Background:Chagas disease(CD)is transmitted by vectors but can also be transmitted orally through contaminated food,drinks,or meat.The One Health perspective aims to understand the complex interaction between human,an...Background:Chagas disease(CD)is transmitted by vectors but can also be transmitted orally through contaminated food,drinks,or meat.The One Health perspective aims to understand the complex interaction between human,animal,and environmental health in controlling disease.This study analyzed risk factors and drew lessons from past outbreaks of orally transmitted CD to develop effective preventive strategies.Methods:A simultaneous mixed methods study was conducted.The study consisted of two phases:an ecological epidemiological analysis at the municipal level using secondary data spanning from 1992 to 2023,and semistructured interviews with health providers and policymakers at the national level in Colombia.The results from both phases were triangulated to gain a comprehensive understanding of the topic.Results:A total of 64 outbreaks,infecting 302 individuals,were reported.Most of these outbreaks(89.2%)were classified as family-related,and they occurred most frequently during the months of April to June(46.6%).It is worth noting that a significant number of these outbreaks took place in municipalities that lacked vector control plans.Risk factors for oral transmission included the location of food preparation,poor housing quality,food preparation water source,the presence of vectors/marsupials,forest type,and climatic variables.Interviews conducted emphasized the importance of implementing outbreak plans and providing staff training to effectively address the issue.Conclusion:A One Health approach strengthening prevention,surveillance,case management and cross-sectoral collaboration is needed to control outbreaks and reduce transmission in Colombia.Preparedness plans and education of health professionals are also important.This study identified modifiable risk factors to guide public health interventions.展开更多
Transmissible venereal tumor(TVT) is a coitally transmitted tumor of dogs with widespread distribution. The present study describes the occurrence of the primary oral and nasal TVT in a 10-year-old, female, mix-breed ...Transmissible venereal tumor(TVT) is a coitally transmitted tumor of dogs with widespread distribution. The present study describes the occurrence of the primary oral and nasal TVT in a 10-year-old, female, mix-breed dog. The case was presented with a history of anorexia, inability to swallow and dyspnea. Clinical examinations revealed the emaciation, muzzle deformity due to the presence of a friable, fleshy, cauliflower-like mass in the oral cavity and submandibular lymphadenopathy. TVT was diagnosed based on histopathological findings. The dog was discharged with therapeutic intervention with vincristine. Unfortunately, the case died before readmission because of the progressive worsening of the general condition. Our findings highlight the need for considering TVT for the differential diagnosis of the extragenital masses in dogs.展开更多
According to current guidelines, exposing mucous membrane to blood and body fluids of HIV infected people is risk of transmission. About 30% - 80% of HIV infected people have at least one oral manifestation. The most ...According to current guidelines, exposing mucous membrane to blood and body fluids of HIV infected people is risk of transmission. About 30% - 80% of HIV infected people have at least one oral manifestation. The most frequently occurring oral manifestations (pseudomembranous candidiasis, linear gingival erythema, etc.) give rise to bleeding either spontaneously or after stimulation, and strenuous stirring during oral sex and deep-mouth kissing increase risk of bleeding from oral manifestations, exposing oral and genital mucous membrane of partners to the blood. However, current guidelines assert that there’s little to no risk of getting HIV from oral sex and deep-mouth kissing. These guidelines are conflict with each other, suggesting potential problems with current prevention strategies which are based on the guidelines. After discussing existing data on animals, lesbians, young peoples, and occupational exposures, this paper suggests oral sex and deep-mouth kissing are risk factors when one partner has HIV-associated oral bleeding manifestations, and the number of infections associated with oral sex and deep-mouth kissing is significant. Current guidelines on HIV risk factors should be reevaluated urgently, and new studies should be undertaken with an open mind to explore risk factors.展开更多
To understand the influence of seasonal periodicity and environmental heterogeneity on the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease, we consider asymptotic periodicity in the fecally-orally epidemic model in a h...To understand the influence of seasonal periodicity and environmental heterogeneity on the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease, we consider asymptotic periodicity in the fecally-orally epidemic model in a heterogeneous environment. By using the next generation operator and the related eigenvalue problems, the basic reproduction number is introduced and shows that it plays an important role in the existence and non-existence of a positive T-periodic solution. The sufficient conditions for the existence and non-existence of a positive T-periodic solution are provided by applying upper and lower solutions method. Our results showed that the fecally-orally epidemic model in a heterogeneous environment admits at least one positive T-periodic solution if the basic reproduction number is greater than one, while no T-periodic solution exists if the basic reproduction number is less than or equal to one. By means of monotone iterative schemes, we construct the true positive solutions. The asymptotic behavior of periodic solutions is presented. To illustrate our theoretical results, some numerical simulations are given. The paper ends with some conclusions and future considerations.展开更多
Objective： To explore the functions and mechanisms of herpes simplex virus type I（HSV-1） while infecting human oral epithelial cells in vitro（being similar to the infection in vivo）. Methods：An abundance of HSV-...Objective： To explore the functions and mechanisms of herpes simplex virus type I（HSV-1） while infecting human oral epithelial cells in vitro（being similar to the infection in vivo）. Methods：An abundance of HSV-1 strains amplified in Vero cells were used to infect human oral epithelial cells. The culture supernatant was collected to infect Vero cells again. Morphology of HSV-1 was identified by inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope. Nucleic acid of the virus was detected by PCR. Results：The infected human oral epithelial cells didn＇ t display an obvious cytopathic effect（CPE） under inverted microscope（while Vero cells which were infected by the culture supernatant showed typical（CPE）. The virus particles were not observed in the cytoplasm nor in nucleus of human oral epithelial cells, however under transmission electron microscope in the cytoplasm of Vero cells, the nucleic acid of HSV-1 could be detected in infected human oral epithelial cells, by PCR. Conclusion-HSV-1 can successfully infect human oral epithelial cells. This model may provide a useful approach for studying the pathogenesis of herpes virus-associated periodontal disease.展开更多
文摘Background:Chagas disease(CD)is transmitted by vectors but can also be transmitted orally through contaminated food,drinks,or meat.The One Health perspective aims to understand the complex interaction between human,animal,and environmental health in controlling disease.This study analyzed risk factors and drew lessons from past outbreaks of orally transmitted CD to develop effective preventive strategies.Methods:A simultaneous mixed methods study was conducted.The study consisted of two phases:an ecological epidemiological analysis at the municipal level using secondary data spanning from 1992 to 2023,and semistructured interviews with health providers and policymakers at the national level in Colombia.The results from both phases were triangulated to gain a comprehensive understanding of the topic.Results:A total of 64 outbreaks,infecting 302 individuals,were reported.Most of these outbreaks(89.2%)were classified as family-related,and they occurred most frequently during the months of April to June(46.6%).It is worth noting that a significant number of these outbreaks took place in municipalities that lacked vector control plans.Risk factors for oral transmission included the location of food preparation,poor housing quality,food preparation water source,the presence of vectors/marsupials,forest type,and climatic variables.Interviews conducted emphasized the importance of implementing outbreak plans and providing staff training to effectively address the issue.Conclusion:A One Health approach strengthening prevention,surveillance,case management and cross-sectoral collaboration is needed to control outbreaks and reduce transmission in Colombia.Preparedness plans and education of health professionals are also important.This study identified modifiable risk factors to guide public health interventions.
基金Supported by a grant from Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman,Research Council,Kerman,Iran(No.92-GR-VS-01)
文摘Transmissible venereal tumor(TVT) is a coitally transmitted tumor of dogs with widespread distribution. The present study describes the occurrence of the primary oral and nasal TVT in a 10-year-old, female, mix-breed dog. The case was presented with a history of anorexia, inability to swallow and dyspnea. Clinical examinations revealed the emaciation, muzzle deformity due to the presence of a friable, fleshy, cauliflower-like mass in the oral cavity and submandibular lymphadenopathy. TVT was diagnosed based on histopathological findings. The dog was discharged with therapeutic intervention with vincristine. Unfortunately, the case died before readmission because of the progressive worsening of the general condition. Our findings highlight the need for considering TVT for the differential diagnosis of the extragenital masses in dogs.
文摘According to current guidelines, exposing mucous membrane to blood and body fluids of HIV infected people is risk of transmission. About 30% - 80% of HIV infected people have at least one oral manifestation. The most frequently occurring oral manifestations (pseudomembranous candidiasis, linear gingival erythema, etc.) give rise to bleeding either spontaneously or after stimulation, and strenuous stirring during oral sex and deep-mouth kissing increase risk of bleeding from oral manifestations, exposing oral and genital mucous membrane of partners to the blood. However, current guidelines assert that there’s little to no risk of getting HIV from oral sex and deep-mouth kissing. These guidelines are conflict with each other, suggesting potential problems with current prevention strategies which are based on the guidelines. After discussing existing data on animals, lesbians, young peoples, and occupational exposures, this paper suggests oral sex and deep-mouth kissing are risk factors when one partner has HIV-associated oral bleeding manifestations, and the number of infections associated with oral sex and deep-mouth kissing is significant. Current guidelines on HIV risk factors should be reevaluated urgently, and new studies should be undertaken with an open mind to explore risk factors.
文摘To understand the influence of seasonal periodicity and environmental heterogeneity on the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease, we consider asymptotic periodicity in the fecally-orally epidemic model in a heterogeneous environment. By using the next generation operator and the related eigenvalue problems, the basic reproduction number is introduced and shows that it plays an important role in the existence and non-existence of a positive T-periodic solution. The sufficient conditions for the existence and non-existence of a positive T-periodic solution are provided by applying upper and lower solutions method. Our results showed that the fecally-orally epidemic model in a heterogeneous environment admits at least one positive T-periodic solution if the basic reproduction number is greater than one, while no T-periodic solution exists if the basic reproduction number is less than or equal to one. By means of monotone iterative schemes, we construct the true positive solutions. The asymptotic behavior of periodic solutions is presented. To illustrate our theoretical results, some numerical simulations are given. The paper ends with some conclusions and future considerations.
文摘Objective： To explore the functions and mechanisms of herpes simplex virus type I（HSV-1） while infecting human oral epithelial cells in vitro（being similar to the infection in vivo）. Methods：An abundance of HSV-1 strains amplified in Vero cells were used to infect human oral epithelial cells. The culture supernatant was collected to infect Vero cells again. Morphology of HSV-1 was identified by inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope. Nucleic acid of the virus was detected by PCR. Results：The infected human oral epithelial cells didn＇ t display an obvious cytopathic effect（CPE） under inverted microscope（while Vero cells which were infected by the culture supernatant showed typical（CPE）. The virus particles were not observed in the cytoplasm nor in nucleus of human oral epithelial cells, however under transmission electron microscope in the cytoplasm of Vero cells, the nucleic acid of HSV-1 could be detected in infected human oral epithelial cells, by PCR. Conclusion-HSV-1 can successfully infect human oral epithelial cells. This model may provide a useful approach for studying the pathogenesis of herpes virus-associated periodontal disease.
