Preconception Care Health Education for Female Workers of Reproductive Age in Japan Evaluation up to 6 Months after the Program

Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement a health education program for education of preconception care (PCC) for female workers of reproductive age through a seminar and to evaluate the program based on PCC knowledge and awareness and behaviors before the seminar and at 3 and 6 months after the seminar. Methods: A small group health education seminar was implemented using leaflets for 84 female workers of reproductive age, age 20 to 35 years old, and an intervention by group discussion and feedback was provided. Of these participants, 60 (71%) who provided valid survey responses were included in the analysis. The primary outcome indicators were PCC knowledge, PCC awareness and behaviors, and a food frequency questionnaire, and the secondary outcome indicators were self-efficacy and the health awareness and stress management subscales of the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Profile scale. The survey was conducted three times, before the seminar and at 3 and 6 months after the seminar, and the results were compared. Results: The percentage of individuals with PCC knowledge was significantly increased at 3 months after the seminar as compared with before the seminar, and it remained at this level even at 6 months after the seminar. The percentage of individuals with PCC awareness and behaviors was significantly increased for the items actively eat foods containing folic acid, prevent sexually transmitted diseases, and conduct self-examinations for breast cancer at 3 months after the seminar and for the items eat well-balanced meals, make the mind active, prevent sexually transmitted diseases, and conduct self-examinations for breast cancer at 6 months after the seminar. Furthermore, the score for the health awareness subscale of the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Profile scale was significantly increased at 6 months after the seminar. Conclusion: The health education program established PCC knowledge at 6 months after the seminar and improved some PCC awareness and behaviors. Therefore, it was suggested that the program would be effective for education of PCC for female workers of reproductive age.

Reproductive Health Service Utilization and Social Determinants among Married Female Rural-to-urban Migrants in Two Metropolises,China

Reproductive health（RH） education and services of female migrants in China have become an important health issue.This research aimed to investigate the RH knowledge and utilization among married female migrants,and to explore the influencing factors from the perspectives of population and sociology.We conducted a cross-section survey in Shenzhen and Wuhan,China,using the purposive sampling method.A total of 1021 rural-to-urban married migrants were recruited,with 997 valid survey results obtained.A face-to-face structured questionnaire survey was used,with primary focus on knowledge of fertility,contraception,family planning policy and sexual transmitted diseases/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（STD/AIDs）,and RH service utilization.The results showed that the RH service utilization（38.0%） was at a low level in married migrants and the accessibility of RH service was poor.Females who migrated to（OR=0.32） Wuhan obtained fewer RH consultations than those in Shenzhen.The workers with high school education received additional RH consultations and checkup services than those with other background education,apart from the white collar workers who received extra RH consultations and checkup services than the blue collar workers（P〈0.05）.We can draw a conclusion that the utilization of RH services in married female migrants remains at a low level in China.RH service utilization can be improved via the relevant health departments by enhancing the responsibility of maternal and health care in the community health service center.

Microbiome in Female Reproductive Health:Implications for Fertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies

The microbiome plays a critical role in the process of conception and the outcomes of pregnancy.Disruptions in microbiome homeostasis in women of reproductive age can lead to various pregnancy complications,which significantly impact maternal and fetal health.Recent studies have associated the microbiome in the female reproductive tract(FRT)with assisted reproductive technology(ART)outcomes,and restoring microbiome balance has been shown to improve fertility in infertile couples.This review provides an overview of the role of the microbiome in female reproductive health,including its implications for pregnancy outcomes and ARTs.Additionally,recent advances in the use of microbial biomarkers as indicators of pregnancy disorders are summarized.A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the microbiome before and during pregnancy and its impact on reproductive health will greatly promote maternal and fetal health.Such knowledge can also contribute to the development of ARTs and microbiome-based interventions.

Reproductive health in Southeast Asian women:current situation and the influence factors

Background:The reproductive health addresses the reproductive processes,functions and system at all stages of life.Enhancing the level of global reproductive health is the goal of sustained attention and struggle by the international community.The social and economic development in Southeast Asia is lagging behind,and its female reproductive health is worrying,while the differences of female reproductive health among different regions are significant.Objective:To obtains the necessity and urgency of strengthening the reproductive health level of Southeast Asian countries,so as to provide the basis for the priorities and target to policy-makers and health administrators to improve reproductive health.Methods:Literature review were searched in PubMed,Web of Science databases,Google scholar database,and WHO's webpages.Maternal mortality ratio,contraceptive rates,unmet need for family planning,antenatal and postnatal care coverage,and sexually transmitted disease were the five key indicators and the influence factors for female reproductive health status in Southeast Asian countries.Results:The reproductive health of Southeast Asian women were still at a lower level overall and varied in different regions and conntries.Women's education and attitude,accessibility of service,socioeconomic and cultural factors,etc.were the potential influencing factors.Conclusion:There is left quite large space for improvement to the reproductive health in Southeast Asian countries and efficient interventions can be achieved for the key and easier-improved risk factors such as education and in high-risk areas.

A New Page for Women's Reproductive Health in Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

The integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) of obstetrics and gynecology (OBS/GYN) emerged eventually with more than 40 years’ hard struggle, and one of the most promising articles is the integration of the masterpieces of menstrual disorder and infertility in TCM and the virtual explosion of new knowledge and methods in

Youth’s Perspectives on a Sustainable Model for the Provision of Youth Friendly Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Kenya: A Quantitative Approach

Nearly half of the world’s population comprise youths. However, addressing their Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) remains a challenge. Globally countries are mandated to continually provide Youth Friendly Sexual and Reproductive Health services (YFSRHs) to the youth. The objective of this study was to assess and describe youth’s perspectives on a sustainable model for the provision of YFSRHs in Kenya. Data was collected among 400 youths aged 18 - 24 years in Embu and Kirinyaga counties, Kenya. A structured questionnaire was utilized as the data collection tool. Collected data was analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.4. Statistical threshold of P ≤ 0.05 was used. Overall the mean age of the study participants was ±standard deviation (SD) 21.2 ± 1.86 years. Majority of the participants’ perspective on the health care system sustainability was that the waiting time at the facility should be less than an hour, accessible geographically (less than a kilometre), affordable (≤20 Ksh.), and convenient working hours (weekday and weekends ratio 1:1). Advocacy was on health care provider’s attributes of politeness, welcoming, confidential and non-judgmental. The most preferred locations for the youth friendly centres by the participants were community and school based locations. Similarly, parental and community support was reported to highly contribute to sustained utilization and provision of the YFSRHs (P < 0.001). Unlike popular belief, 99.8% did not see the need for recreational facilities at the youth centres to ensure sustainability of the model. To ensure a sustainable model for the provision of YFSRHs, there is need for a multi-sectoral and stakeholder involvement that is;youth, health care system structure, health care service providers, parents and community. Further research is needed on parents and health care service provider’s perspectives on how to sustain the provision of YFSRH services.

Impact of community strategy package on uptake of reproductive tract infections health services among young street females in the municipality of Eldoret,Kenya

Background:Despite the intervention of free medical care services for street children by a dedicated clinic in Eldoret municipality,health care service of young street females(YSFs)is still deficient.The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the community strategy package on the uptake of reproductive tract infections(RTI)health services among the target population.Materials and methods:A pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental with a qualitative and quantitative approach was applied among the YSFs aged 10-24 years.The study used structured questionnaires and key informant interviews to collect data from the respondents.Results:The study enrolled a total of 77 young street females in Eldoret municipality.A significantly higher proportion of respondents reportedly first sought treatment for RTI at a health facility after the implementation of the community strategy package(97.1%)when compared to the proportion of respondents who first sought treatment at a health facility in the pre-intervention phase(51.0%)(p<0.001).Early seeking of treatment improved significantly after the introduction of the intervention;72.0%and 94.1%of the respondents sought treatment early during the pre-intervention and post-intervention phase,respectively(p<0.011).Conclusion:The study recommends the adoption of the community strategy as an intervention to increase the uptake of RTIs health services and promotion of the reproductive health of young street females.

Knowledge of Female Prisoners in a City of Ceará, Brazil, about Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Exploratory study was conducted in the Crato Public Prison, State of Ceará, Brazil, aiming to understand the knowledge and experiences related to the preventive aspects of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) in the prison context. The target population of the study consisted of 14 female inmates, 10 of whom agreed to participate. Data collection occurred in June 2012 through recorded semi-structured individual interviews. We investigated quantitative, socio-demographic and sexual variables. In qualitative data analysis, we applied the Meaning Interpretation Method. The female vulnerability was aggravated by the early onset of sexual activity, lack of knowledge about STDs, non-adoption of preventive measures and history of prostitution. The following categories emerged from the qualitative assessment: Knowledge about STD/AIDS versus Personal Experience;Use of contraception as STD/AIDS prevention within the Public Jail;Habits of inmates: alcohol and tobacco;and Characterization of the conjugal visit area.

Effects of Cow’s Milk on Reproduction in ICR Male Mice

Objective To study the effects of Cow＇s milk on the reproduction in male mice. Methods Twenty-four male mice were divided randomly into two groups： milk group （M） and control group （C）. Each mouse was given 10 mL milk per day from 4 to 16 weeks in the group M. At the age of 17 weeks, all the mice were sacrificed. Results Serum testosterone was decreased in the group M （P=0.037）. No significant difference was found in weight of testes, seminal vesicle or adrenal gland of mice between the groups C and M. However, the weight of seminal vesicle decreased when expressed in g/100 g body weight in the group M. Epididymal sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and sperm head number were not affected by milk. Conclusion Cow＇s milk has adverse effects on the reproductive system in ICR male mice. Further studies are needed to clarify the specific effects of milk on reproductive health.

Iodine deficiency and women’s health: Colonialism’s malign effect on health in Oromia region, in Ethiopia

Objectives: Iodine is an essential nutrient needed for the synthesis of hormone thyroxin. Hormone thyroxin is involved in the metabolism of several nutrients, the regulation of enzymes and differentiation of cells, tissues and organs. Iodine deficiency (ID) impairs the development of the brain and nervous system. It affects cognitive capacity, educability, productivity and child mortality. ID hinders physical strength and causes reproductive failure. The objective of this paper is to explore if the health impacts of ID are more common and severe among women. Design: Using primary data (notes from a visit) and secondary data, this paper examines if the effects of ID are more common and severe among Oromo women inEthiopia. Findings: The health impacts of ID are more common and severe among women. Conclusions: ID is an easily preventable nutritional problem. In Oromia, the persistence of ID is explained by the Ethiopian government’s colonial social policies. Preventing ID should be seen as part of the efforts we make to enhance capacity building, promote health, gender equity and social justice. Implications: Iodine deficiency has a wide range of biological, social, economic and cultural impacts. Preventing ID can be instrumental in bringing about gender equity and building the capacity of people.

未婚先孕人工流产患者生殖健康认知调查及其影响因素探讨

目的调查未婚先孕人工流产患者生殖健康认知水平,并探讨其影响因素。方法采取简单随机抽样法选取2021年1月至2022年12月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院行人工流产的360例未婚女性患者作为研究对象,比较不同类型未婚先孕人工流产患者的生殖健康认知得分,并采用多元线性回归分析法分析影响生殖健康认知的因素。结果问卷有效回收率为98.33%(354/360),患者生殖健康认知调查问卷得分为10~47分,平均(33.80±5.41)分。未婚先孕人工流产患者生殖健康认知得分在不同年龄、不同户籍地、不同类型父母关系、不同文化程度、不同职业间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、户籍地、父母关系、文化程度在初中及以下和高中或中专、职业为待业人员和工人/个体均是影响未婚先孕人工流产患者生殖健康认知水平的因素(P<0.05)。结论未婚先孕人工流产患者生殖健康认知水平较低,年龄、户籍地、父母关系、文化程度、职业均是影响未婚先孕人工流产患者生殖健康认知水平的因素。

Health service needs of women with reproductive tract infections in selected areas of China

OBJECTIVE: To provide insight into the psychosocial factors underlying the utilisation of health services by women with reproductive tract infection (RTI) symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, adopting Aday and Andersen' s Social Behaviour Model, was conducted between 1998 and 1999 in Chinese Hebei province and Beijing. A total of 864 eligible married women (age 21 to 60 years) were face to face interviewed. RESULTS: The percentage of self-reported symptoms of RTIs in urban and rural women was 35.6 and 46.8, respectively; the proportion of women with RTIs who utilised health services was 27.5% and 26.7%, respectively. Compared to urban women, rural women had less knowledge on RTIs and more traditional beliefs, and were more satisfied with local health services. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the common factor influencing health service utilisation in women with RTIs was current experience of RTIs. Knowledge about self-medication, perceived social stigma attached to RTIs, prior experience of RTIs, family income and perceived severity of RTIs were also predictors of utilisation of health services in rural women with RTIs. Satisfaction with health providers, information received from health providers, prior experience of RTIs, occupation and medical care coverage were predictors of utilisation of health services in urban women with RTIs. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of RTIs is high, but the rate of seeking health services is low. There is a great need for emphasizing culturally acceptable reproductive health education in different places to improve women' s ability for self-care. Regular medical check-ups for women are also important. It is necessary to improve the quality of health service, complete the reform of health insurance and alleviate women' s social stigma related to RTIs, giving women social and moral support.

慢性子宫内膜炎的研究进展

慢性子宫内膜炎(CE)是育龄期女性常见病之一,属于盆腔炎性疾病,为一种持续的子宫内膜局部炎症状态。临床上CE常表现为无症状或临床症状不典型,因此常常被妇产科医生忽视。近年来,CE的患病率呈逐年增高趋势,目前已成为临床上导致女性不明原因不孕、反复着床失败及流产的重要原因,同时也是影响辅助生殖助孕结局的重要因素。安全有效、无创伤的诊断及治疗方法受到越来越多的关注。本文针对CE的病因、最新诊断方法及多维度治疗模式进行全方面综合性阐述,为CE的诊疗提供新的思路。

维生素D缺乏对育龄期女性健康的影响

维生素D是一种脂溶性维生素,主要功能是促进小肠黏膜细胞对钙和磷的吸收,提高血钙和血磷的浓度,有利于新骨生成和钙化。此外,维生素D还有促进皮肤细胞生长、分化及调节免疫功能的作用。近年来,维生素D与内分泌系统之间的关系日益受到关注,尤其在女性生殖健康方面。维生素D缺乏可导致诸多不良妊娠结局,并增加多囊卵巢综合征及子宫内膜异位症的发生风险。孕妇维生素D缺乏亦可能增加妊娠期糖尿病及子痫前期的发生风险。妊娠期补充维生素D可降低不良妊娠结局的发生风险,预防子痫前期,并有望改善妊娠期糖尿病的病情。维生素D与多种女性生殖系统疾病密切相关,在调节女性生殖健康方面发挥重要作用。

性病门诊女性STD病人现患与行为特征调查

目的 了解性病门诊女性STD病人现患及行为特征 ,为防制性病 ,保护女性生殖健康提供依据。 方法 对性病门诊STD女性患者进行诊治 ,对确诊并接受治疗者采用一对一访谈的方法 ,了解并收集其社会—人口学特征及行为特征。 结果 2 16例性病门诊女性STD病人 2 0～ 3 5岁人群占 86 5 8% ,其中未婚者 ,占 3 7 96% ;该人群有较早的性生活史及活跃的性行为 ,较少使用避孕套 ;感染来源主要为商业性行为 ,其次为配偶 ;对所患性病最为担扰的依次为难治愈、花费大和影响生育。 结论 性病门诊女性病人为是性病传播的高危人群 ,治疗性病现患和提供性病防治及生殖健康教育是防制性病的重要途径。

高职助产专业线上教学模式探究与实践

目的探讨高职助产专业线上教学模式的教学效果。方法选取2022年9—12月运城护理职业学院高职助产专业的60名学生作为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为实践组与对照组,每组各30例。对照组采用传统教学方法,实践组在传统教学方法基础上实施线上教学模式。比较两组期末考试成绩,操作技能、应急能力、观察能力评分,教学方法满意评分以及教学效果。结果实践组理论、病例分析成绩以及总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实践组操作技能、应急能力、观察能力评分以及总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实践组教学方法满意评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实践组知识内、外化效果评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高职助产专业线上教学模式能够显著提高学生的学习成绩、操作技能、应急能力、观察能力,具有较高的教学满意度。

Female genital schistosomiasis,human papilloma virus infection,and cervical cancer in rural Madagascar:a cross sectional study

Background Women’s health in resource-limited settings can benefit from the integrated management of high-burden diseases,such as female genital schistosomiasis(FGS)and human papilloma virus(HPV)-related cervical cancer.In schistosomiasis-endemic countries such as Madagascar,data on FGS and HPV prevalence are lacking as well as preventive measures for both conditions.This study aims to estimate the prevalence of FGS and HPV in rural Madagascar,and to examine associated risk factors to identify opportunities for improving women’s health.Methods After initial community outreach activities,interested women aged 18-49 years were recruited consecutively in 2021 at three primary health care centers in the district of Marovoay.FGS was detected by colposcopy.Colposcopy images were double-blind reviewed by two independent specialists.A Luminex bead-based assay was performed on cervical vaginal lavage specimens for HPV typing.Crude(CPR)and adjusted prevalence ratios(APR)of associations between selected factors and FGS and HPV positivity were estimated using univariable and multivariable binary Poisson regression with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Results Among 500 women enrolled,302 had complete information on FGS and HPV diagnosis,and were thus eligible for analysis.Within the sample,189(62.6%,95%CI:56.9-68.1)cases of FGS were detected.A total of 129 women(42.7%,95%CI:37.1-48.5)tested positive for HPV.In total,80 women(26.5%,95%CI:21.6-31.8)tested positive for both conditions.No association was observed between FGS and HPV positivity,while previous pregnancy(APR=0.65,95%CI:0.43-0.78)and older age(APR=0.59,95%CI:0.42-0.81)are showing a negative association with HPV infection compared to no previous pregnancy and younger age groups.Conclusions The results of the study show that FGS and HPV are highly prevalent in rural Madagascar.The concurrent prevalence of these two conditions requires urgent adaptations of public health strategies to improve women’s health,such as integrated services at primary level of care.

慢性子宫内膜炎对女性生殖健康影响的研究进展

慢性子宫内膜炎(CE)在育龄女性中发病率较高,临床症状不显著且诊断标准并不一致,经常会被临床医师忽略。子宫内膜微生物感染是导致慢性子宫内膜炎的主要病因,不同患者其宫内微生物感染种类也不一样。宫内微生物不仅会引起炎症反应,同时还会影响胚胎植入,不利于维持妊娠,从而导致一系列与妊娠有关的疾病。本文主要从女性生殖健康的角度对CE的概念、诊断、流行病学、危险因素、病因以及CE对生殖的影响、生殖相关CE的诊断和治疗进行综述,为CE的防治提供参考。

Comparison of Sexual Function in Primiparous Women Pre-Pregnancy and Postpartum: Difference of the Sexual Function after the Normal Vaginal Delivery and the Cesarean Section

Introduction: Sexual function is undoubtedly an important dimension of adult life. Due to all the conflicting results with regard to sexual function after the normal vaginal delivery (NVD) or the Cesarean Section (CS), in the present study, we aimed to compare the sexual function in women pre-pregnancy and postpartum and also after the NVD and CS. Materials and Methods: In this cohort study, two groups of healthy women, with antenatal normal pregnancies, who underwent NVD (n = 90) and CS (n = 113), were prospectively studied. The sexual function of the participants was assessed through a Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire in two stages: once before pregnancy and then within 3 to 6 months after delivery, which lasted from June 2011 to September 2012. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and T Test. Results: Based on the data gathered from 206 women who completed the FSFI questionnaire in two stages, the mean (±SD) self-reported timing of the resumption of sexual activity was 8.9 ± 1.3. There was no significant statistical difference found between the two groups by timing of the resumption of sexual activity in NVD and CS groups. There was also no statistically significant difference found in the overall sexual function scores between the two groups (NVD vs. CS). The average score for female sexual function in desire, arousal, orgasm, and satisfaction within 3 to 6 months after delivery was significantly lower than that of their pre-pregnancy period (p < 0.004). The mean coitus in postpartum period was 1.84 ± 1.20 per week. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, there was no significant relationship between the mode of delivery and changes in sexual function. Therefore, it can be claimed that CS is not preferred to NVD with regard to preserving normal sexual functioning.