概括了烧结NdFeB永磁材料的应用领域,然后简要介绍了材料的生产工艺流程。在此基础上,重点阐述了烧结NdFeB永磁材料高性能化和低成本化的重要技术途径——重稀土晶界扩散工艺,详细介绍了各类晶界扩散方法及其优缺点。最后展望了高性能烧结NdFeB永磁市场发展趋势。

稀土永磁同步电机的轻量化技术分析

阐述稀土永磁同步电机的优点,它是一种采用稀土永磁材料作为励磁的同步电机,具有无滑差、高效率、高功率因数等。探讨稀土永磁同步电机的拓扑结构设计和优化、稀土永磁同步电机机壳以及支撑架的结构优化。介绍稀土永磁同步电机集成化的特点。

烧结工艺对2:17型SmCo合金磁性能的影响探究

采用传统粉末冶金工艺制备了2∶17型SmCo合金,研究了烧结温度1195~1210℃对磁体微观结构和磁性能的影响。烧结态磁体主要由2∶17H相和1∶5H相组成。随烧结温度的升高,相组成不变,而晶粒平均粒径由43.51μm生长至75.71μm。从1195℃提升至1210℃的过程中,剩磁B_(r)、内禀矫顽力H_(cj)、最大磁能积(BH)_(max)和密度ρ均随温度的升高先增大后减小,并在1200℃时得到了B_(r)=11.12 kGs、ρ=8.2747 g/cm^(3)的最佳烧结态磁体,同时磁体内铜元素分布相对均匀,磁体获得高磁性能。对比终态磁性能,发现剩磁B_(r)和密度ρ的提升主要完成于烧结阶段。

考虑材料非线性特性的永磁电机电磁场动网格有限元快速计算

电机电磁场有限元建模需要充分考虑材料非线性特性以及转子运动特性,这使得电机电磁场有限元模型在保证计算精度和提高计算速度方面面临新的挑战。以一台36槽6极内置式永磁同步电机为例,结合一阶网格剖分单元构建其电磁场有限元计算模型;采用Dirichlet和周期边界条件降低求解维度,运用牛顿迭代法考虑非线性材料特性,并结合Moving Band动网格技术对转子运动进行精确建模;其中Moving Band动网格和周期边界条件的联合运用能够有效保证求解矩阵维度的恒定,有利于在不同转子位置处继承上一步求解的磁矢位,为牛顿迭代提供有效初始解,实现加快牛顿迭代速度。通过对比提出的快速算法和传统有限元算法所计算的结果,验证了算法的准确性和快速性。

新型模块化永磁偏置磁轴承结构设计与磁场分析

针对永磁偏置磁轴承设计困难和加工繁琐的问题,设计了一种新型模块化永磁偏置磁轴承,通过等效磁路法对其进行磁路分析,采用ANSYS Maxwell对该磁轴承的气隙磁通密度及电流刚度进行仿真模拟,验证结构设计的合理性;同时,引入模块化设计思想,通过多个磁轴承模块的不同组合方式(并行组合使支承力叠加或以夹角方式组合构成合力)以满足对不同位移方式和多种支承力工况下的稳定磁悬浮支承。结果表明,当模块化永磁偏置磁轴承控制绕组中的电流达到最大值3 A时,单个模块支承力达到最大值(约500 N),可满足实际应用需求。

永磁材料的研究动向和未来研究方向

永磁材料是实现机械能和电能转换的关键材料,在电动汽车、电子产品、风力发电机等领域是必不可少的。不过,高性能稀土永磁铁也有许多局限性,包括关键的材料问题和高温磁性能的退化。为了解决这些问题,业界正在开发新型磁铁,使用更少的稀土材料或以金属合金为基础的无稀土磁铁。本文介绍了新一代永磁材料的研究现状、发展趋势和未来的研究方向,以加速其研究和实现快速产业化。

赣州市钕铁硼永磁材料产业现状及发展建议

赣州市,拥有丰富的稀土资源,也是一个重要的稀土材料产业基地,对于该产业的发展具有重要的影响。然而,随着环保要求的提高、市场竞争的加剧,该产业也面临着诸多问题和挑战。因此,本文试图通过实地调查,深入了解该产业的现状,发现其存在的问题和瓶颈。同时,本文从产业政策、市场前景、技术创新等多个角度进行分析和讨论,旨在提出有针对性的发展建议,为赣州市钕铁硼永磁材料产业的可持续发展提供参考和借鉴。