Study on Nanocrystalline Rare Earth Mg-Based System Hydrogen Storage Alloys with AB_3-Type

A sort of rare earth Mg-based system hydrogen storage alloys with AB3-type was prepared by double-roller rapid quenching method. The alloys were nanocrystalline multi-phase structures composed of LaNi3 phase and LaNi5 phase by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses, and the suitable absorption/desorption plateau was revealed by the measurement of P-C-I curve. Electrochemical studies indicate that the alloys exhibit good electrochemical properties such as high capacity and stable cycle life, and the discharge capacity is 369 mAh·g-1 at 0.2 C (72 mA·g-1), after 460 cycles, the capacity decay was only 19.4% at 2 C (720 mA·g-1).

Microstructure of Nano-Y_2O_3/Cobalt Based Alloy Composite Coating by Laser Cladding

Composite coatings made of nano-Y_2O_3/cobalt-based alloy and produced by crosscurrent CO_2 laser on Ni-based superalloy are introduced. Cross-section or surface of the coatings was examined to reveal their microstructure using optical microscope, SEM, including EDS microanalysis, TEM and XRD. The results show that some equilibrium or non-equilibrium phases, such as γ-Co, Cr_(23)C_6, Y_2O_3 and ε-Co exist in the coatings. Fine and short dendritic microstructure and columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) occurred by adding nano-Y_2O_3 particles. With the increasing amount of nano-Y_2O_3 (1%, mass fraction), fully equiaxed crystallization appeared. These are caused by nano-Y_2O_3 particles acting as new nucleation site and rapid solidification of the melt. The results also show that inhomogeneous dispersion of nano-Y_2O_3 results in the formation of ε-Co phase in the coatings. The sub-microstructure of the clad is stacking fault. The mechanism of the formation of equiaxed grains is also analyzed.

Preparation of Al-based Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Composite Coating on Mg-based Alloys Precipitated by Arc Spraying Process

The Al-based amorphous and nanocrystalline composite coatings with the composition of Al-Ni-Y-Co and Al-Ni-Mm-Fe were prepared on AZ91 Mg-based alloys by high velocity arc spraying technique(HVAS).The structure character of the coatings indicates that coatings contain the mixture of amorphous phases and crystalline and there are both less than 2%porosity.The electrochemical tests of the coatings and the substrate were studied.The coatings show the passivation ability during polarization,but AZ91 Mg-based alloys show little passivation.The corrosion current density of the coatings is lower than that of AZ91 Mg-based alloys.The results show that the coatings have an excellent corrosion resistance for AZ91 Mg-based alloys in 5 wt%NaCl solution.

High-frequency magnetic characteristics of Fe-Co-based nanocrystalline alloy films

Magnetically soft Fe-Co-based nanocrystalline alloy films were produced by two preparation methods:One using a new energetic cluster deposition technique and another using a conventional magnetron sputtering technique.Their structural,static magnetic properties and high-frequency magnetic characteristics were investigated.In the energetic cluster deposition method,by applying a high-bias voltage to a substrate,positively charged clusters in a cluster beam were accelerated electrically and deposited onto a negatively biased substrate together with neutral clusters from the same cluster source,to form a high-density Fe-Co alloy cluster-assembled film with good high-frequency magnetic characteristics.In the conventional magnetron sputtering method,only by rotating substrate holder and without applying a static inducing magnetic field on the substrates,we produced Fe-Co-based nanocrystalline alloy films with a remarkable in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and a good soft magnetic property.The obtained Fe-Co-O,Fe-Co-Ti-N,and Fe-Co-Cr-N films all revealed a high real permeability exceeding 500 at a frequency up to 1.2 GHz.This makes Fe-Co-based nanocrystalline alloy films potential candidates as soft magnetic thin film materials for the high-frequency applications.

High-pressure sintering and magnetic properties of Fe_(86)Zr_(11-x)Nb_xB_3(x=5.5, 6) amorphous alloys

The thermal stability of milling Fe86Zr11-xNbxB3（x=5.5, 6） melt-spun strip powders and the influence of high-pressure sintering conditions on phase component and grain size of bulk alloys were investigated by X-ray diffractometry（XRD）, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The results show that milling melt-spun powder remains in the amorphous state, and the crystallization temperature of which is 480530℃, the apparent activation energy Ep of crystallization process is 294.1219.5kJ/mol. The increasing Nb content can increase crystallization temperature and decrease Ep. Under the sintering conditions of 5.5GPa/3min, when Pw is 1150W, single phase α-Fe nanocrystalline （20.626.7nm） bulk alloy with relative density higher than 99.0% can be obtained. Under the sintering conditions of 5.5GPa/1150W/3min, the magnetic properties of these nanocrystalline bulk alloys are Fe86Zr5.5Nb5.5B3 alloy, Bs=1.15T, Hc=5.08kA·m-1; Fe86Zr5Nb6B3 alloy, Bs=1.26T, Hc=4.27kA·m-1.

球磨态La-Y-Mg-Ni合金的显微组织和储氢性能

为了提高La-Y-Mg-Ni合金的储氢性能,通过对铸态合金进行5~30 h的球磨,制备具有非晶和纳米晶结构的La_(1.7)Y_(0.3)Mg_(16)Ni合金,并研究显微组织对储氢性能的影响及其机理。结果表明,随着球磨时间的延长,合金的结晶度、晶粒尺寸和粒径减小,非晶相增加。纳米晶相和非晶相的双重调节作用导致储氢动力学性能先加快,后减慢。经过15 h球磨的合金具有最好的吸、放氢动力学特性,在373 K下10 min内可以吸收3.10%(质量分数)的氢气,其放氢活化能最低,为71.2 k J/mol。球磨不同时间的合金的热力学性能的变化很小,球磨15 h后合金的放氢焓变最低,为72.9 k J/mol。

基于声发射信号的带材剪切刀具磨损在线监测方法

在铁基纳米晶合金带材剪切加工过程中,其刀具的状态对于保证加工质量至关重要。针对铁基纳米晶合金带材剪切加工过程中的刀具磨损状态监测问题,提出了一种基于声发射信号的剪切刀具磨损在线监测方法。首先,通过搭建声发射监测设备确定了相应的参数,采集原始声发射信号进行了预处理,得到了剪切加工阶段的信号,将其用于后续处理;然后,分析了剪切刀具磨损以及带材质量随剪切加工过程变化的关系,并根据剪切加工过程中获取的声发射信号,进行了时域、频域、时频域特征提取,分析了获得的特征与刀具磨损之间的关系,利用ReliefF和主成分分析(PCA)算法进行了特征选择与降维处理,得到了具有良好相关性的特征;最后,基于所选特征,构建了支持向量机(SVM)人工智能模型,用以识别剪切刀具的磨损阶段。研究结果表明:随着刀具磨损的加剧,带材质量下降,声发射信号特征值与刀具磨损存在对应关系;采用ReliefF-PCA-SVM模型能够实现95.56%的分类准确率,能够有效地对剪切加工过程中的刀具磨损进行在线监测。

Room-temperature and high-temperature magnetic permeability of Co-doped nanocrystalline alloys

Influence of composition and annealing temperature on structure and magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe78.4-xCoxSi9B9Nb2.6Cu1 （x=27.4, 40.0, 51.0, 78.4） alloys was investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and the temperature dependence of permeability. According to the initial crystallization temperature （Tx1） from differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） curves of as-quenched amorphous alloys, 490-700 ℃ isothermal annealing was carded out to obtain the characteristic nanocrystalline structure. Furthermore, the soft magnetic properties were measured by temperature evolution of magnetic permeability to obtain the correlation between Co content, annealing temperature and magnetic permeability. The results show that, on the one hand, the annealing temperature exerts a significant effect on phase structure and initial permeability （μi）. The higher-temperature （from 550 to 610 ℃） annealed Co content nanocrystalline samples can remain higher μi at elevated temperature. On the other hand, partial substitution Fe by Co can improve the high-temperature magnetic stability;however, the room-temperature permeability of higher Co content alloys decreases obviously at the same time. This phenomenon was analyzed from the viewpoint of the saturation magnetic induction （Bs）, magnetic anisotropy （〈K〉） and magnetostriction （λs）.

Microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe81.3Si4B13Cu1.7 nanocrystalline alloys with minor Nb addition

The amorphous matrix contAlning dispersive high number density （Na） α-Fe nuclei with average grAln sizes （D） of 4.3-6.2 nm was formed in the melt-spun Fe81.3-xSi4B13Cu1.7Nbx （x = 0-2） alloys, and the Nd and D values reduce with increase in the Nb content. The fine nanocrystalline structure with α-Fe grAlns of 14.0-21.6 nm in size was obtAlned for the annealed alloys, which showed high saturation magnetic flux density of 1.60-1.77 T and low coercivity （He） of 7.1-17.0 A/m. Addition of minor Nb significantly expands the optimum annealing temperature range for obtAlning good soft magnetic properties, while coarsens the α-Fe grAlns, leading to a slight increase in the Hc. The mechanism of the effect of Cu and Nb elements on the structure and magnetic properties was discussed in terms of the formation and growth of the α-Fe nuclei of the alloys.

铁基纳米晶合金带材叠层剪切加工特性研究

铁基纳米晶合金带材叠层剪切加工质量与层数、剪切速度等有直接的关系,因此,在对铁基纳米晶合金带材叠层剪切加工过程进行分析中,则需要从剪切速度、毛刺控制等角度进行完善,从而实现铁基纳米晶合金带材叠层剪切加工水平的进一步提升。在分析铁基纳米晶合金带材叠层剪切加工工艺流程的基础上,从铁基纳米晶合金带材叠层剪切加工流程以及影响因素的角度进行分析,并针对剪切速度、剪切层数与铁基纳米晶合金带材磁畴结构、加工质量的变化关系进行分析,旨在提高铁基纳米晶合金带材叠层剪切加工的综合水平。

FePCCu nanocrystalline alloys with excellent soft magnetic properties

The effect of Cu addition on crystallization behavior and soft magnetic properties of Fe 84xP10C6 Cux (x= 0 1.15) alloys was investigated. Low-cost FePCCu nanocrystalline alloys dispersed with α-Fe phase with an average grain size of 15-35nm were obtained by appropriately annealing the melt-spun ribbons at 683K for 5min. The Fe 83.25P10C6Cu0.75 nanocrystalline alloy exhibits a high B s of 1.65T, low H c of 3.3A/m and high eat 1kHz of21 100, which is superior to the traditional FePC soft magnetic alloys. The core loss is as low as 0.32W/kg at1.0 T and 50Hz, which is 60% that of nonoriented Fe 6.5 mass% Si-steel. It is encouraging to synthesize this Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy with excellent soft-magnetic properties even using commercially industry-grade raw materials, which is promising for the future industrial applications.

超音速火焰喷涂制备钼基非晶纳米晶涂层的研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术,在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢基体上成功的制备出了一种Mo基非晶纳米晶复合涂层.这种涂层组织均匀致密,孔隙率小,约为3.4 %,呈典型的层状分布;涂层是由非晶和纳米晶组成,在非晶基体中均匀分布了纳米晶粒.根据衍射峰的半高宽,计算出Mo基涂层中的晶粒平均尺寸为25～70 nm,与通过透射电镜的观察得到晶粒大小数20～70 nm相符;涂层具有较高的硬度,平均显微硬度为859.0 HV50;所获得的非晶纳米晶涂层具有较高的热稳定性,在1 020.1 ℃以下使用,不会发生晶型转变.

MA法制备Fe_(83)Nb_7B_9Cu_1纳米晶粉末及其热稳定性

利用高能球磨法在Fe Nb B Cu体系中获得纳米晶粉末 ,研究了机械球磨过程中产物的组织结构、α Fe相平均晶粒尺寸及其热稳定性。结果表明 :采用Fe 2 0B中间合金粉末代替B粉并未明显影响机械合金化动力学过程 ;球磨至 5h时 ,即可获得平均晶粒尺寸约 18nm的α Fe单相过饱和固溶体 ,其后延长球磨时间 ,晶粒尺寸缓慢减小 ,至 45h后 ,平均晶粒尺寸减小到 9nm。退火处理后的XRD分析表明 ,α Fe过饱和固溶体从 10 0℃开始发生结构弛豫现象 ,738.8℃后则发生了相转变 :α Fe过饱和固溶体→α Fe固溶体 +Fe3 B +FeB ,在 5 5 0℃以内退火 ,纳米晶粒长大不明显 ,在 770～ 95 0℃范围内退火 ,晶粒开始明显长大 ,但晶粒尺寸仍处于纳米级范围。

等离子喷涂钼基非晶纳米晶复合涂层的组织和电化学特性

用Mo基合金粉末(含Si,B,Cr,W,Mo,Ni等)作为喷涂材料,利用大气等离子喷涂(APS)技术,在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢基体上制备了钼基非晶纳米晶复合涂层.利用XRD观察了涂层的晶型结构,扫描电镜(SEM)观察涂层的组织形貌,恒电位扫描仪对涂层的电化学特性进行了测试,显微硬度仪测量涂层的显微硬度.实验结果表明,利用等离子喷涂工艺可以制备高硬度的Mo基非晶纳米晶复合涂层,这种涂层结构均匀致密,其显微硬度最高达到1426.9HV.孔隙率约为5.5%.非晶纳米晶复合涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中存在钝化现象,自腐蚀电流为6.459μA·cm-2,腐蚀速度0.869mm·a-1.

Fe基非晶/纳米晶粉末的放电等离子烧结及磁性能

研究了SPS温度对球磨熔体快淬Fe70Cr8Mo2Si5B15粉末以及MA Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13 5B9 和Fe80Co4Nb7B9纳米晶粉末的烧结块体合金组织结构与磁性能的影响.结果表明: (1)在30MPa/5min条件下,块体合金相对密度随着烧结温度的升高而增加,当烧结温度为1000℃时,Fe70Cr8Mo2Si5B15合金相对密度已达99%以上,当烧结温度进一步升高至1050℃后, Fe73.5Cu1NbaSi13.5B9和Fe80Co4Nb7B9合金相对密度也达到99%;(2)烧结块体合金的主要组成相为α-Fe相,尚存在少量的第二相金属间化合物,这些块体合金α—Fe相的晶粒尺寸均处于纳米级范围内,以Fe70Cr8Mo2Si5B15块体合金的晶粒尺寸为最小,其平均晶粒尺寸约50nm; (3)随着烧结温度的升高,这些块体合金的饱和磁感应强度Bs增大,矫顽力Hc随之降低,以Fe70Cr8Mo2Si5B15块体合金的矫顽力Hc(4.1kA·m-1)最低.

高压下Fe_(84)Nb_7B_9纳米晶软磁块体合金的形成

采用机械合金化(MA)以及低温高压烧结工艺制备了Fe84Nb7B9软磁合金粉末及其块体合金,并利用XRD、DSC、SEM对MA合金粉末和块体合金的相结构、晶粒大小以及组织的热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:经过15hMA后,可获得单相bcc结构的粒径小于10nm的纳米晶过饱和固溶体粉末;在常压状态下,单相纳米晶过饱和固溶体合金在温度小于550℃时具有良好的组织热稳定性,温度小于770℃时具有良好的相热稳定性;在p=5.5GPa,t=3min条件下,当Pw≥820W时,可获得相对密度大于98.4%、单相bcc结构的纳米晶(粒径小于10nm)块体合金。

机械合金化法制备镁基储氢材料进展

介绍了近年来机械合金化法在镁基储氢材料制备上的研究进展 ,讨论了机械合金化制备非晶、纳米晶镁基储氢材料的机制 ;从合金替代和多元复合的角度对镁基储氢材料的性能进行了论述 :机械合金化法可制备出纳米晶、非晶态的镁基储氢材料 ,无序区和晶界浓度的增加使得氢原子的吸附和扩散更为容易 ,制备出的材料具有较高的活性和较快的吸放氢速度 ,低温吸放氢性能的改善尤其显著 ;

超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂Fe-Cr基涂层的组织与耐蚀性

采用多元Fe—cr基合金（含Si、Mn、B等）作为喷涂粉末，用JP-5000超音速火焰喷枪在不锈钢基体上制备厚度约200μm的Fe基涂层。采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜对涂层的组织结构进行了观察和分析，采用盐雾试验箱对涂层的耐蚀性进行了初步研究。结果表明，涂层主要由非晶、bcc晶体结构的纳米晶及微米级硼化物组成；非晶基体产生了明显晶化，形成了胞状bcc结构的纳米仪．Fe，其尺寸约为10～30nm^3，涂层致密，孔隙率约为1％。涂层的耐盐雾腐蚀的性能明显高于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢。前者主要为孔蚀，后者主要为晶间腐蚀。

高压下Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9纳米晶软磁块体合金的形成

采用MA法和低温高压固结工艺制备了Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9软磁合金粉末和块体合金,借助XRD、DSC、SEM、TEM手段分析了它们的相组成、平均晶粒尺寸以及粉末的热稳定性、块体合金的相对密度.结果表明:(1)经过70h MA后,可获得平均晶粒尺寸约9.5nm、bcc结构的单相α-Fe纳米晶过饱和固溶体粉末;(2)在DSC的升温曲线中,分别出现四个强弱不一的放热峰,依次对应着发生了畸变的纳米晶过饱和固溶体的结构弛豫过程、少量非晶晶化过程以及过饱和固溶体的相析出过程,且过饱和固溶体析出过程分两个阶段完成;(3)在P=5.5GPa,Pw=980W,t=5min的烧结条件下,可获得相对密度约98.4％、平均晶粒尺寸约12.5nm的单相α-Fe纳米晶块体合金,该块体合金的软磁性能为:比饱和磁化强度Ms=1.71×10-7wb·m/g,矫顽力Hc=8.22×103A/m.