Interpretation of Female Tragedy Semiotics in the White Deer Plain--Take Tian Xiao’e as a Case

In the novel White Deer Plain,Chen Zhongshi profoundly narrated the tragic fate of the survival of the image of Chinese women,revealed the social status,inner world and character characteristics of women in Chinese traditional culture,and explained the tragic root of the survival of Chinese women from the Chinese cultural level.About the description of the characters,Tian Xiao’e was deeper to touch the depths of human nature affection Aaron and reason of conflict,touched the moral self and human self in a culture of conflict,so that the survival of female tragic signs of the novel has a wider significance and general significance.In this article,the author takes Tian Xiao’e as the example,to analyze this typical characteristic from the angle of the female tragedy semiotics in multi-dimensional interpretation of the characters.It is not only has practical significance for gender ethics construction,also has the vital significance to our mind world and the cultural construction today.

The Tragedy of the Female Protagonist in The Singing Lesson

The Singing Lesson is one of Katherine Mansfield's excellent short stories.Same with her other love stories,Mansfield still adds a pessimistic tone to love in this work.The heroine does not hold an equal status in the relationship with her fiancé,and her blind choice will bring her inevitably a failing marriage.However,the essential cause of her tragic fate is not her shallow and foolishness,but the heavy oppression of a patriarchal society.Via the analysis of the heroine's dramatic performance in the singing lesson,this paper reveals the misfortune of the heroine in love and her coming marriage,and the deep harm the patriarchy society did to females' existence and their spirits.

Obesity in African-American Early to Middle-Aged Females: Prevention and Treatment through Education

The objective of this study was to develop an educational program for African-American females on diet and exercise in the treatment and prevention of obesity. African-American female participants aged 30-50 with a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 25 were recruited for inclusion in the study. A qualitative assessment was completed which observed the attitudes, personal beliefs, dietary and physical risk factors regarding weight loss before and after an educational intervention which focused specifically on the targeted population. Pre- and post-assessment questionnaires were utilized in this study. This design intended to measure whether the educational intervention affected real change among the participant’s lifestyle choices. Results revealed that most participants initially did not consider themselves to be overweight or obese and that after the education intervention, realized that they were overweight or obese. Many participants felt that their support systems were adequate. Initially, participants consumed fried foods and high calorie drinks. After the educational intervention, many preferred baked foods and decreased the intake of high calorie drinks. Emotions were also identified as a cause of overeating. Many participants found the educational sessions beneficial to their weight loss and fitness efforts. Challenges such as lack of adequate social support and emotions controlling eating patterns still exist in this population and need to be addressed. The creation of standardized protocols to directly address emotional needs at every medical visit would assist in identification of problems which could negatively affect lifestyle choices.

Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1(FMR1), a novel inhibitor of osteoblast/osteocyte differentiation, regulates bone formation, mass, and strength in young and aged male and female mice

Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1(FMR1)gene mutations lead to fragile X syndrome,cognitive disorders,and,in some individuals,scoliosis and craniofacial abnormalities.Four-month-old(mo)male mice with deletion of the FMR1 gene exhibit a mild increase in cortical and cancellous femoral bone mass.However,consequences of absence of FMR1 in bone of young/aged male/female mice and the cellular basis of the skeletal phenotype remain unknown.We found that absence of FMR1 results in improved bone properties with higher bone mineral density in both sexes and in 2-and 9-mo mice.The cancellous bone mass is higher only in females,whereas,cortical bone mass is higher in 2-and 9-mo males,but higher in 2-and lower in 9-mo female FMR1-knockout mice.Furthermore,male bones show higher biomechanical properties at 2mo,and females at both ages.Absence of FMR1 increases osteoblast/mineralization/bone formation and osteocyte dendricity/gene expression in vivo/ex vivo/in vitro,without affecting osteoclasts in vivo/ex vivo.Thus,FMR1 is a novel osteoblast/osteocyte differentiation inhibitor,and its absence leads to age-,site-and sex-dependent higher bone mass/strength.

Effects of Mulberry Extract on Regulation of Sex Hormone and Hypothalamic Neurotransmitter in Naturally Aged Female Rats

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different mulberry extracts on sex hormone and hypothalamic neurotransmitter in naturally aged female rats and reveal the mechanism and material basis of anti-aging effect of mulberry. [ Method] Fourteen-month-old SD female rats were selected and ran- domly divided into model group, positive control group, high-dose and low-dose water extract groups, high-dose and low-dose 50% ethanol extract groups, and high-dose and low-dose 95% ethanol extract groups; four-month-old SD female rats were used as blank control group. After eight weeks of drug administration, the levels of 17β-estradiol （E2 ）, follicle- stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） in serum and beta-endorphin （β-EP） in hypothalamus were de- termined by radioimmunoassay; the levels of norepinephrine （ NE）, dopamine （ DA）, 5-hydroxy tryptamine （5-HT） and 5-HIAA in hypothalamus were determined by fluorescence spectrometry. [ Result] Water extract of mulberry can increase the level of E2 and reduce levels of FSH and LH in serum, and increase the level of fl-EP and reduce levels of DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA in hypothalamus of naturally aged female rats. Water extract of mulberry exhibited higher effects than 50% eth- anol extract and 95% ethanol extract. [ Conclusion] Mulberry could significantly improve the function of hypothalamic peptide neurotransmitter in naturally aged rats, correct disorders of hypothalamic monoamine neurotransmitter, and treat perimenopausal syndrome by regulating reproductive endocrine function, which might be related with its water-soluble components and require further investigation and development.

The Tragedy on Females in V.S.Naipaul’s Miguel Street

The tragic features of V.S.Naipaul’s short story collection Miguel Street are more typical in the female characters.This paper attempts to analyze the typical female tragic characters in the book.Starting from their stories and experiences,it deeply explores the survival pressure and challenges faced by females on the post-colonial land under the influence of colonial rule.Through in-depth analysis of typical female tragedies,the author tries to provide more possibilities for the survival of post-colonial females,and further illustrates that the tragedy of post-colonial females is caused by marginal males and imperial colonial hegemony in Miguel Street.

Effect of Stimulation of Shenshu Point on the Aging Process of Genital System in Aged Female Rats and the Role of Monoamine Neurotransmitters

In this experiment, among some aged female rats aged over 18 months, and young female rats aged 3 months whose central noradrenergic nerve endings were injured by ventricular injection of 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA), it was observed that catgut embedding at bilateral Shenshu (UB 23) points could obviously shorten sexual cycles, increase the frequency of sexual cycle, and slow down the aging process of the genital system in both the aged rats and in the rats with injured noradrenergic endings. After electroacupuncture (EA) at Shenshu (UB 23) points in the aged rats, the frequency of neuronal discharges in locus coeruleus (LC) was elevated and the activating rate of LC to neurons in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of the hypothalamus was increased, while obvious effect on nucleus raphes magnus (NRM) and the effect of NRM on MPOA were not marked. It is suggested that stimulation of Shenshu (UB 23) point can strengthen the excitability of noradrenergic neurons, activate the ascending pathway of the brain stem - hypothalamus, raise the catecholamine (CA)/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ratio in the hypothalamus of the aged rats, so as to delay the aging process of the genital system.

Female Figures in Tragedy—The Comparison of Female Figures in Shakespeare's Macbeth and Polanski's Film Version of Macbeth

莎士比亚的戏剧作品自问世以来就一直受到人们的极大追捧,《麦克白》作为四大悲剧之一,更是被不断地被演绎、研究。波兰斯基的电影《麦克白》重新展现了莎翁的名作,他在保留原作精华的同时,将自己对《麦克白》中女性人物的理解更深刻地表现出来了。本文拟通过麦克白夫人和女巫,来分析莎士比亚对剧本中女性人物的刻画,再将波兰斯基的影片与之对比,并结合波兰斯基生平,对其创作意图试做猜想。

Safety and immunogenicity of human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in healthy Chinese females aged 15 to 45 years:a phase Ⅰ trial

Globally,about 70% of cervical cancers are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 or HPV-18 infection.A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies in China showed that HPV was present in 98% of cervical cancer samples.The HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine Cervarix has shown a high level of protection against HPV-16/18 infections and associated cervical lesions.This phase Ⅰ trial (NCT00549900) assessed the safety,tolerability,and immunogenicity of the vaccine in Chinese.Thirty healthy Chinese females,aged 15 to 45 years with a median age of 29.5 years,received three doses of Cervarix in Months 0,1,and 6.Safety was assessed via recording solicited local and systemic symptoms within 7 days and unsolicited symptoms within 30 days after each vaccination.Serious adverse events,new onset of chronic diseases,and other medically significant conditions were recorded throughout this trial.As an exploratory objective,HPV-16/18 antibody titers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples collected in Months 0 and 7.Pain at the injection site was the most frequently reported local symptom.Two subjects reported medically significant adverse events.Both cases were assessed as unrelated to vaccination by the investigator.In Month 7,100% seroconversion was observed for both anti-HPV-16 and anti-HPV-18 with high geometric mean antibody titers.HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine,evaluated for the first time in Chinese females,was generally well tolerated and immunogenic,as previously shown in global studies.

Generation of mitochondrial replacement monkeys by female pronucleus transfer

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)are maternally inherited and have the potential to cause severe disorders.Mitochondrial replacement therapies,including spindle,polar body,and pronuclear transfers,are promising strategies for preventing the hereditary transmission of mtDNA diseases.While pronuclear transfer has been used to generate mitochondrial replacement mouse models and human embryos,its application in non-human primates has not been previously reported.In this study,we successfully generated four healthy cynomolgus monkeys(Macaca fascicularis)via female pronuclear transfer.These individuals all survived for more than two years and exhibited minimal mtDNA carryover(3.8%–6.7%),as well as relatively stable mtDNA heteroplasmy dynamics during development.The successful establishment of this nonhuman primate model highlights the considerable potential of pronuclear transfer in reducing the risk of inherited mtDNA diseases and provides a valuable preclinical research model for advancing mitochondrial replacement therapies in humans.

One Hundred and Seven Middle-Aged and Senile Cases of Coronary Heart Disease with Ventricular Premature Beat Treated by Qing Xin An Shen Fang

The therapeutic principle of clearing away the heart-heat to induce tranquilization was adopted in 107 middle-aged and senile patients with ventricular premature beat of coronary heart disease on the basis of pathogenic features of phlegm, heat, blood stasis and deficiency in this condition. Qing Xin An Shen Fang ([symbol: see text] a formula for clearing away the heart-heat to induce tranquilization) was used in the treatment group and compared with mexiletine and Fu Fang Dan Shen Tablets ([symbol: see text] Compound Salvia Tablets) used in the control group. The results turned to be that the markedly effective rate was 85.1% and the total effective rate 96.3% in the treated group, better than that in the control group, with the former having a good antihypertensive and antihyperlipemic effect and an effect of improving microcirculation and clinical symptoms.

Bone marrow edema in a postpartum female following ankle sprain: a case report

Bone marrow edema(BME)is characterized by an accumulation of interstitial fluid within the bone marrow,the cancellous,hematopoietic compartment within bones.[1]BME is divided into two principal categories:idiopathic or primary BME,with an unknown etiology,and secondary BME,which occurs as a result of an identifiable underlying pathology.[2]Although the prevalence of BME is not limited to specific demographic parameters,it shows a predilection for males or individuals assigned male at birth,predominantly aged between the ages of 30 and 60 years,especially in cases of bone marrow edema syndrome(BMES),a rare idiopathic variant.[3]The etiological spectrum of BME is diverse,including oncological entities(such as acute myeloid leukemia and osteosarcoma),degenerative diseases(such as osteoarthritis),infectious processes(osteomyelitis),ischemic conditions(avascular necrosis),metabolic dysfunctions(osteoporosis),inflammatory disorders(rheumatoid arthritis),and traumatic injuries(such as stress fractures).[1,2]Clinically,BME primarily manifests as localized pain,often accompanied by joint effusion and warmth near the affected joint.Diagnostic protocols typically include physical examination,serological assays,bone marrow biopsies,dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA)scans,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and ultrasonography,with computed tomography(CT)scans and radiographs being less effective.

Understanding female urinary continence-lessons from complications of female urethral surgery

Dear Editor,We share our experience of two significant complications associated with female urethroplasty and their management in understanding the factors contributing to urinary continence.We have also tried to assess the different components of female urinary continence mechanism and the ways to combat the postoperative urinary continence while performing female urethral surgeries(Fig.1).Informed consent was taken from each of the patients before their evaluation and management.They were explained properly and informed consents were taken from them before the publication of this article.

Mouse KL2 is a unique MTSE involved in chromosome-based spindle organization and regulated by multiple kinases during female meiosis

Microtubule-severing enzymes(MTSEs)play important roles in mitosis and meiosis of the primitive organisms.However,their roles in mammalian female meiosis,which accounts for over 80%of gamete-originated human reproductive diseases,remain unexplored.In the current study,we reported that katanin-like 2(KL2)was the only MTSE concentrating at chromosomes.Furthermore,the knockdown of KL2 significantly reduced the chromosome-based increase in the microtubule(MT)polymer,increased aberrant kinetochore-MT(K-MT)attachment,delayed meiosis,and severely affected normal fertility.We demonstrated that the inhibition of aurora B,a key kinase for correcting aberrant K-MT attachment,significantly eliminated KL2 expression from chromosomes.Additionally,KL2 interacted with phosphorylated eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase,and they competed for chromosome binding.Phosphorylated KL2 was also localized at spindle poles,with its phosphorylation regulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2.In summary,the current study reveals a novel function of MTSEs in mammalian female meiosis and demonstrates that multiple kinases coordinate to regulate the levels of KL2 at chromosomes.

Female Infertility and Obesity across the United States—A Geographic Cross-Sectional Analysis

This cross-sectional study investigates a connection between female infertility and obesity across various regions of the United States, utilizing data from the NIH’s “All of Us” Researcher Workbench. Analysis suggested that the Southern region exhibited the highest percentage of concurrently infertile and obese females at 32.3%, in contrast to the lowest in the Western region at 28.7%. The findings underscore the significant regional disparities in obesity-related infertility, particularly in medically underserved areas where healthcare access is limited. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted public health interventions, particularly in the Southern United States, to address the rising prevalence of obesity and its impact on infertility. Further, these results advocate for enhanced public health education and policies aimed at improving healthcare accessibility, with the goal of mitigating the adverse effects of obesity on reproductive health.

Gut microbiota and female health

The gut microbiota is recognized as an endocrine organ with the capacity to influence distant organs and associated biological pathways.Recent advan-cements underscore the critical role of gut microbial homeostasis in female health;with dysbiosis potentially leading to diseases among women such as polycystic ovarian syndrome,endometriosis,breast cancer,cervical cancer,and ovarian cancer etc.Despite this,there has been limited discussion on the underlying mechanisms.This editorial explores the three potential mechanisms through which gut microbiota dysbiosis may impact the development of diseases among women,namely,the immune system,the gut microbiota-estrogen axis,and the metabolite pathway.We focused on approaches for treating diseases in women by addressing gut microbiota imbalances through probiotics,prebiotics supple-mentation,and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT).Future studies should focus on determining the molecular mechanisms underlying associations between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and female diseases to realize precision medicine,with FMT emerging as a promising intervention.

Robot-assisted radical cystectomy with neobladder diversion in females:Safety profile and functional outcomes

Objective Radical cystectomy(RC)is a standard treatment for localized muscle invasive bladder cancer and high-risk or very high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer not responding to adequate endovesical therapy.In women,traditionally RC is performed with hystero-adnexectomy and resection of the anterior vaginal wall,often resulting in sexual disorders.Vaginal-sparing techniques have been developed to improve functional outcomes.The present study explores the safety and the functional outcome of vaginal-sparing techniques.Methods We retrospectively analyzed all consecutive female patients undergoing robot-assisted RC(RARC)with neobladder diversion between October 2017 and February 2022.The indications for vaginal-sparing RC were absence of tumor on bladder neck or urethra and no sign of infiltration of posterior bladder wall at the preoperative MRI.Functional results were evaluated with the aid of five questions out of the Bladder Cancer Index questionnaire.Complications were reported according to the Clavien–Dindo classification and cancer control was evaluated by recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival.Results A total of 22 female patients underwent RARC with neobladder diversion.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given in 17(77%)cases.Clavien–Dindo grades III–IV complications occurred in four(18%)cases.After a mean follow-up of 29(interquartile range 16–44)months,six(27.3%)patients developed distant metastases,and one(4.5%)woman loco-regional relapse.Sexual-sparing surgery was performed in 19(86%)patients,and in the others the anterior vaginal wall was resected,but neobladder was still performed.During daytime,no patients reported total incontinence and 73%(11/15)reported total continence or only occasional leaks.Sexual results showed that seven of 15(47%)women regained sexual activity after surgery,with a quality reported as“good”or“very good”in 40%of all 19 cases.Conclusion RARC in female with anterior vaginal wall preservation is feasible.The approach showed a good safety profile,with satisfying results on continence and sexual activity.Sexual-sparing approaches should be carried out after correct patient selection.

Examining the Types and Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation in Somalia: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Burden and Impact of Acute and Long-Term Complications

Background: In Africa, female genital mutilation (FGM) is a widespread and harmful practice, with Somalia having the highest incidence at 98%. This practice has severe and long-lasting physical and mental health consequences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the different types of FGM;immediate and long-term complications associated with the practice, and identify factors related to its prevalence. Method: In a one-year cross-sectional hospital-based study, data were collected from females aged 18 - 50 with a history of FGM. Face-to-face semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, utilizing univariate and bivariate analyses to identify correlations between variables, which were presented in tables. Results: In a study involving 255 female participants, 65.5% were between 18 and 30 years old. The majority (82.7%) were married, while 47.1% were illiterate. FGM cases were more prevalent in rural areas (61.6%). Among the participants, 45.1% were employed. Type 3 FGM was the most common (44.3%), followed by Type 2 (32.2%) and Type 1 (23.9%). In terms of short-term complications experienced by circumcised women, the most common were bleeding, reported by 29.8% of participants, followed by infection (25.1%), and urinary retention (19.2%). Among the long-term complications observed, recurrent vaginal infections were the most prevalent, affecting 29.8% of the surveyed females. This was episiotomy during delivery (22.3%) and genital scarring (10.2%). Conclusion: The study reveals that Type 3 FGM is highly prevalent among the surveyed females, contributing to an increased risk of recurrent vaginal infections, prolonged second stage of labor, higher likelihood of episiotomy during delivery, and genital scarring. These findings emphasize the urgent need for effective preventive strategies and implementation from both international and local organizations to eliminate the harmful practice of FGM.

Morphological characteristics,developmental dynamics,and gene temporal expressions across various development stages of Aphis gossypii sexual female

Background Aphis gossypii(Hemiptera:Aphididae)is a worldwide polyphagous phloem-feeding agricultural pest,and it can produce offspring by sexual or asexual reproduction.Compared with dozens of generations by parthenogenesis,sexual reproduction is performed in only one generation within one year,and little is known about the sexual reproduction of A.gossypii.In this study,sexual females of A.gossypii were successfully obtained through a previously established induction platform,and the morphological characteristics,developmental dynamics,and temporal gene expression were examined.Subsequently,signaling pathways potentially involved in regulating the growth,development,and reproduction of sexual females were investigated.Results The morphological observation showed that from the 1st instar nymph to adult,sexual females exhibited a gradually deepened body color,an enlarged body size,longer antennae with a blackened end,and obviously protruding cauda(in adulthood).The anatomy found that the ovaries of sexual females developed rapidly from the 2^(nd)instar nymph,and the embedded oocytes matured in adulthood.In addition,time-course transcriptome analysis revealed that gene expression profiles across the development of sexual females fell into 9 clusters with distinct patterns,in which gene expression levels in clusters 1,5,and 8 peaked at the 2^(nd)instar nymphal stage with the largest number of up-regulated genes,suggesting that the 2^(nd)instar nymph was an important ovary development period.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis revealed that a large number of genes in the sexual female adult were enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway and Forkhead box O(FoxO)signaling pathway,highlighting their important role in sexual female adult development and reproduction.Conclusion The morphological changes of the sexual female at each developmental stage were revealed for the first time.In addition,time-course transcriptomic analyses suggest genes enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway probably contribute to regulating the development and oocyte maturation of sexual females.Overall,these findings will facilitate the regulating mechanism research in the growth and development of sexual females by providing candidate genes.

Dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture:Techniques and outcomes

ObjectiveFemale urethral stricture (FUS) accounts for about 4%–13% of cases of female bladder outlet obstruction. FUS was and is still managed by repeated dilatations and/or direct visual internal urethrotomy. There are many alternative options for reconstruction like buccal or vaginal mucosal graft urethroplasty. Our aim was to describe the technique of dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft (BMG) urethroplasty for FUS and present the outcomes.MethodsBetween January 2014 and December 2021, 37 patients who underwent dorsal onlay BMG urethroplasty were included in the study. Their pre-operative diagnosis was confirmed with uroflowmetry, micturating cystourethrogram, urethral calibration, and on table cystoscopy. Bladder catheter was removed after 2 weeks. Patients were followed up at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and then annually with urine analysis, uroflowmetry, and post-void residual assessment. We defined success as a maximum flow rate (Q_(max)) above 15 mL/s without the need for an additional instrumentation.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 47.8 (standard deviation [SD] 11.3) years. Twenty patients had previously undergone urethral dilatations. The mean pre-operative Q_(max) was 7.79 (SD 3.73) mL/s. However, the mean Q_(max) improved to 23.20 (SD 8.25) mL/s after surgery. The mean post-void residual urine after surgery was 30.50 (SD 10.70) mL. This reduced from a mean value of 139.00 (SD 147.24) mL before surgery. The mean follow-up was 30.2 (SD 18.3, range 18–44) months. There was no post-operative incontinence. There were Clavien–Dindo Grade 1 complications in 6 out of 37 (16.2 %) patients during hospital stay. The only long-term complication was recurrence of stricture in 4 (10.8%) patients.ConclusionDorsal onlay BMG urethroplasty in females is a safe, effective technique which can avoid repeated painful dilatations and multiple urethrotomies. One should always consider reconstruction in FUS without any fear of incontinence.