[Objective]This study aimed to explore the inheritance pattem of feather color in hybrid offspring of Texan pigeon and American Silver King pigeon, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of feather colo...[Objective]This study aimed to explore the inheritance pattem of feather color in hybrid offspring of Texan pigeon and American Silver King pigeon, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of feather color auto-sexing strains. [Method]The segregation situation of feather color in the male and female offspring of Texan pigeon （♂）×American Silver King pigeon （♀）（TKYW） and American Silver King pigeon （♂） ×Texan pigeon （♀） （YWTK） was analyzed. [Result]The feather color of TKYW offspring was all slate gray. Among the offspring of YWTK, the feather color of the males was all slate gray, while the feather color of the females was all silver gray; and the ratio between different colors was 1：1 （P 〉 0.05）. The F1 generation of YWTK was subjected to selfing, and the feather color of the male and female F2 generation was analyzed. It was found that the ratio of silver gray （male） to slate gray （male） to silver gray （female） to slate gray （female） was 1：1：1：1 （P 〉 0.05）. On the basis of the above results, it could be preliminarily predicated that the feather color control genes of Texan pigeon are Z^BZB and Z^BW and those of American Silver King pigeon are Z^bZ^b and Z^bW. There is a cumulative effect on B which is dominant for b. [Conclusion] This study will better solve the problem of male and female identification of pigeon in the early period.展开更多
试验旨在比较不同羽色的毛囊代谢组学差异,以探究鸡不同羽色形成的代谢机制。试验对红羽、浅红羽和白羽三组每组各7只鸡,采集其毛囊组织,使用液相色谱-质谱(Liquid chromatography mass spectrometrhy,LC-MS)联用技术对毛囊组织进行代...试验旨在比较不同羽色的毛囊代谢组学差异,以探究鸡不同羽色形成的代谢机制。试验对红羽、浅红羽和白羽三组每组各7只鸡,采集其毛囊组织,使用液相色谱-质谱(Liquid chromatography mass spectrometrhy,LC-MS)联用技术对毛囊组织进行代谢物检测,鉴定3组之间的差异代谢物,并对其代谢通路进行分析。结果显示:在红羽、浅红羽和白羽组中共检测到代谢物4426个,筛选到红羽组和白羽组间的显著差异代谢物共464个,其中在红羽组显著上调的195个,下调的269个,对这些代谢物进行富集分析,筛选出8个代谢物作为导致羽色变化的标志物,其中cAMP、甲氧沙林、GDP和半胱氨酰多巴在红羽组上调,(S)-羟基己酰辅酶A、4-吡哆酸、抗坏血酸和丁酰辅酶A在红羽组下调。研究表明cAMP、甲氧沙林、GDP等8种差异代谢物和其涉及的通路可能是造成红羽、浅红羽和白羽这3种不同羽色的原因,试验可为鸡红羽表型的形成机制解析和育种应用提供参考。展开更多
Background:Ecological functions and processes in urban ecosystems are governed by various human activities.City-adapted and city-exploiting animal species are expected to present certain specific behavioral and physio...Background:Ecological functions and processes in urban ecosystems are governed by various human activities.City-adapted and city-exploiting animal species are expected to present certain specific behavioral and physiological traits in comparison to city-avoiders or conspecific individual frequenting less urbanized or rural environments.A trait of high importance,the plumage color polymorphism has been selected as the main study model and was correlated with different morphological and physiological parameters to highlight its importance in determining the possible health status of urban Feral Pigeons(Columba livia)in North African urban habitats.Methods:Different body morphometrics,hematological and hemoparasitic parameters were quantified on freeliving Feral Pigeons in urban environments of northern Algeria.Moreover,plumage melanin-based coloration(MBC)was measured and the data collected at the individual scale was correlated with the previous parameters using linear and non-linear modeling approaches.Results:Plumage MBC scores of the sampled Feral Pigeons ranged between 0.3%and 74.8%.Among the 12 morphological traits measured,body weight,tail length and total length were deemed to be positively correlated with MBC.Darker morphs appeared to have more hemoparasites compared to lighter pigeons.Quite the same observation goes with the immunity but with non-linear trends.The number of monocytes and granulocytes increased with the increase in MBC levels in lighter morphs,while pigeons with high MBC scores exhibited negative relationships between MBC levels and the number of white blood cells.Conclusions:Despite the existence of a number of studies demonstrating phenotypic directional selection,further studies are undoubtedly necessary to understand in detail the underlying mechanisms in species life-history strategies between differently colored individuals.Findings of this correlative study open exciting perspectives revealing that MBC can be considered a good indicator of and health status and adaptation strategies to changes in urban environments.展开更多
Carotenoids, which generate yellow, orange, and red colors, are crucial pigments in avian plumage. Investigations into genes associated with carotenoid- based coloration in avian species are important; however, such r...Carotenoids, which generate yellow, orange, and red colors, are crucial pigments in avian plumage. Investigations into genes associated with carotenoid- based coloration in avian species are important; however, such research is difficult because carotenoids cannot be synthetized in vertebrates as they are only derived from dietary sources. Here, the golden pheasant （Chrysolophus pictus） was used as a model in analysis of candidate gene expression profiles implicated in carotenoid binding and deposition. Using mass and Raman spectrometry to confirm the presence of carotenoids in golden pheasant feathers, we found C40H540 and C40H5602 in feathers with yellow to red colors, and in the rachis of iridescent feathers. The global gene expression profiles in golden pheasant skins were analyzed by RNA-seq and all six carotenoid binding candidate genes sequenced were studied by real- time PCR. STAR4, GSTA2, Scarbl, and APOD in feather follicles showed different expressions in red breast and orange nape feathers compared with that of iridescent mantle feathers. Further comparison of golden pheasant yellow rump and Lady Amherst＇s pheasant （Chrysolophus amherstiae） white nape feathers suggested that GSTA2 and APOD played a potential role in carotenoid-based coloration in golden pheasant.展开更多
本试验旨在研究小麦-豆粕型饲粮中添加不同水平金菊黄和一品红对黄羽肉鸡生长性能,背部皮肤、腹部皮肤、胫脚和腹脂颜色以及色素沉积基因表达的影响,为天然类胡萝卜素在肉鸡上的应用提供参考。选取540只健康状况良好且体重相近的1日龄...本试验旨在研究小麦-豆粕型饲粮中添加不同水平金菊黄和一品红对黄羽肉鸡生长性能,背部皮肤、腹部皮肤、胫脚和腹脂颜色以及色素沉积基因表达的影响,为天然类胡萝卜素在肉鸡上的应用提供参考。选取540只健康状况良好且体重相近的1日龄麻黄肉公鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,色素1组在基础饲粮中添加1000 mg/kg金菊黄和1000 mg/kg一品红,色素2组在基础饲粮中添加2000 mg/kg金菊黄和2000 mg/kg一品红。试验期48 d。结果表明:1)色素1组48日龄体重以及22~48日龄和1~48日龄平均日增重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),色素1、2组22~48日龄和1~48日龄料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)对于背部皮肤,与对照组相比,色素2组21日龄亮度(L^(∗))值显著降低(P<0.05),色素1、2组屠宰后45 min L^(∗)值显著降低(P<0.05);色素2组35日龄红度(a^(∗))值显著升高(P<0.05),色素1、2组屠宰后45 min和48 h a^(∗)值均显著升高(P<0.05);色素1、2组21、35、48日龄以及屠宰后45 min和48 h黄度(b^(∗))值均显著升高(P<0.05),且色素2组21、35和48日龄b^(∗)值显著高于色素1组(P<0.05)。3)对于腹部皮肤,与对照组相比,色素2组屠宰后45 min和48 h L^(∗)值显著降低(P<0.05);色素1、2组21日龄、48日龄以及屠宰后45 min和48 h a^(∗)值显著升高(P<0.05),且色素2组21日龄a^(∗)值显著高于色素1组(P<0.05);色素1、2组21、35、48日龄以及屠宰后45 min和48 h b^(∗)值均显著升高(P<0.05),且色素2组21日龄和屠宰后48 h b^(∗)值显著高于色素1组(P<0.05)。4)对于胫脚,与对照组相比,色素1、2组35日龄L^(∗)值显著降低(P<0.05);色素1、2组21、35和48日龄a^(∗)值显著升高(P<0.05);色素1、2组21、35和48日龄b^(∗)值显著升高(P<0.05),且色素2组35和48日龄b^(∗)值显著高于色素1组(P<0.05)。5)对于腹脂,与对照组相比,色素1、2组48日龄a^(∗)和b^(∗)值均显著升高(P<0.05),且色素2组48日龄b^(∗)值显著高于色素1组(P<0.05)。6)与对照组相比,色素1、2组皮肤、肝脏和肾脏中β-胡萝卜素-9′,10′-加氧酶(BCO2)基因表达量均显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,小麦-豆粕型饲粮中添加金菊黄和一品红可改善肉鸡生长性能以及不同阶段皮肤和腹脂着色效果,同时影响色素沉积基因表达,且低添加水平(1000 mg/kg)改善生长性能效果优于高添加水平(2000 mg/kg),但高添加水平着色效果优于低添加水平。展开更多
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(Modern Agriculture)(BE2017348)~~
文摘[Objective]This study aimed to explore the inheritance pattem of feather color in hybrid offspring of Texan pigeon and American Silver King pigeon, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of feather color auto-sexing strains. [Method]The segregation situation of feather color in the male and female offspring of Texan pigeon （♂）×American Silver King pigeon （♀）（TKYW） and American Silver King pigeon （♂） ×Texan pigeon （♀） （YWTK） was analyzed. [Result]The feather color of TKYW offspring was all slate gray. Among the offspring of YWTK, the feather color of the males was all slate gray, while the feather color of the females was all silver gray; and the ratio between different colors was 1：1 （P 〉 0.05）. The F1 generation of YWTK was subjected to selfing, and the feather color of the male and female F2 generation was analyzed. It was found that the ratio of silver gray （male） to slate gray （male） to silver gray （female） to slate gray （female） was 1：1：1：1 （P 〉 0.05）. On the basis of the above results, it could be preliminarily predicated that the feather color control genes of Texan pigeon are Z^BZB and Z^BW and those of American Silver King pigeon are Z^bZ^b and Z^bW. There is a cumulative effect on B which is dominant for b. [Conclusion] This study will better solve the problem of male and female identification of pigeon in the early period.
文摘试验旨在比较不同羽色的毛囊代谢组学差异,以探究鸡不同羽色形成的代谢机制。试验对红羽、浅红羽和白羽三组每组各7只鸡,采集其毛囊组织,使用液相色谱-质谱(Liquid chromatography mass spectrometrhy,LC-MS)联用技术对毛囊组织进行代谢物检测,鉴定3组之间的差异代谢物,并对其代谢通路进行分析。结果显示:在红羽、浅红羽和白羽组中共检测到代谢物4426个,筛选到红羽组和白羽组间的显著差异代谢物共464个,其中在红羽组显著上调的195个,下调的269个,对这些代谢物进行富集分析,筛选出8个代谢物作为导致羽色变化的标志物,其中cAMP、甲氧沙林、GDP和半胱氨酰多巴在红羽组上调,(S)-羟基己酰辅酶A、4-吡哆酸、抗坏血酸和丁酰辅酶A在红羽组下调。研究表明cAMP、甲氧沙林、GDP等8种差异代谢物和其涉及的通路可能是造成红羽、浅红羽和白羽这3种不同羽色的原因,试验可为鸡红羽表型的形成机制解析和育种应用提供参考。
基金supported by the DGRSDT and MESRS(Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Algeria)。
文摘Background:Ecological functions and processes in urban ecosystems are governed by various human activities.City-adapted and city-exploiting animal species are expected to present certain specific behavioral and physiological traits in comparison to city-avoiders or conspecific individual frequenting less urbanized or rural environments.A trait of high importance,the plumage color polymorphism has been selected as the main study model and was correlated with different morphological and physiological parameters to highlight its importance in determining the possible health status of urban Feral Pigeons(Columba livia)in North African urban habitats.Methods:Different body morphometrics,hematological and hemoparasitic parameters were quantified on freeliving Feral Pigeons in urban environments of northern Algeria.Moreover,plumage melanin-based coloration(MBC)was measured and the data collected at the individual scale was correlated with the previous parameters using linear and non-linear modeling approaches.Results:Plumage MBC scores of the sampled Feral Pigeons ranged between 0.3%and 74.8%.Among the 12 morphological traits measured,body weight,tail length and total length were deemed to be positively correlated with MBC.Darker morphs appeared to have more hemoparasites compared to lighter pigeons.Quite the same observation goes with the immunity but with non-linear trends.The number of monocytes and granulocytes increased with the increase in MBC levels in lighter morphs,while pigeons with high MBC scores exhibited negative relationships between MBC levels and the number of white blood cells.Conclusions:Despite the existence of a number of studies demonstrating phenotypic directional selection,further studies are undoubtedly necessary to understand in detail the underlying mechanisms in species life-history strategies between differently colored individuals.Findings of this correlative study open exciting perspectives revealing that MBC can be considered a good indicator of and health status and adaptation strategies to changes in urban environments.
基金supported by the 2014 Fundamental Research Program from Science and Technology of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China
文摘Carotenoids, which generate yellow, orange, and red colors, are crucial pigments in avian plumage. Investigations into genes associated with carotenoid- based coloration in avian species are important; however, such research is difficult because carotenoids cannot be synthetized in vertebrates as they are only derived from dietary sources. Here, the golden pheasant （Chrysolophus pictus） was used as a model in analysis of candidate gene expression profiles implicated in carotenoid binding and deposition. Using mass and Raman spectrometry to confirm the presence of carotenoids in golden pheasant feathers, we found C40H540 and C40H5602 in feathers with yellow to red colors, and in the rachis of iridescent feathers. The global gene expression profiles in golden pheasant skins were analyzed by RNA-seq and all six carotenoid binding candidate genes sequenced were studied by real- time PCR. STAR4, GSTA2, Scarbl, and APOD in feather follicles showed different expressions in red breast and orange nape feathers compared with that of iridescent mantle feathers. Further comparison of golden pheasant yellow rump and Lady Amherst＇s pheasant （Chrysolophus amherstiae） white nape feathers suggested that GSTA2 and APOD played a potential role in carotenoid-based coloration in golden pheasant.
文摘本试验旨在研究小麦-豆粕型饲粮中添加不同水平金菊黄和一品红对黄羽肉鸡生长性能,背部皮肤、腹部皮肤、胫脚和腹脂颜色以及色素沉积基因表达的影响,为天然类胡萝卜素在肉鸡上的应用提供参考。选取540只健康状况良好且体重相近的1日龄麻黄肉公鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,色素1组在基础饲粮中添加1000 mg/kg金菊黄和1000 mg/kg一品红,色素2组在基础饲粮中添加2000 mg/kg金菊黄和2000 mg/kg一品红。试验期48 d。结果表明:1)色素1组48日龄体重以及22~48日龄和1~48日龄平均日增重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),色素1、2组22~48日龄和1~48日龄料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)对于背部皮肤,与对照组相比,色素2组21日龄亮度(L^(∗))值显著降低(P<0.05),色素1、2组屠宰后45 min L^(∗)值显著降低(P<0.05);色素2组35日龄红度(a^(∗))值显著升高(P<0.05),色素1、2组屠宰后45 min和48 h a^(∗)值均显著升高(P<0.05);色素1、2组21、35、48日龄以及屠宰后45 min和48 h黄度(b^(∗))值均显著升高(P<0.05),且色素2组21、35和48日龄b^(∗)值显著高于色素1组(P<0.05)。3)对于腹部皮肤,与对照组相比,色素2组屠宰后45 min和48 h L^(∗)值显著降低(P<0.05);色素1、2组21日龄、48日龄以及屠宰后45 min和48 h a^(∗)值显著升高(P<0.05),且色素2组21日龄a^(∗)值显著高于色素1组(P<0.05);色素1、2组21、35、48日龄以及屠宰后45 min和48 h b^(∗)值均显著升高(P<0.05),且色素2组21日龄和屠宰后48 h b^(∗)值显著高于色素1组(P<0.05)。4)对于胫脚,与对照组相比,色素1、2组35日龄L^(∗)值显著降低(P<0.05);色素1、2组21、35和48日龄a^(∗)值显著升高(P<0.05);色素1、2组21、35和48日龄b^(∗)值显著升高(P<0.05),且色素2组35和48日龄b^(∗)值显著高于色素1组(P<0.05)。5)对于腹脂,与对照组相比,色素1、2组48日龄a^(∗)和b^(∗)值均显著升高(P<0.05),且色素2组48日龄b^(∗)值显著高于色素1组(P<0.05)。6)与对照组相比,色素1、2组皮肤、肝脏和肾脏中β-胡萝卜素-9′,10′-加氧酶(BCO2)基因表达量均显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,小麦-豆粕型饲粮中添加金菊黄和一品红可改善肉鸡生长性能以及不同阶段皮肤和腹脂着色效果,同时影响色素沉积基因表达,且低添加水平(1000 mg/kg)改善生长性能效果优于高添加水平(2000 mg/kg),但高添加水平着色效果优于低添加水平。
