Cr(Ⅲ) removal from simulated solution using hydrous magnesium oxide coated fly ash： Optimization by response surface methodology (RSM)

Hydrous magnesium oxide coated fly ash （MFA） has environmental remediation potential by providing a sub- strate for the adsorption of aqueous Cr（Ⅲ）. Aqueous Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption onto MFA was examined as a function of MFA dosage, pH and initial Cr（Ⅲ） concentration with the Box-Behnken approach used for experimental design and optimization using response surface methodology （RSM）. pH and dosage （dosage and concentration） have significant interactive effects on Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption efficiency. Analysis of variance shows that the response surface quadratic model is highly significant and can effectively predict the experimental outcomes. Cr（Ⅲ） removal effi- ciency of 98% was obtained using optimized conditions of MFA dosage, pH and initial Cr（Ⅲ） concentration of 1,5 7 g. L- 1, 4.11 and 126 mg. L- 1, respectively. Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption onto MFA is mainly attributed to the interaction between Or（Ⅲ） and the functional group --OH of the hydrous magnesium oxide, in all probability caused by chemisorptions. The results of this study can conduce to reveal the interactions between Cr（Ⅲ） pollutant and MFA characteristics, posing important implications for the cost-effective alternative adsorption technology in the treatment of heavy metal containing wastewater.

Adsorption of uranyl complex ions on hydrous titanium oxide (HTO)——Ⅱ Infrared spectrum investigation

-The i. r. spectra of Na4 [UO2 (CO3)3], Na [UO2 (OH)3] and the surface species of uranium on HTO underthe condition of flowing natural seawater and concentrated seawater (NaCl-NaHCO3-U) were recorded, with the bands of urany! of surface species obtained and the finding that iigands of surface species besides HTO are mainly water and OH, and there are some CO32- groups under the condition of natural seawater. Some relations between the complex properties and the j. r. spectroscopic characters for uranyl complexes were studied, and the transferred change quantity of surface complex was calculated.Structure models for surface species of adsorption are herein presented and the mechanism for uranium adsorption is deduced.

Study on the surface of hydrous titanium oxide adsorbent for extracting uranium from seawater-Ⅱ. The surface of HTO

This is second paper summarizing the study on the hydrous titanium oxide absorbent for extracting uranium fromseawater. The investigation is performed by means of X- ray photoelectronic energy spectroscopy for chemical analysis ( ESC A ) , determination of surface hydroxy radical, Fourier-transfer infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR ) , electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), inductively coupled Plasma torch (ICP), etc. The emphasis is laid upon the exploration of HTO surface and a discussion about the adsorption micromechanism.

Nickel sulfate solution fluoride separation with hydrous zirconium oxide

Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle batteries.Hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate solution.Maximum fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr solubility.Fluoride availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous species.Fluoride removal is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and follows second order rate kinetics.Fluoride removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free solution.HZO maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.

Column adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) by polymer-supported nano-iron oxides in the presence of sulfate: Experimental and mathematical modeling

Polymer-supported hydrous iron oxides(HFOs) are promising for heavy metals removal from aqueous systems.The ubiquitous inorganic ligands, e.g., sulfate, are expected to exert considerable impacts on pollutants removal by these hybrid sorbents. Herein, we obtained a hybrid sorbent HFO-PS by encapsulating nanosized HFO into macroporous polystyrene(PS) resin. Both batch and column sorption experiments of Cu(Ⅱ) by HFO-PS were carried out in the presence of sulfate. Obviously, the presence of sulfate is favorable for Cu(Ⅱ) sorption onto HFO-PS.The performances of column Cu(Ⅱ) removal were fitted and predicted with Adams–Bohart, Clark, Thomas and BDST models. Thomas model is suggested best-fit to predict the breakthrough curves. Besides, a linear correlation is observed between breakthrough time and column length based on BDST model, which might be useful for predicting the breakthrough time for Cu(Ⅱ) removal by HFO-PS.

水合氧化物对抗生素抗性基因水平转移的影响

研究了水合氧化铝与水合氧化锰对氨苄青霉素抗性基因(负载于pUC19质粒)向大肠杆菌水平转移(转化)过程的影响.结果表明,2.5~200mg/L浓度水平的水合氧化铝与水合氧化锰均显著抑制了抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)转化,两者对转化频率的抑制率最高分别达79.44%和57.64%.水合氧化铝析出的Al (III)是其导致ARGs转化频率发生变化的原因之一,而水合氧化锰几乎无离子析出.此外,水合氧化铝可与p UC19质粒的磷酸骨架以及碱基腺嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶与鸟嘌呤发生结合,与之形成大尺寸加合物,进而降低ARGs进入胞内的效率.对于水合氧化锰,其暴露后宿主细胞膜通透性显著减小,并且该颗粒也与pUC19质粒交缠形成了大尺寸团聚物,这可能是抑制ARGs转化的主要原因.

蜂巢石负载纳米水合氧化铁吸附氮磷的性能研究

制备了蜂巢石纳米水合氧化铁复合吸附剂(PUMICE-NHFO),研究投加量、溶液pH和共存阴阳离子对PUMICE-NHFO同时吸附氮和磷性能的影响;采用吸附等温线和吸附动力学模型研究PUMICE-NHFO的吸附特征。结果表明,纳米水合氧化铁成功地负载到蜂巢石上。当PUMICE-NHFO投加量为7.5 g/L、溶液pH为7时,氮和磷被吸附的效果较好,共存阴阳离子与氮和磷竞争吸附位点,降低氮磷吸附效率。PUMICE-NHFO对氮和磷的吸附过程更符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型,氮和磷的最大吸附量分别为3.09 mg/g和5.12 mg/g。准二级动力学模型可准确描述PUMICE-NHFO吸附氮和磷的过程,R~2可分别达到0.992和0.996,吸附过程主要受化学吸附控制。经过5次吸附-解吸循环后,PUMICE-NHFO对氮和磷的吸附容量仍保持在初次吸附容量的68%以上,表现出较好的可重复利用性。

Mineralogy of Manganese Oxide Minerals in Iron Manganese Nodules of Several Main Soils in China

X-ray diffraction and selective chemical dissolution methods were used to investigate the composition of Mn oxide minerals in Fe-Mn nodules of several main types of soils in China. The changes of relative intensity of X-ray diffraction patterns were studied both before and after chemically selective dissolution. It was found that lithiophorite was a common Mn oxide in all examined Fe-Mn nodules. Todorokite, however, was a predominant Mn oxide in Fe-Mn nodules in caf-aquic Vertisols of Linyi, Shandong Province. The Fe-Mn nodules of arp-udic Luvisols in Wuhan and Zaoyang, Hubei Province, contained birnessite and vernadite. Hollandite was found in Fe-Mn nodules of alt-udic Ferrisols of Yizhang, Hunan Province; arp-udic Luvisols of Zaoyang, Hubei Province; and cal-aquic Vertisols of Linyi, Shandong Province. The Fe-Mn nodules in alt-udic Ferrisols of Guiyang, Hunan Province, had a few coronadites. Mineralogy of Mn oxide minerals in soil Fe-Mn nodules was related to soil environment, soil types and quantities of relevant cations.

Hydrous cerium oxides coated glass fiber for efficient and long-lasting arsenic removal from drinking water

A novel arsenic adsorbent with hydrous cerium oxides coated on glass fiber cloth(HCO/GFC)was synthesized.The HCO/GFC adsorbents were rolled into a cartridge for arsenic removal test.Due to the large pores between the glass fibers,the arsenic polluted water can flow through easily.The arsenic removal performance was evaluated by testing the equilibrium adsorption isotherm,adsorption kinetics,and packed-bed operation.The pH effects on arsenic removal were conducted.The test results show that HCO/GFC filter has high As(Ⅴ)and As(Ⅲ)removal capacity even at low equilibrium concentration.The more toxic As(Ⅲ)in water can be easily removed within a wide range of solution p H without pre-treatment.Arsenic contaminated ground-water from Yangzong Lake(China)was used in the column test.At typical breakthrough conditions(the empty bed contact time,EBCT=2 min),arsenic researched breakthrough at over 24,000 bed volumes(World Health Organization(WHO)suggested that the maximum contaminant level(MCL)for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/L).The Ce content in the treated water was lower than 5 ppb during the column test,which showed that cerium did not leach from the HCO/GFC material into the treated water.The relationship between dosage of adsorbents and the adsorption kinetic model was also clarified,which suggested that the pseudo second order model could fit the kinetic experimental data better when the adsorbent loading was relatively low,and the pseudo first order model could fit the kinetic experimental data better when the adsorbent loading amount was relatively high.

水合氧化铁催化类Fenton反应降解水中四环素

环境中抗生素污染及其降解过程是当前研究的热点问题,为探讨自然过程中铁氧化物(水合氧化铁,HFO)在氧化剂(过氧化氢,H_(2)O_(2))存在条件下对四环素(TC)的降解作用及TC代谢途径,采用湿沉淀法合成HFO,研究了其催化H_(2)O_(2)高效降解水中TC的效果,同时通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N_(2)吸附-脱附、光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅立叶红外-拉曼光谱仪(FTIR)等手段对样品进行了表征,阐明了HFO催化H_(2)O_(2)降解TC的机理.结果表明,HFO具有介孔结构,HFO/H_(2)O_(2)体系可在180 min内去除水中90%的TC,3次连续循环后去除率保持75%,表现出良好的催化活性和稳定性;HFO在催化过程中部分Fe—O官能团转变成Fe—OH官能团,∙O_(2)^(-)为主要活性物质;TC降解过程中出现9种中间产物,说明TC主要是通过羟基化、去甲基、去酰胺基和开环等途径被降解成小分子化合物.

Effect of precipitation pH and coexisting magnesium ion on phosphate adsorption onto hydrous zirconium oxide

To understand the effect of precipitation pH and coexisting Mg^(2+) on phosphate adsorption onto zirconium oxide(ZrO_2), ZrO_2 particles precipitated at pH 5.3, 7.1 and 10.5, i.e., ZrO_2(5.3), ZrO_2(7.1)and ZrO_2(10.5), respectively were prepared and characterized, then their adsorption performance and mechanism in the absence and presence of Mg^(2+) were comparatively investigated in this study. The results showed that the Elovich, pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models correlated with the experimental data well. The adsorption mechanism involved the complexation between phosphate and zirconium. Coexisting Mg^(2+) slightly inhibited the adsorption of phosphate on ZrO_2(5.3), including the adsorption capacity and rate, but coexisting Mg^(2+) greatly increased the adsorption capacity and rate for ZrO_2(7.1)and ZrO_2(10.5). The enhanced adsorption of phosphate on ZrO_2(7.1) and ZrO_2(10.5) in the presence of Mg^(2+) was mainly due to the formation of Mg^(2+)-HPO_4^(2-) ion pair(MgHPO_4~0) in the solution and then the adsorption of MgHPO_4~0 on the adsorbent surface, forming the phosphatebridged ternary complex Zr(OPO_3H)Mg. In the absence of Mg^(2+) , the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity at pH 7 calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model decreased in the order of ZrO 2(7.1)(67.3 mg/g) > ZrO_2(5.3)(53.6 mg/g) ≈ ZrO_2(10.5)(53.1 mg/g), but it followed the order of Zr O2(7.1)(97.0 mg/g) > ZrO_2(10.5)(79.7 mg/g) > ZrO_2(5.3)(51.3 mg/g) in the presence of Mg^(2+) . The results of this work suggest that ZrO_2(7.1) is more suitable for use as an adsorbent for the effective removal of phosphate from municipal wastewater than ZrO_2(5.3) and ZrO_2(10.5),because Mg^(2+) is generally present in this wastewater.

Synthesis of a novel ternary HA/Fe-Mn oxides-loaded biochar composite and its application in cadmium(Ⅱ) and arsenic(Ⅴ) adsorption

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) are two of the most toxic elements.However,the chemical behaviors of these two elements are different,making it challenging to utilize a single adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for both Cd(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅴ) removal.To solve this problem,we synthesized HA/Fe-Mn oxides-loaded biochar (HFMB),a novel ternary material,to perform this task,wherein scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with EDS (SEM-EDS) was used to characterize its morphological and physicochemical properties.The maximum adsorption capacity of HFMB was 67.11 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ) and 35.59 mg/g for As(Ⅴ),which is much higher compared to pristine biochar (11.06 mg/g,0 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅴ),respectively).The adsorption characteristics were investigated by adsorption kinetics and the effects of the ionic strength and pH of solutions.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that chelation and deposition were the adsorption mechanisms that bound Cd(Ⅱ) to HFMB,while ligand exchange was the adsorption mechanism that bound As(Ⅴ).

Adsorption Kinetic Properties of As(Ⅲ)on Synthetic Nano Fe-Mn Binary Oxides

The adsorptive removal of arsenic by synthetically-prepared nano Fe-Mn binary oxides（FM） was investigated. A novel method using potassium permanganate and ferric chloride as raw materials was used to synthesise FM. The molar ratio of Fe and Mn in the synthetic Fe-Mn binary oxides was 4 ： 3. The FM-1 and FM-2（prepared at different activation temperatures） having high specific surface areas（358.87 and 128.58 m^2/g, respectively） were amorphous and of nano particle types. The amount of arsenic adsorbed on FM-1 was higher than that adsorbed on FM-2 particles. After adsorption by FM-1, residual arsenic concentration decreased to less than 10 μg/L. The adsorption kinetics data were analyzed using different kinetic models including pseudo first-order model, pseudo second-order model, Elovich model and intraparticle diffusion model. Pseudo second-order kinetic model was the most appropriate model to describe the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption percentage of As（Ⅲ） increased in the p H range of 2–3 while it decreased with the increase of pH（ 3〈pH〈10）. The effects of coexisting anions on As（Ⅲ） removal using FM-1 and FM-2 were also studied and the order of the effects is as follows： NO_3^-, Cl-, F-〈SO_4^（2-）, HCO_3-〈H_2PO_4^-, indicating that H_2PO_4^- is the major competitor with As（Ⅲ） for adsorptive sites on the surface of the adsorbents. The higher adsorption capacity of FM-1 makes it potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of As（Ⅲ） from groundwater.

水合氧化锆吸附去除有机膦酸研究

有机膦酸被广泛用于工业循环冷却水系统的阻垢和缓蚀,具有潜在的环境风险性。本文通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出纳米水合氧化锆(HZO),用于废水中氨基三亚甲基膦酸(NTMP)的吸附去除。考察了不同反应条件对NTMP吸附效果的影响,并对HZO进行了表征。结果表明,在pH=7时,HZO对NTMP的吸附容量可达12.08 mg P/g。动力学研究表明,该吸附行为符合伪二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型。同时,HZO具有良好的再生回用能力。

新生态水合二氧化锰对水中酚类化合物的吸附和氧化

试验研究了新生态水合二氧化锰对水中苯酚、4-氯酚以及 2 ,6-二氯酚的去除 ,结果表明水合二氧化锰对水中苯酚及氯酚均有一定的去除效果。试验中从酚的去除情况及还原性 Mn2 + 的生成量判断出水合二氧化锰的吸附和氧化作用程度。同时 ,从水合二氧化锰对水中三种酚的吸附及氧化去除结果的比较 ,分析出氯取代对酚在水合二氧化锰表面吸附氧化能力的影响 ,结果表明了氯的取代使得酚易于被二氧化锰吸附而不易于被氧化。

土壤pH、有机质和含水氧化物对镉、铅竞争吸附的影响

采用一次平衡法(振荡16h)研究了土壤pH值、有机质和含水氧化物(以晶质氧化铁和非晶质氧化铁为代表)对Cd2+、Pb2+在水稻土上竞争吸附的影响。结果表明,pH值是影响土壤吸附Cd2+、Pb2+的主要因素,土壤对金属离子Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附量随pH值的增大而增加。土壤pH值为5.0和6.5时,对Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附量分别达到最大。当土壤去除有机质后,土壤对Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附均降低,与对照相比,分配系数Kd,Cd、Kd,Pb分别下降54%￣64%和36%￣52%;土壤去除非晶质氧化铁后,Kd,Cd、Kd,Pb与对照相比分别下降32%￣45%和15%￣33%。有机质和非晶质氧化铁对Cd2+、Pb2+的选择性为:Pb2+>Cd2+。当土壤晶质氧化铁和非晶质氧化铁均去除后,土壤吸附Cd2+、Pb2+量不但未降低,反而有不同程度的增加,Kd,Cd、Kd,Pb明显高于对照。

水合氧化铁对废水中磷酸根的吸附-解吸性能研究

以FeCl3为原料制备水合氧化铁吸附剂,研究其对废水中磷酸根的吸附-解吸性能.结果表明,随着溶液pH的降低,水合氧化铁对磷酸根的吸附能力不断提高,其吸附动力学曲线符合二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型.被吸附的磷酸根在50 g/L的NaOH溶液中进行解吸,解吸率>98%.解吸率与单位水合氧化铁的吸附饱和程度没有相关性.利用水合氧化铁对城市某污水处理厂污泥浓缩池上清液进行磷的吸附和解吸实验,结果表明该工艺对磷的回收率>90%.根据实验结果设计了城市污水中磷去除和回收工艺流程,该流程包括:吸附过程、解吸再生过程、富磷解吸液中磷回收等过程.

现代黄河三角洲ZK226孔岩心^(210)Pb、Al、Fe、Mn和Cu的地球化学

现代黄河三角洲ZK226孔岩心的^(210)Pb、Al、Fe、Mn和Cu的地球化学表明,沉积物的粒度是控制上述元素的主要因素,这些元素与粒度的相关性是^(210)Pb>Fe>Al>Mn>Cu。粘土和Fe的水合氧化物是吸附^(210)Pb的主要组分。标准化后的^(210)Pb_ex,与Al、Fe,Mn和Cu的比值对黄河中上游流域的土壤侵蚀情况具有良好的指示意义,这为建立黄河中上游流域的土壤侵蚀模式打下了必要的基础。

浅析水合氧化铁的研究进展

水合氧化铁是一种优良的吸附剂,对多种污染物质都有吸附作用。吸附机理主要是靠水合氧化铁和被吸附的物质形成配位络合物或静电吸引作用进行吸附。pH、离子强度、有机物及其制备工艺都会影响水合氧化铁的吸附性能。现在60℃环境条件下制备水合氧化铁并负载到颗粒活性炭上,吸附容量达到了26 mg.g-1。最后提出了从制备工艺方法改进和降低水合氧化铁的纳米粒径上来进一步提高水合氧化铁的吸附性能。

微乳液反应法制备氧化铝（含水）超细微粒

研究了水、辛烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚（ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００）、正己醇、环己烷微乳液体系的组成和性质．当正己醇和ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００的重量比为２∶３时，该微乳液体系有较宽且稳定的微乳液相区，是一种制备超细微粒的理想反应体系．在该体系中，通过氢氧比铝的氨沉淀制得了含水氧化铝（α－ＡｌＯＯＨ）超细微粒，粒子的平均直径约为６ｎｍ，有较好的均匀性．加热转化得到的γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３超细粉的比表面为１５９．２ｍ￣２·ｇ￣（－１）．