Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun （Bosfrontalis） - a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill ...Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun （Bosfrontalis） - a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region （NEHR） of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns （B. frontalis） as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems （free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation）, and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation （1.o kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet） and in two different seasons （summer and winter）. It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption （per unit of body weight） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption （drinking as well as performed water） was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly （P〈0.01） increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33 - 46 % of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8 % of body weight. It could, therefore, be inferred that water intake by mithun varied with seasons, rearing systems and dry feed consumption. As far as the water nutrition is concerned, it is needed to give an attention while feeding mithun in summer with dry feed supplementation under semi-intensive system of rearing.展开更多
Feeding of freshwater cyclopoid copepod Acanthocyclops robustus on zooplankton was examined by a series of feeding experiments during August-September of 1993. Study results showed A robustus can capture and eat all t...Feeding of freshwater cyclopoid copepod Acanthocyclops robustus on zooplankton was examined by a series of feeding experiments during August-September of 1993. Study results showed A robustus can capture and eat all type items provided from the Stary Haklovsky fishpond, a shallow eutrophic water body near Budejovice City, Czech Republic. Selection by the predator was determined largely by prey body-size and density, but was also affected by prey types. Variable but significant changes in feeding rates were found in various size distribution and concentration of prey types. Percentages of small (80-235μm) and large (445-610μm) prey consumed were 42.47 and 3.85%, respectively. Starvation did not cause statistically significant difference. The feeding on Ceriodaphnia quadrangula showed significant difference between large and small prey. Feeding rate increased with increasing prey concentration.展开更多
A cyclone dust collector is applied in many industries. Especially the axial flow cyclone is the mostsimple construction and it keeps high reliability for maintenance. On the other hand, the collectionefficiency of th...A cyclone dust collector is applied in many industries. Especially the axial flow cyclone is the mostsimple construction and it keeps high reliability for maintenance. On the other hand, the collectionefficiency of the cyclone depends not only on the inlet gas velocity but also on the feed particle concentration. The collection efficiency increases with increasing feed particle concentration. However untilnow the problem of how to estimate the collection efficiency depended on the feed particle concentrationis remained except the investigation by Muschelknautz & Brunner~[6]. Therefore in this paper one ofthe estimate method for the collection efficiency of the axial flow cyclones is proposed. The applicationto the geometrically similar type of cyclone of the body diameters D_1=30, 50, 69 and 99 mm showedin good agreement with the experimental results of the collection efficiencies which were described indetail in the paper by Ogawa & Sugiyama~[8].展开更多
Effect of distribution of iron concentrates between pelletized and matrix feed on the preparation of blast furnace burdens from two different kinds of fine iron concentrates (magnetite and hematite) by composite agglo...Effect of distribution of iron concentrates between pelletized and matrix feed on the preparation of blast furnace burdens from two different kinds of fine iron concentrates (magnetite and hematite) by composite agglomeration process (CAP) was explored. It was found that when the mass ratio of iron concentrate A (magnetite) to iron concentrate B (hematite) in the mixed feed was constant, the proportion of iron concentrate A in the pelletized and matrix feed significantly affected the quality of CAP products. Particularly, as the proportion of iron concentrate A in the pelletized feed increased from 0 to 100%, the yield decreased from 82.11% to 79.19% and the tumbler index decreased from 71.33% to 68.27%. The mineralization characterization results indicated that when 100% iron concentrate A was used as the pelletized feed, the crystallization styles of the outer layer and the inner layer of the pellet were different, and a lot of pores exist around hematite and magnetite phases in the pelletized part, with the weak connection of pelletized and matrix part, resulting in poor strength of agglomeration product.展开更多
This review provides a summary of the available scientific data on selenium status in Turkey. The first reports regarding selenium status in Turkey appeared in the 1990s. Since then, much attention has been paid to se...This review provides a summary of the available scientific data on selenium status in Turkey. The first reports regarding selenium status in Turkey appeared in the 1990s. Since then, much attention has been paid to selenium content in soil, cereal crops and a variety of other foodstuffs including corn, garlic, mushrooms, fresh and canned fish, meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, spice and condiment plants and honey. Previous reports by Foster and Summer (1997), Aras et al. (2001) and H?ncal (2007) reported daily selenium intake in Turkey to be 30 μg/day, 20-53 μg/day and 30-40 μg/day, respectively. However, these reports are based on limited local data and cannot be generalized for the entire country. As a result, there is still a need for further research in all seven regions and 81 provinces of the country to measure selenium content of soil, food, water and animal feed in order to determine the average daily selenium intake of animals and humans in Turkey.展开更多
Isotope dilution(ID)method has been widely applied to studies of elemental speciation and certification of the concentrations of geological reference materials.One of the key factors restricting the application of the...Isotope dilution(ID)method has been widely applied to studies of elemental speciation and certification of the concentrations of geological reference materials.One of the key factors restricting the application of the ID method is the difficulty in identifying the optimal ratios of the isotope tracer(spike)to sample(S/N)and in estimating the error propagation.Here,using Se isotope as an example and employing a Monte Carlo method,we found that the optimal choice of spike and S/N are^(77)Se(spike)and 0.7,respectively.The S/N in the range from 0.1 to 4 can produce sufficiently low errors(<0.4%).Extending this method to other elements such as Cr,Fe,Ni,Sr,Cd and etc.,their optimal spike and S/N were also presented.According to the optimized parameters of Se,we determined the Se concentrations of geological reference materials(GRMs)by thiol cotton fiber(TCF)-hydride generation ID-MC-ICP-MS.The relative standard deviation is<5%,and the detection limit is reduced to0.1 ng/g.Most of the measured concentrations are consistent with those recommended by IGGE or reported previously.For some GRMs,discrepancies(e.g.6.90%for GSS-5)exist between our measurements and previous ones,which can be explained by the inhomogeneity of GRMs and/or the different digestion,purification and measurement methods among laboratories.展开更多
文摘Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun （Bosfrontalis） - a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region （NEHR） of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns （B. frontalis） as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems （free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation）, and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation （1.o kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet） and in two different seasons （summer and winter）. It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption （per unit of body weight） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption （drinking as well as performed water） was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly （P〈0.01） increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33 - 46 % of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8 % of body weight. It could, therefore, be inferred that water intake by mithun varied with seasons, rearing systems and dry feed consumption. As far as the water nutrition is concerned, it is needed to give an attention while feeding mithun in summer with dry feed supplementation under semi-intensive system of rearing.
文摘Feeding of freshwater cyclopoid copepod Acanthocyclops robustus on zooplankton was examined by a series of feeding experiments during August-September of 1993. Study results showed A robustus can capture and eat all type items provided from the Stary Haklovsky fishpond, a shallow eutrophic water body near Budejovice City, Czech Republic. Selection by the predator was determined largely by prey body-size and density, but was also affected by prey types. Variable but significant changes in feeding rates were found in various size distribution and concentration of prey types. Percentages of small (80-235μm) and large (445-610μm) prey consumed were 42.47 and 3.85%, respectively. Starvation did not cause statistically significant difference. The feeding on Ceriodaphnia quadrangula showed significant difference between large and small prey. Feeding rate increased with increasing prey concentration.
文摘A cyclone dust collector is applied in many industries. Especially the axial flow cyclone is the mostsimple construction and it keeps high reliability for maintenance. On the other hand, the collectionefficiency of the cyclone depends not only on the inlet gas velocity but also on the feed particle concentration. The collection efficiency increases with increasing feed particle concentration. However untilnow the problem of how to estimate the collection efficiency depended on the feed particle concentrationis remained except the investigation by Muschelknautz & Brunner~[6]. Therefore in this paper one ofthe estimate method for the collection efficiency of the axial flow cyclones is proposed. The applicationto the geometrically similar type of cyclone of the body diameters D_1=30, 50, 69 and 99 mm showedin good agreement with the experimental results of the collection efficiencies which were described indetail in the paper by Ogawa & Sugiyama~[8].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U1960114,51774337,and U1660206the Open Sharing Fund for the Large-scale Instruments and Equipments of Central South University under Grant CSUZC201905the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University under Grant 2018zzts220.
文摘Effect of distribution of iron concentrates between pelletized and matrix feed on the preparation of blast furnace burdens from two different kinds of fine iron concentrates (magnetite and hematite) by composite agglomeration process (CAP) was explored. It was found that when the mass ratio of iron concentrate A (magnetite) to iron concentrate B (hematite) in the mixed feed was constant, the proportion of iron concentrate A in the pelletized and matrix feed significantly affected the quality of CAP products. Particularly, as the proportion of iron concentrate A in the pelletized feed increased from 0 to 100%, the yield decreased from 82.11% to 79.19% and the tumbler index decreased from 71.33% to 68.27%. The mineralization characterization results indicated that when 100% iron concentrate A was used as the pelletized feed, the crystallization styles of the outer layer and the inner layer of the pellet were different, and a lot of pores exist around hematite and magnetite phases in the pelletized part, with the weak connection of pelletized and matrix part, resulting in poor strength of agglomeration product.
文摘This review provides a summary of the available scientific data on selenium status in Turkey. The first reports regarding selenium status in Turkey appeared in the 1990s. Since then, much attention has been paid to selenium content in soil, cereal crops and a variety of other foodstuffs including corn, garlic, mushrooms, fresh and canned fish, meat and meat products, milk and dairy products, spice and condiment plants and honey. Previous reports by Foster and Summer (1997), Aras et al. (2001) and H?ncal (2007) reported daily selenium intake in Turkey to be 30 μg/day, 20-53 μg/day and 30-40 μg/day, respectively. However, these reports are based on limited local data and cannot be generalized for the entire country. As a result, there is still a need for further research in all seven regions and 81 provinces of the country to measure selenium content of soil, food, water and animal feed in order to determine the average daily selenium intake of animals and humans in Turkey.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1612441,41673017)。
文摘Isotope dilution(ID)method has been widely applied to studies of elemental speciation and certification of the concentrations of geological reference materials.One of the key factors restricting the application of the ID method is the difficulty in identifying the optimal ratios of the isotope tracer(spike)to sample(S/N)and in estimating the error propagation.Here,using Se isotope as an example and employing a Monte Carlo method,we found that the optimal choice of spike and S/N are^(77)Se(spike)and 0.7,respectively.The S/N in the range from 0.1 to 4 can produce sufficiently low errors(<0.4%).Extending this method to other elements such as Cr,Fe,Ni,Sr,Cd and etc.,their optimal spike and S/N were also presented.According to the optimized parameters of Se,we determined the Se concentrations of geological reference materials(GRMs)by thiol cotton fiber(TCF)-hydride generation ID-MC-ICP-MS.The relative standard deviation is<5%,and the detection limit is reduced to0.1 ng/g.Most of the measured concentrations are consistent with those recommended by IGGE or reported previously.For some GRMs,discrepancies(e.g.6.90%for GSS-5)exist between our measurements and previous ones,which can be explained by the inhomogeneity of GRMs and/or the different digestion,purification and measurement methods among laboratories.
