Treatment of a femoral neck fracture combined with ipsilateral femoral head and intertrochanteric fractures: A case report

BACKGROUND This article presents a rare case of a complex hip fracture involving the ipsilateral femoral neck,trochanter,and femoral head,that was accompanied by hip dislocation.Currently,there is no established standard treatment method for this specific type of fracture.Therefore,it is crucial to comprehensively consider factors such as patient age,fracture type,and degree of displacement to achieve a successful outcome.CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old man sustained a comminuted fracture of his right hip as a result of a car accident.The injuries included a fracture of the femoral head,a fracture of the femoral neck,an intertrochanteric fracture of the femur,and a posterior dislocation of the hip on the same side.We opted for a treatment approach combining the use of a proximal femoral locking plate,cannulated screws,and Kirschner wires.Following the surgery,we developed an individualized rehabil-itation program to restore patient limb function.CONCLUSION For this complex fracture,we selected appropriate internal fixation and for-mulated individualized rehabilitation,which ultimately achieved good results.

Efficacy of the femoral neck system in femoral neck fracture treatment in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Controversy remains around the available choices for the internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture.The femoral neck system(FNS)was developed in 2018 and has been widely applied since then as it can provide rigid fixation stability with less damage to the bone mass around the fracture.However,no systematic reviews and meta-analyses have investigated the efficacy of the FNS in comparison with that of traditional internal fixation in the treatment of femoral fractures.AIM To assess the efficacy of the FNS in comparison with that of cannulated compression screws(CCS)in the treatment of femoral fractures through systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS Five electronic databases(PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Wanfang)were searched from the earliest publication date to December 31,2021.Reference Citation Analysis(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/)was used to check the results and further analyze the related articles.Controlled trials were included if the FNS was applied for the femoral neck fracture in adults and if it was compared with CCS for the achievement of internal fixation.The measurement outcomes included the required operation time,observed patient’s blood loss,extent of fracture healing,patient’s Harris Hip score(HHS)at the last follow-up,and records of any complications(such as failure of internal fixation,femoral neck shortness,avascular necrosis of the femoral head,and delayed union or nonunion).RESULTS Ten retrospective controlled studies(involving 711 participants)were included in this metaanalysis.The meta-analysis showed that compared with CCS,use of the FNS could not decrease the operation time[standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.38,95%confidence interval(CI):-0.98 to 0.22,P=0.21,I2=93%),but it could increase the intraoperative blood loss(SMD:0.59,95%CI:0.15 to 1.03,P=0.009,I2=81%).The pooled results also showed that compared with CCS,the FNS could better promote fracture healing(SMD:-0.97,95%CI:-1.65 to-0.30,P=0.005,I2=91%),improve the HHS at the last follow-up(SMD:0.76,95%CI:0.31 to 1.21,P=0.0009,I2=84%),and reduce the chances of developing femoral neck shortness(OR:0.29,95%CI:0.14 to 0.61,P=0.001,I2=0%)and delayed union or nonunion(OR:0.47,95%CI:0.30 to 0.73,P=0.001;I2=0%)in adult patients with femoral neck fractures.However,there was no statistically significant difference between the FNS and CCS in terms of failure of internal fixation(OR:0.49,95%CI:0.23 to 1.06,P=0.07,I2=0%)and avascular necrosis of the femoral head(OR:0.46,95%CI:0.20 to 1.10,P=0.08,I2=0%).CONCLUSION Compared with CCS,the FNS could decrease the chances of developing femoral neck shortness and delayed union or nonunion in adults with femoral neck fractures.Simultaneously,it could accelerate fracture healing and improve the HHS in these patients.

Revisiting Pauwels' classification of femoral neck fractures

Pauwels’femoral neck fracture classification is based on the biomechanical principle that shear stress and varus force increase along more vertically oriented fractures,resulting in higher risk of fracture displacement and ultimately nonunion.This principle continues to guide construct selection for femoral neck fracture internal fixation and is the foundation for treating non-union with valgus osteotomy.However,with poor inter-and intra-rater reliability,dated treatment recommendations,and unreliable prognostic value,the Pauwels classification cannot be directly applied in its entirety to the management of femoral neck fractures in modern practice.

Conversion hip arthroplasty for failed nailing of intertrochanteric fracture: Reflections on some important aspects

In this editorial,I present my comments on the article by Solarino et al.Conversion hip arthroplasty,which is an optional salvage procedure performed following unsuccessful fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures in elderly pati-ents,entails more complex processes and higher rates of operative complications than primary arthroplasty.Hence,it is important to consider the appropriateness of the primary treatment choice,as well as the adequacy of nailing fixation for intertrochanteric fractures.This article briefly analyzes the possible factors contributing to the nailing failure of intertrochanteric fractures and attempts to find corresponding countermeasures to prevent fixation failures.It also analyzes the choice of treatment between nailing fixation and primary arthroplasty for intertrochanteric fractures.

Comparison of Clinical Effect of PFNA and Internal Fixation with Anatomical Locking Plate of Proximal Femur in Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

Purpose:To investigate the clinical value of proximal femoral nail antirotation and anatomical locking plate of proximal femur in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur.Methods:The study group is treated with PFNA internal fixation.The control group is treated by internal fixation with anatomical locking plate of proximal femur.Results:The time of operation,the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the time of fracture healing in the study group are significantly less than those in the control group.The incidence rate of complication in the study group(3.23%)is significantly lower than that in the control group(17.2%).Data comparison shows P<0.05.Conclusion:The curative effect and prognosis for patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur treated by PFNA internal fixation are more ideal.

Unilateral Femoral Neck Fracture after Epileptic Seizure in Young Patient: A Case Report

Femoral neck fracture occurring after an epileptic seizure is a rare and under-diagnosed injury. The majority of the reported cases in literature are old patients with osteoporosis. Younger patients present several risk factors of osteopenia and the treatment remains controversial. We present an outcome of a 23 years old patient with unilateral femoral neck fracture occurring during an epileptic seizure and we discuss the associated multiple risk factors of osteopenia and osteonecrosis of the hip. The patient was brought to the emergency department of Teaching Hospital of Kamenge (CHUK) complaining of pain in his left hip that had been progressing for one month after an epileptic seizure. There is a history of HIV infection since birth and epileptic seizures with ongoing treatments for both diseases. Despite the high risk of avascular necrosis, the treatment choice has been influenced by the patient’s age and a conservative surgery by internal fixation with Dynamic Hip Screw has been made. Unfortunately, this treatment early resulted in osteonecrosis of the hip since HIV infection itself and the highly active anti-retroviral therapy increase its risk.

Effect of canulate compression bone screws and iliac bone flap with deep iliac circumflex vessel on functional restoration of hip joint after femoral neck fracture of young people

Objective To retrospect therapeutic effects of iliac flap with deep iliac circumflex vessel with canulate compression bone screws internal fixation on femoral neck fracture of young people. Method 34 cases of femoral neck fracture had been treated with pedicle bone flap with deep iliac circumflex artery and canulate bone screws internal fixation. Result By follow up for 1 to 1.5 years, 32 cases were healing by first intention, and patients obtained satisfactory joint function. Conclusion Femoral neck fracture can be treated by transplanting pedicle bone flap with deep iliac circumflex vessel and canulate bone screws internal fixation.

Comparison of Clinical Effect of PFNA and Internal Fixation with Anatomical Locking Plate of Proximal Femur in Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

Purpose To investigate the clinical value of proximal femoral nail antirotation and anatomical locking plate of proximal femur in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur.Methods The study group is treated with PFNA internal fixation.The control group is treated by internal fixation with anatomical locking plate of proximal femur.Results The time of operation,the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the time of fracture healing in the study group are significantly less than those in the control group.The incidence rate of complication in the study group(3.23%)is significantly lower than that in the control group(17.2%).Data comparison shows P<0.05.Conclusion The curative effect and prognosis for patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur treated by PFNA internal fixation are more ideal.

PFNA2 versus 95 Degree Condylar Blade Plate in the Management of Unstable Trochanteric Fractures

Purpose: The proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) is known to have advantages in enhancing the anchorage ability of internal fixation in elderly unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture patients. However whether it is superior to condylar blade fixation is not clear. This study aimed to determine which treatment has better clinical outcomes in older patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 86 patients over the age of 60 with unstable trochanteric fractures within the past 3 weeks, were included in this prospective study conducted from June 1, 2018, to May 31, 2021. All the intertrochanteric fractures were classified according to AO/OTA classification. Among them, 44 cases were treated with the Proximal Femoral Nail (PFNA2) with or without an augmentation screw, and 42 cases were treated with the Condylar Blade Plate. In addition, the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion, postoperative weight-bearing time, hospitalization time, Harris score of hip function, Kyle’s criteria and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean duration of surgery for the PFN group was 66.8 minutes (on average), whereas for the condylar blade plate group, it was 99.30 minutes (on average). The PFNA2 group experienced less blood loss (average of 80 mL) compared to the condylar blade plate group (average of 120 mL). Union and partial weight-bearing occurred earlier in the PFNA2 group (14.1 weeks and 10.6 weeks, respectively) compared to the Condylar blade plate group (18.7 weeks and 15.8 weeks). In two patients from the PFNA2 group, screw backing out and varus collapse complications were encountered;however, these patients remained asymptomatic and did not require revision surgery. In two other patients, screw cut out and breakage of the nail at the helical screw hole leading to non-union of the proximal femur were observed during the nine-month follow-up, necessitating revision surgery with prosthetic replacement. Among the condylar blade plate group, three patients experienced complications, including blade breakage at the blade and plate junction. In two cases, the fracture united in varus, and in one case, the blade cut through, resulting in non-union of the femoral head, which required revision surgery. According to the Harris hip score and Kyle’s criteria, a good-excellent outcome was observed in 92.85% of cases in the PFNA2 group and 90.90% of cases in the condylar blade plate group. Conclusion: Both the Proximal Femoral Nail A2 and Condylar blade plate are effective implants for the treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures. The intramedullary implant promotes biological healing and allows for early ambulation with minimal complications. Similarly satisfactory restoration of anatomy and favorable radiological and functional results can be achieved with the biological fixation provided by the 95-degree condylar blade plate. However, the use of PFNA2 internal fixation technique has the advantage of less trauma in elderly patients than the 95-degree condylar blade plate.

构建股骨转子间骨折股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定失效的风险预测模型

背景:股骨转子间骨折是主要的老年脆性骨折类型,股骨近端防旋髓内钉是首选手术方案,但术后内固定失效的相关因素尚存在争议。目的:通过术前评估患者影像学资料提出一种新的股骨转子间骨折“三柱”分类法,并分析其与术后内固定失效的交互关系,利用数字技术运算开发和验证风险预测模型,便于临床医生术前甄别并干预高风险患者。方法:选择2012年6月和2022年6月佛山市中医院三水医院收治的股骨转子间骨折患者,按照术后是否出现内固定失效结局,分为内固定失效组和内固定维持组。根据患者术前X射线片将股骨近端分为“三柱”:内侧柱、外侧柱及中柱,每柱均有不同的亚组分型。分析“三柱”的形态特征与股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定术后复位失效的关系,通过先单因素后多因素logistics回归分析,筛选出引起内固定失效的独立风险因素,根据独立风险因素利用R语言软件构建风险预测模型。采用自助法重抽样1000次,使用受试者工作特征曲线下的面积、校准曲线、临床决策曲线评价模型的区分度、校准能力及临床应用价值。通过Youden指数确定预测模型的最佳风险分界值,据此将患者分为高、低风险组,根据模型风险预测能力的准确度来评价其稳定性和外延性。结果与结论:①利用“三柱”分型系统预测骨折术后内固定失效的4个独立风险因素,分别为内侧柱(小转子及股骨距粉碎性骨折)[优势比=5.385,95%CI(1.961,14.782),P=0.001]、中间柱(烟囱型)[优势比=2.893,95%CI(1.167,7.173),P=0.022]、外侧柱(外侧壁厚度<20.5 mm)[优势比=2.804,95%CI(1.078,7.297),P=0.035]及外侧柱(外侧壁骨折)[优势比=4.278,95%CI(1.670,10.959),P=0.012];②构建的风险预测模型表现出良好的区分度和准确度[受试者工作特征曲线下面积=0.852,95%CI(0.837,0.922)],校准曲线显示模型预测风险和实际发生风险有较好的一致性;③临床决策曲线提示风险阈值概率在0.2-0.82范围内时,模型具有较好的临床适用性;风险概率为28%是模型风险分层的最佳阈值,模型在不同风险组别患者的预测性能较好;④此次研究通过“三柱”分型系统构建预测模型计算股骨转子间骨折患者术后内固定失效的风险概率,此方法准确、简便,易于临床应用,可作为一种数字化工具指导临床个性化治疗。

Arthroplasty versus Internal Fixation for Displaced Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fracture in the Elderly： Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Short- and Long-term Effectiveness

Background：There is conflicting evidence as to whether the femoral head should be preserved or replaced in elderly patients with displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures.In this article,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the short-and long-term effectiveness of arthroplasty （AR） and internal fixation （IF）.Methods：PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically up to January 2016.All randomized controlled trials directly comparing the effectiveness of AR and IF for displaced intracapsular fracture were retrieved with no limitation on language or publication year.Results：In total,eight prospective randomized studies involving 2206 patients were included.The results of our study showed that patients in the AR group reported significantly lower complication （risk ratio：0.56,95% confidence interval [CI] =0.38-0.80）,re-operation （risk ratio：0.17,95% CI =0.13-0.22）,revision rates （risk ratio：0.11,95% CI：0.08-0.16）,and better function compared with their IF counterparts,and they were less likely to suffer postoperative pain.No statistically significant differences for the rates of mortality,infection,and/or deep vein thrombosis between AR and IF were found.Conclusions：Based on our analysis,we recommend that AR should be used as the primary treatment for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures in the elderly.However,IF may be appropriate for those who are very frail.

Closed reduction and internal fixation versus total hip arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fracture

Objective： To compare the clinical effects between closed reduction and internal fixation （CRIF） and total hip arthroplasty （THA） for displaced femoral neck fracture. Methods： In this prospective randomized study, 285 patients aged above 65 years with hip fractures （Garden III or IV） were included from January 2001 to December 2005. The cases were randomly allocated to either the CRIF group or THA group. Patients with pathological fractures （bone tumors or metabolic bone disease）, preoperative avascular necrosis of the femoral head, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, hemiplegia, long-term bed rest and complications affecting hip functions were excluded. Results： During the had significantly higher 5-year follow-up, CRIF group rates of complication in hipjoint, general complication and reoperation than THA group （38.3% vs. 12.7%, P〈0.01; 45.3% vs. 21.7%, P〈0.01; 33.6% vs. 10.2%, P〈0.05 respectively）. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups. Postoperative function of the hip joint in THA group recovered favorably with higher Harris scores. Conclusion： For displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients, THA can achieve a lower rate of complication and reoperation, as well as better postoperative recovery of hip joint function compared with CRIF.

Biomechanical analysis of the computer-assisted internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture

The number and spatial configuration of the screws will affect the stability and prognosis of the fractures.In our study,we assessed the biomechanical effects of the double-head cannulated compression screw(DhCCS)and ordinary cannulated compression screw(OCCS)for the treatment of femoral neck fractures by using computer finite element analysis.The original digital imaging and communications in medicine(DICOM)data of a proximal femur were imported into Materialise’s interactive medical image control system(MIMICS)software for modeling.Both DhCCS and OCCS 3D-models were obtained by using the 3D scan technique.Using the fracture model and internal fixation assembly model with an inverted triangle,two horizontal and vertical distribution were established in UG software.Next,the displacement and stress distribution were calculated in ANSYS software.The displacement value of the femoral head in the DhCCS group was smaller than that in the OCCS group,and the displacement value in the two horizontal groups was smaller than that in the vertical group.The stress distribution in the DhCCS group was concentrated on the screw rod at the fracture block and thread end,while only at the fracture block in the OCCS group.The stress in the horizontal group was more dispersed on the screws than that in the vertical group.DhCCS has reliable stability for the fixation of femoral neck fractures and applied in the clinical work and 2 horizontal fixation can be used when two screws are selected.

三种内固定方法治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折伴前内侧骨缺损的有限元分析

背景:不稳定型股骨颈骨折伴前内侧骨缺损是非常少见且难以处理的,治疗此种骨折的最佳内固定方案一直是骨科医生中持续争论的话题。目的:通过有限元分析评估不同内固定方式治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折伴前内侧缺损的生物力学性能,以期为临床手术决策提供实验支撑。方法:利用Mimics 21.0、Geomagic和Solidworks软件构建伴有前内侧缺损且Pauwels角为70°的股骨颈骨折模型,模拟3种内固定方法:A组(3枚空心钉+内侧钢板)、B组(股骨颈动力交叉钉+1枚空心钉)和C组(4枚空心钉“菱形固定”)。在3倍体质量2100 N的载荷下分析3组模型股骨、内固定以及股骨头的应力和位移变化。结果与结论:①A组模型的股骨整体应力最小,且受力更加均匀且分散;B组内固定模型的应力较小,说明其具有更好的应力分散和抗剪切的作用;A组股骨应力侧的应力明显小于其余两组,且未发生应力集中现象;②A组无论是整体股骨模型、内固定或是股骨头的位移均小于其余两组,说明空心钉联合内侧钢板能够起到更好的稳定作用,可减少髋内翻的发生;③3枚螺钉联合内侧支撑钢板应用于垂直、不稳定且前内侧骨缺损的股骨颈骨折,可显著提高骨折的稳定性,提高对变形力的抵抗力,是治疗该类型骨折的不错选择。

不同载荷条件下三种内固定方式治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的有限元分析

背景:治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的最佳内固定方式仍未达成共识,既往相关有限元分析大多采用单一简化载荷条件,对于常用内固定装置的生物力学特性还需进一步探究。目的:通过有限元方法分析空心加压螺钉、动力髋螺钉和股骨颈系统治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折在单腿站立载荷及侧方跌倒载荷条件下的生物力学特性。方法:通过CT扫描获取健康成人股骨DICOM数据,导入Mimics 15.0软件,得到骨组织的粗糙模型,再通过Geomagics软件对Mimics导出的数据进行优化处理,然后根据空心加压螺钉、动力髋螺钉和股骨颈系统的临床应用参数采用Pro/E软件建立3种内固定模型并与股骨模型组装,最后导入Ansys软件进行加载、计算,分析3种内固定模型在单腿站立载荷及侧方跌倒载荷的不同工况下股骨和内固定的应力分布和位移情况,以及股骨距和Ward三角区的应力特点。结果与结论:(1)单腿站立载荷及侧方跌倒载荷下,3种内固定模型的股骨近端应力均主要分布在股骨颈骨折端内上方,3种内固定模型的股骨近端、骨折端、Ward三角以及股骨距的应力峰值均为股骨颈系统内固定模型最小,空心加压螺钉内固定模型最大;(2)单腿站立载荷及侧方跌倒载荷下,3种内固定模型的股骨近端位移峰值均位于股骨头顶端,且位移峰值均为股骨颈系统内固定模型最小,空心加压螺钉内固定模型最大;(3)3种内固定模型在单腿站立及侧方跌倒载荷条件下内固定的位移峰值均位于内固定装置上方顶端,且位移峰值均为股骨颈系统内固定模型最小,空心加压螺钉内固定模型最大;(4)3种内固定模型在单腿站立及侧方跌倒载荷条件下内固定的应力均主要集中在内固定装置的骨折端附近区域,且内固定应力峰值均为股骨颈系统内固定模型最小,空心加压螺钉内固定模型最大;(5)结果表明,股骨颈系统的机械稳定性最佳,但是可能存在对于骨折端和股骨距应力遮挡的风险;股骨颈系统的内固定装置应力更为分散,内固定断裂风险更低。

Cephalomedullary fixation for femoral neck/intertrochanteric and ipsilateral shaft fractures： surgical tips and pitfalls

Objective： Surgical management options for femoral shaft fracture and ipsilateral proximal fe- mur fracture vary from single-implant to double-implant fixation. Cephalomedullary fixation in such fractures has rela- tive advantages over other techniques especially because of less soft tissue dissection and immediate postoperative weight beating with accelerated rehabilitation. However, the surgery is technically demanding and there is a paucity of literature describing the surgical techniques for this fixation. The aim of the study was to describe the surgical technique of cephalomedullary fixation for femoral shaft fracture and ipsilateral proximal femur fracture. Methods： Sixteen cases （10 males and 6 females with a mean age of 41.8 years） of ipsilateral proximal femur and shaft fractures were treated by single-stage cephalomedullary fixation at tertiary level trauma center in northern India. The fractures were classified according to AO classification. An intraoperative record of duration of surgery as well as technical challenges unique to each fracture pattern was kept for all the patients. Results： The most common proximal femoral pattern was AO B2.1 observed in 9 of our patients. The AO B2.3 fractures were seen in 4 patients while the AO A1.2 fractures in 3 patients. Four of the AO B2.1 and 2 of the AO B2.3 frac- tures required open reduction with Watson-Jones approach. The mean operative time was around 78 minutes, which tended to decrease as the surgical experience increased. There was only one case of malreduction, which required revision surgery. Conclusion： Combination of ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture and neck/intertrochanteric fracture is a difficult frac- ture pattern for trauma surgeons. Cephalomedullary nail is an excellent implant for such fractures but it requires careful insertion to avoid complications. Surgery is technically demanding with a definite learning curve. Nevertheless, a majority of these fractures can be surgically managed by single- implant cephalomedullary fixation by following basic surgical principles that have been summarized in this article.

股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定后股骨近端骨质疏松的有限元分析

背景:股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定术后由于患肢短期内常常不能负重,且高刚度的内植物对骨折断端存在应力遮挡效应,易导致患肢出现骨质疏松,股骨近端生物力学分布发生变化,术后股骨头坏死发病率较高,目前关于股骨颈骨折术后股骨近端骨质疏松对股骨近端及空心钉生物力学影响的研究较少。目的:通过有限元分析探讨股骨颈骨折术后发生骨质疏松对空心钉内固定治疗的生物力学影响,探究生物力学因素在股骨头坏死进程中的作用。方法:获取1例股骨颈骨折患者股骨CT扫描数据,利用Mimics 19.0、3-Matic、UG 11.0、Hypermesh 14.0、Abaqus软件建立空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折的股骨近端模型,利用Abaqus软件分析1种术后股骨近端无骨质疏松、3种术后股骨近端骨质疏松的有限元模型,测量分析4种模型不同部件的应力、接触压力、位移峰值及云图,对比分析股骨头内部应力变化及分布情况。结果与结论:股骨头及下前空心钉的应力、接触压力随骨质疏松程度变化较大,4种模型的位移峰值随着骨质疏松程度加重而缓慢增长。通过单因素方差分析,结果显示骨质疏松程度对不同部件的应力、接触压力、位移峰值无显著性影响,股骨头内部应力分布随骨质疏松发生相应变化,股骨近端的生物力学环境变化对股骨头坏死有着重要影响。

股骨颈动力交叉螺钉系统与螺纹空心钉治疗垂直不稳定股骨颈骨折短期随访

目的:分析比较股骨颈动力交叉螺钉系统(femoral neck dynamic cross screw system,FNS)和螺纹空心钉(cannulated screws,CS)治疗垂直不稳定股骨颈骨折临床效果。方法:回顾分析2020年7月至2021年8月收治的40例垂直不稳定股骨颈骨折患者的临床数据和短期随访结果,根据不同的内固定治疗方法分为股骨颈动力交叉螺钉系统FNS组20例和螺纹空心钉CS组20例。FNS组中,男11例,女9例,年龄58.5(50.3,62.5)岁;CS组中,男9例,女11例,年龄52.0(40.5,58.0)岁。观察比较两组手术时间、手术刀口长度、手术中失血量、治疗费用。术后利用X线影像资料评价术后骨折愈合状况和手术内固定状况,并测量患侧股骨颈短缩状况。比较两组术后患侧大腿激惹症发生情况、术后部分负重以及完全负重时间、术后股骨头早期坏死、再次手术翻修情况以及Harris评分。结果:FNS组获随访18.0(15.0,19.0)个月,CS组随访17.0(15.0,18.8)个月。两组手术时间、手术切口长度、手术中失血量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)hFNS组的诊疗费用高于CS组(P<0.001)。FNS组术后无患侧大腿激惹征,而CS组6例存在大腿外侧不适或大腿外激惹征(P<0.05)。CS组术后平均部分负重活动时间和完全负重活动时间均长于FNS组(P<0.05)。末次随访时,CS组术后患侧股骨颈短缩长度大于FNS组(P<0.05)。两组均未发生术后股骨头早期坏死及再次手术翻修。两组术后12个月Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:FNS治疗垂直不稳定股骨颈骨折可明显降低大腿外侧激惹征的发生率,并有效降低垂直不稳定股骨颈骨折术后短缩率,可提供较稳定的防旋力与抗切割力,使患者可以相对较早下地,有利于患者术后患侧髋关节功能恢复,是对于垂直不稳定股骨颈骨折手术治疗的一种全新选择,但由于治疗费用偏高,临床中因结合实际情况,选用恰当的手术治疗方式。

髋关节囊周围神经阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者镇痛效果的对比研究

目的 探讨髋关节囊周围神经(pericapsular nerve group, PENG)阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞(fascia iliaca compartment block, FICB)对老年股骨粗隆间骨折(intertrochanteric femur fracture, IFF)患者股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, PFNA)内固定术的镇痛效果。方法 选取2022年1—12月首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院老年IFF患者60例,随机分为P组和F组,每组各30例。P组采用PENG阻滞,F组采用FICB。两组患者均接受椎管内麻醉进行手术,术后均给予患者静脉自控镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia, PCIA)。比较两组患者不同时点(T1,神经阻滞前;T2,神经阻滞后30 min;T3,术后6 h;T4,术后24 h;T5,术后48 h)静息和运动时的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score, VAS)、术后补救镇痛率、镇痛满意度评分、住院时间、PCIA按压次数及不良反应发生率。结果 60例患者中,男23例,女37例,年龄65~85岁,平均(70.6±6.0)岁。两组T2~T5时点静息和运动时VAS均低于T1时点,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);两组静息和运动时所有时点VAS、术后补救镇痛率、镇痛满意度评分、住院时间、PCIA按压次数及不良反应发生率的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PENG阻滞与FICB均可缓解老年IFF患者PFNA内固定术的镇痛,且镇痛效果相当。