Ultrasonographic identification of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve anatomical variation in persistent meralgia paresthetica:A case report

BACKGROUND Meralgia paresthetica(MP)is an entrapment mononeuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve(LFCN).Although structural abnormalities in nerve tissues can be confirmed using ultrasonography,this is not routinely performed.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we present the case of a 52-year-old woman who developed MP after laparoscopic gynecological surgery.The patient was referred to our clinic from an obstetrics and gynecology clinic with symptoms of numbness and a tingling sensation in the left anterolateral thigh,which developed after surgery performed 5 mo earlier.Tests were performed to assess the disease status and determine the underlying causes.Ultrasonographic examination revealed an anatomical variation,where the left LFCN was entrapped within the inguinal ligament.This case suggests that performing ultrasonographic examination before and after surgery in the lithotomy position could help prevent MP.CONCLUSION This case demonstrates the value of ultrasonography in detecting anatomical variation and diagnosing persistent MP.Ultrasonography should be considered an adjunct to electromyography for optimal MP management.Further,this case would help other clinicians determine patient prognosis and decide on targeted treatment strategies.

Combined Sciatic, Femoral, and Obturator Nerve Blocks for Ankle Surgery in a Patient with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension—A Case Report

We report a patient with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) undergoing tibio-talo-calcaneal fusion due to Charcot joint. Despite the advancement in the management of PAH, the risks of anesthesia, surgery, and postoperative morbidity and mortality still remain high. A 46-year-old female was presented with severe PAH and end stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis three times a week. Ultrasound-guided sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerve blocks were performed with 0.5% levobupivacaine 15 ml, 10 ml, and 5 ml, respectively. All the blocks were successful, and the patient underwent uneventful anesthesia and surgery. In addition, the postoperative pain control lasted for 15 h and the patient was discharged on POD 5 without any complications. Therefore, ultrasound-guided sciatic, femoral, and obturator nerve blocks are valuable alternative to the general or neuraxial anesthesia in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension.

Effect of Ketoprofenphonophoresis and Femoral Nerve Block in Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective:To evaluate the effect of ketoprofenphonophoresis and femoral nerve block in knee osteoarthritis.Methods:One hundred and fourteen patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into two groups.The control group consisted of 57 patients who were treated with only ketoprofenphonophoresis.The experimental group consisted of patients were treated with ketoprofenphonophoresis and femoral nerve block.The patients were followed for more than one month.The treatment effect assessed by observing their WOMAC index before and after therapy.Results:All the patients finished the follow-up.Their WOMAC indexes were reduced after therapy and one month after treatment,especially in the experimental group(P<0.05).The effective efficiency of ketoprofenphonophoresis and femoral nerve block were higher than that in the control group after treatment and after one month of follow-up(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with only ketoprofenphonophoresis,the combined treatment of ketoprofenphonophoresis and femoral nerve block was more appropriate in knee osteoarthritis.

Efficacy of fascia iliaca compartment nerve block as part of multimodal analgesia after surgery for femoral bone fracture

BACKGROUND: Fascia iliaca compartment nerve block(FICNB) has been an established technique for postoperative analgesia after surgery for femoral bone fracture. FICNB is technically easy, effective for postoperative pain control after operation for femoral bone fracture and decreases the complications induced by systemic analgesic drugs. The severity of postoperative pain is affected by genetics, cultural and social factors across the world. In this study we assessed the efficacy of fascia iliaca compartment nerve block when it is used as part of multimodal analgesia after surgery for femoral bone fracture.METHODS: An institution-based case control study was conducted from September, 2013 to May, 2014. All patients who had been operated on under spinal anesthesia for femoral bone fracture were included. The patients divided into a FICNB group(n=20) and a control group(n=20). The FICNB group was given 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine at the end of the operation. Postoperative pain was assessed within the f irst 24 hours, i.e. at 15 minutes, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours using 100 mm visual analogue scale(VAS), total analgesic consumption, and the time for the f irst analgesic request.RESULTS: VAS pain scores were reduced within the f irst 24 hours after operation in the FICNB group compared wtih the control group. VAS scores at 2 hours were taken as median values(IQR) 0.00(0.00) vs.18.00(30.00), P=0.001; at 6 hours 0.00(0.00) vs. 34.00(20.75), P=0.000; at 24 hours 12.50(10.00) vs. 31.50(20.75), P=0.004; and at 12 hours(17.80±12.45) vs.(29.95±12.40), P=0.004, respectively. The total analgesic consumption of diclofenac at 12 and 24 hours was reduced in the FICNB group, and the time for the fi rst analgesic request was signifi cantly prolonged(417.50 vs. 139.25 minutes, P=0.000).CONCLUSIONS: A single injection for FICNB could lead to postoperative pain relief, reduction of total analgesic consumption and prolonged time for the fi rst analgesic request in the FICNB group after surgery for femoral bone fracture. We recommend FICNB for analgesia after surgery for femoral bone fracture and for patients with femoral bone fracture at the emergency department.

Intrathecal morphine vs femoral nerve block for postoperative-analgesia after total knee arthroplasty:A two-year retrospective analysis

AIM To compare the efficacy of intrathecal morphine and single shot femoral nerve block for patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty.METHODS Data was extracted from electronic medical records and case-paper record files of patients who underwent unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia using bupivacaine 12.5 mg with intrathecal morphine(ITM) 0.2 mg and under general anesthesia(GA) with single shot femoral nerve block(FNB) using 20 m L 0.5% bupivacaine at our hospital in 2013 and 2014.All patients had received peri-articular infiltration as per the hospital protocol.Data for gender,age,weight,American Society of Anesthesiologists status,total surgical time,postoperative pain score using visual analogue scale(VAS) from 1 to 10 at 6 h,12 h and 24 h postoperatively,24 h opioid consumption,use of oral multimodal analgesia,postoperative high dependency unit(HDU) admission and the time to discharge from the hospital was collected.The data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and Fischer's exact-t-test for categorical variables.RESULTS Twenty-two patients in ITM group and 32 patients in FNB group were analyzed.Median pain scores using VAS in ITM group were significantly lower at 6 h(0.0 vs 2.0,P<0.001),12 h(0.0 vs 2.0,P<0.001) and 24 h(0.0 vs 2.0,P<0.001) postoperatively.Also,postoperative morphine consumption in ITM group was significantly lower(P<0.001).However,median of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug unit requirement in 24 h postoperatively was statistically significant higher in ITM compared to FNB group(2.0 vs 1.0,P=0.025).The difference in postoperative paracetamol consumption in 24 h was not statistically significant(P=0.147).There was no significant difference in the postoperative HDU admission or time to discharge from the hospital.No respiratory depression in either group was noticed.CONCLUSION The ITM group patients had much lower pain scores and morphine requirement in the first 24 hour postoperatively compared to FNB group.

Unusual disposition of lateral circumflex femoral artery: Anatomical description and clinical implications

The anatomical knowledge of arterial variations of lower limb is of utmost significance for the present day surgeons and interventional radiologists for minimizing complications during vascular reconstructive procedures, catheterization procedures and surgical intervention for embolism. Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery(LCFA) isan important branch of Profunda Femoris artery and precise knowledge of its variations can be of great relevance during surgical and radiological procedures in femoral region. The present study reports a unique case of anomalous route taken by LCFA posterior to femoral nerve associated with a prominent muscular branch from Femoral artery mimicking the course of LCFA. Documentation of such variations is highly significant. It may serve as guideline for surgeons in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications where LCFA is used as a long vascular pedicle in anterolateral perforator thigh flap and in breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Ignorance of such variations can lead to fatal intraoperative haemorrhage and incapacitating sensory and motor deficit due to injury to femoral nerve branches which are closely related to these vessels.

Implementation science for the adductor canal block:A new and adaptable methodology process

BACKGROUND Following the successful Perioperative Surgical Home(PSH)practice for total knee arthroplasty(TKA)at our institution,the need for continuous improvement was realized,including the deimplementation of antiquated PSH elements and introduction of new practices.AIM To investigate the transition from femoral nerve blocks(FNB)to adductor canal nerve blocks(ACB)during TKA.METHODS Our 13-month study from June 2016 to 2017 was divided into four periods:a three-month baseline(103 patients),a one-month pilot(47 patients),a three-month implementation and hardwiring period(100 patients),and a six-month evaluation period(185 patients).In total,435 subjects were reviewed.Data within 30 postoperative days were extracted from electronic medical records,such as physical therapy results and administration of oral morphine equivalents(OME).RESULTS Our institution reduced FNB application(64% to 3%)and increased ACB utilization(36% to 97%)at 10 mo.Patients in the ACB group were found to have increased ambulation on the day of surgery(4.1 vs 2.0 m)and lower incidence of falls(0 vs 1%)and buckling(5% vs 27%)compared with FNB patients(P<0.05).While ACB patients(13.9)reported lower OME than FNB patients(15.9),the difference(P=0.087)did not fall below our designated statistical threshold of P value<0.05.CONCLUSION By demonstrating closure of the“knowledge to action gap”within 6 mo,our institution’s findings demonstrate evidence in the value of implementation science.Physician education,technical support,and performance monitoring were deemed key facilitators of our program’s success.Expanded patient populations and additional orthopedic procedures are recommended for future study.

髋关节囊周围神经阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者镇痛效果的对比研究

目的 探讨髋关节囊周围神经(pericapsular nerve group, PENG)阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞(fascia iliaca compartment block, FICB)对老年股骨粗隆间骨折(intertrochanteric femur fracture, IFF)患者股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, PFNA)内固定术的镇痛效果。方法 选取2022年1—12月首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院老年IFF患者60例,随机分为P组和F组,每组各30例。P组采用PENG阻滞,F组采用FICB。两组患者均接受椎管内麻醉进行手术,术后均给予患者静脉自控镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia, PCIA)。比较两组患者不同时点(T1,神经阻滞前;T2,神经阻滞后30 min;T3,术后6 h;T4,术后24 h;T5,术后48 h)静息和运动时的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score, VAS)、术后补救镇痛率、镇痛满意度评分、住院时间、PCIA按压次数及不良反应发生率。结果 60例患者中,男23例,女37例,年龄65~85岁,平均(70.6±6.0)岁。两组T2~T5时点静息和运动时VAS均低于T1时点,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);两组静息和运动时所有时点VAS、术后补救镇痛率、镇痛满意度评分、住院时间、PCIA按压次数及不良反应发生率的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PENG阻滞与FICB均可缓解老年IFF患者PFNA内固定术的镇痛,且镇痛效果相当。

超声引导下股神经、坐骨神经阻滞在跟骨骨折手术麻醉中的应用效果

目的:探究超声引导下股神经、坐骨神经阻滞在跟骨骨折手术麻醉中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年2月—2023年2月菏泽医学专科学校附属医院收治的跟骨骨折患者80例,以随机数字表法将其均分为对照组(椎管内麻醉)及观察组(超声引导下股神经、坐骨神经阻滞)各40例,对比两组麻醉效果;对比两组麻醉前(T_(0))、麻醉后5 min(T_(1))、麻醉后10 min(T_(2))、麻醉后15 min(T_(3))、麻醉后30min(T_(4))时刻的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2));对比两组应激反应指标[肾上腺素(E)、皮质醇(Cor)]、凝血功能[凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)]、不良反应发生率。结果:观察组麻醉效果Ⅰ级率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组T_(0)、T_(1)时刻HR、MAP、SpO_(2)水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)时刻HR、MAP均高于T_(0)时刻,SpO_(2)均低于T_(0)时刻,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)时刻HR、MAP、SpO_(2)较T_(0)时刻差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)时刻HR、MAP均低于对照组,SpO_(2)均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组E、Cor水平相较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1 h两组E、Cor水平均升高,但观察组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组TT、PT、APTT水平相较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1 h,两组TT、PT、APTT水平均升高,且观察组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对跟骨骨折患者实施超声引导下股神经、坐骨神经阻滞,麻醉效果显著,减轻应激反应,稳定术中血流动力学,改善血液高凝状态,降低并发症发生率。

超声引导下股神经阻滞联合复元活血汤对全膝关节置换术后疼痛及膝关节功能的影响

目的:观察超声引导下股神经阻滞联合复元活血汤对全膝关节置换术后患者疼痛程度及膝关节功能的影响。方法:选择2020年5月至2022年5月就诊于武汉市中医医院骨科收治的拟行全膝关节置换术的60例膝骨关节炎患者,按照随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组各30例。两组患者均给予人工全膝关节置换术,对照组于术后即刻行超声引导下股神经阻滞镇痛,试验组在对照组治疗的基础上口服复原活血汤。记录两组患者手术后第3天、第5天、第7天静息及被动屈曲20°、50°、70°时视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、患膝关节周缘肿胀差值、关节主动屈伸活动度、美国特种外科医院膝关节功能(hospital for special surgery,HSS)评分。结果:静息0°状态下,术后第3天试验组VAS评分高于对照组(P<0.05),但术后第5天、第7天两组患者VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。被动屈曲20°、45°、70°状态下,术后第3天、第5天、第7天试验组VAS评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。在同一测量点,术后第3天、第5天、第7天试验组患肢肿胀差值大对照组(P<0.05)。术后第3天、第5天、第7天试验组膝关节主动屈曲角度大于对照组(P<0.05)。术后第3天、第5天、第7天试验组膝关节HSS评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:将超声引导下股神经阻滞联合复元活血汤运用于全膝关节置换术后,可降低术后各时间段的静息及主动屈伸时的疼痛程度,缓解患肢肿胀程度,从而增加患膝活动范围,促进膝关节功能恢复。

B超引导下髋关节囊周神经丛阻滞与腹股沟上髂筋膜间隙阻滞在股骨颈骨折患者中的应用效果对比

目的探讨B超引导下髋关节囊周神经丛阻滞(PNGB)与腹股沟上髂筋膜间隙阻滞(S-FICB)在股骨颈骨折(FNF)患者中的应用效果。方法选取2021年9月至2022年9月在漯河医学高等专科学校第二附属医院就诊的80例行全髋节置换术治疗的FNF患者为研究对象,根据随机数表法分为S-FICB组与PNGB组,每组40例。S-FICB组行S-FICB阻滞,PNGB组行PNGB阻滞。记录患者阻滞前(T_(0))和阻滞后5 min(T_(1))、10 min(T_(2))、15 min(T_(3))时的心率。记录患者T_(0)、T_(3)及阻滞后30 min(T_(4))、2 h(T_(5))、6 h(T_(6))、12 h(T_(7))、24 h(T_(8))静息、抬髋15°时的数字评定量表(NRS)评分。记录患者超声成像时间、穿刺操作时间、超声成像清晰度评分、首次下床活动时间、住院时间、术后并发症发生情况。结果两组T_(0)~T_(3)时的心率组间、时间和交互作用无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组静息时T_(0)、T_(3)~T_(8)时NRS评分的组间、时间和交互作用有统计学意义(P<0.05),PNGB组静息时T_(0)、T_(3)~T_(8)时NRS评分均低于S-FICB组(P<0.05)。两组抬髋15°时T_(0)、T_(3)~T_(8)的NRS评分的组间、时间和交互作用有统计学意义(P<0.05),且PNGB组抬髋15°时T_(0)、T_(3)~T_(8)的NRS评分均低于S-FICB组(P<0.05)。PNGB组超声成像时间短于S-FICB组(P<0.05);术后,PNGB组首次下床活动时间短于S-FICB组(P<0.05);两组均未见神经阻滞相关并发症。结论S-FICB和PNGB应用于FNF患者中,均有较好的镇痛效果,对心率无明显影响,但PNGB在缓解术后疼痛,缩短超声成像时间,促进术后恢复方面效果更佳。

超声引导下股神经阻滞联合硬膜外麻醉在大隐静脉激光闭合术中的应用

目的探讨超声引导下股神经阻滞联合硬膜外麻醉在大隐静脉激光闭合术中的应用效果。方法收集2020年5月至2023年7月于铜陵市人民医院接受大隐静脉激光闭合术治疗的120例大隐静脉曲张患者的临床资料,根据麻醉方式的不同将患者分为联合组(n=57)和对照组(n=63)。联合组患者在手术过程中采用超声引导下股神经阻滞联合硬膜外麻醉,对照组仅采用硬膜外麻醉。比较两组患者的手术指标、麻醉相关指标、术后不同时间(术后1、6、12、24 h)的疼痛感[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分]、术后首次下床活动时间及术后并发症的发生情况。结果联合组患者的手术时间短于对照组患者(P﹤0.05);两组患者的术中输液量比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。在首次穿刺大隐静脉时和手术完成即刻两个时间点,联合组患者的心率和平均动脉压均低于对照组患者(P﹤0.05)。联合组患者术后各时间点的VAS评分均明显低于对照组患者,术后首次下床活动时间明显短于对照组患者(P﹤0.01)。两组患者术后并发症发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论对于行大隐静脉激光闭合术的大隐静脉曲张患者,超声引导下股神经阻滞联合硬膜外麻醉可以安全、显著地改善其术后疼痛感,同时改善患者围手术期心率、血压,缩短手术时间,且不会增加术后并发症。

神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉在股骨颈骨折患者中的应用

目的:探讨在股骨颈骨折患者中应用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2023年6月桂林市中医医院收治的98例股骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各49例。对照组采用传统的腰硬联合麻醉,研究组采用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、皮质醇(Cor)和儿茶氨酚(CA)及不良反应。结果:两组麻醉效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组麻醉后15 min(T_(2))、麻醉后30 min(T_(3))时MAP高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组麻醉后5 min(T_(1))、T_(2)、T_(3)、手术结束后(T_(4))时HR高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组术中(Tb)时CA、Cor低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:股骨颈骨折患者应用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉能稳定血流动力学,缓解应激反应,具有良好的麻醉效果和较高的安全性。

超声引导下髂腰肌平面阻滞对髋关节置换术患者术后恢复质量的影响

目的观察超声引导下髂腰肌平面阻滞对髋关节置换术患者术后恢复质量的影响。方法选择择期行人工髋关节置换术的患者60例,男37例,女23例,年龄40~79岁,BMI 18~30 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:髂腰肌平面阻滞组(IPB组)和股神经阻滞组(FNB组),每组30例。麻醉诱导前,IPB组采用0.5%罗哌卡因10 ml行超声引导下IPB,后采用0.5%罗哌卡因5 ml行股外侧皮神经阻滞;FNB组采用0.5%罗哌卡因10 ml行超声引导下FNB,后采用0.5%罗哌卡因5 ml行股外侧皮神经阻滞。记录术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼和顺式阿曲库铵用量。采用15项恢复质量(QoR-15)量表评估术前、术后1、2、3 d的恢复质量。记录术后12、24、48 h最高VAS(VAS_(max))疼痛评分和股四头肌徒手肌力测试(MMT)评分。记录术后首次下床活动时间、阿片类药物用量、患者满意度评分。记录神经损伤、血管损伤、穿刺部位感染和局麻药中毒等神经阻滞相关并发症的发生情况。记录头晕、恶心呕吐、深静脉血栓和谵妄等术后并发症的发生情况。结果两组术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼和顺式阿曲库铵用量差异无统计学意义。与FNB组比较,IPB组术后1、2、3 d QoR-15量表评分明显升高(P<0.05)。与FNB组比较,IPB组术后12、24 h股四头肌MMT评分明显升高,术后首次下床活动时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。两组术后VAS_(max)疼痛评分、术后48 h股四头肌MMT评分、阿片类药物用量和患者满意度评分差异无统计学意义。两组均未见神经阻滞等相关并发症。两组术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。结论超声引导下髂腰肌平面阻滞可提高髋关节置换术患者术后恢复质量,加速患者康复,效果优于股神经阻滞。

神经阻滞复合全麻与喉罩全麻对老年股骨粗隆间骨折术的效果及对MMSE的影响

目的:观察在老年股骨粗隆间骨折术中应用喉罩全麻时应用不同神经阻滞的效果,并分析对患者术后认知情况的影响。方法:选取2020年9月—2022年3月安阳市人民医院收治的137例股骨粗隆间骨折的老年患者作为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为A组(n=45,单独予以喉罩全麻)、其余患者根据神经阻滞方式不同分为B组(n=46,腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞复合喉罩全麻)和C组(n=46,L1~L2椎旁神经阻滞复合喉罩全麻)。比较三组患者麻醉效果、手术效果及预后情况。结果:术后,B组患者血氧饱和度(SPO_(2))、动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))高于A组、C组,平均动脉压(MAP)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))低于A组、C组,差异有统计学意义(F=27.36、195.84、34.27、11.77,P<0.05);B组患者Harris、MMSE评分略高于A组、C组,差异有统计学意义(F=51.80、94.63,P<0.05);B组患者超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)高于A组、C组,丙二醛(MDA)低于A组、C组,差异有统计学意义(F=33.93、201.68、85.16、4.60,P<0.05);三组患者不良反应发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.099,P>0.05)。结论:在老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者术中应用喉罩全麻联合腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞对改善患者生命体征、减轻应激反应、避免认知障碍更具优势。

髋关节囊周围神经丛阻滞联合股外侧皮神经阻滞用于髋部骨折手术效果观察

目的观察超声引导下髋关节囊周围神经丛阻滞(PENGB)联合股外侧皮神经阻滞(LFCNB)用于髋部骨折手术的效果。方法选择2022年2月至2023年6月在上海市杨浦区中心医院因髋部骨折行人工股骨头置换术或股骨转子间骨折闭合复位髓内钉内固定术患者60例,按随机数字表法分为神经阻滞组和对照组,每组30例。神经阻滞组于蛛网膜下腔阻滞体位摆放前30 min行PENGB及LFCNB,对照组于体位摆放前5 min静脉给予枸橼酸舒芬太尼0.1μg/kg。记录所有患者术前、神经阻滞后30 min或静脉用药后5 min、体位摆放时的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分及患者配合程度、术后6、12、24和48 h的VAS评分、术后6 h患侧下肢肌力、术前和术后CRP、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、术中及术后短期并发症的发生情况及患者满意度。结果两组患者术前VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);神经阻滞或静脉用药后,VAS评分均明显改善(均P<0.05),且神经阻滞组优于对照组(P<0.05);蛛网膜下腔阻滞摆放体位时,神经阻滞组VAS评分和患者配合度均优于对照组(均P<0.05);神经阻滞组术后6、12和24 h活动VAS评分及术后12、24 h的静息VAS评分均优于对照组(均P<0.05);两组患者术后6 h患侧下肢肌力及术后短期并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);两组患者术后CRP及SAA均高于术前(均P<0.01),但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);神经阻滞组患者满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论PENGB联合LFCNB可以有效减轻髋部骨折患者围术期疼痛、提高患者配合度及满意度、对术后患侧下肢肌力及炎症反应没有影响,可以安全应用于临床。

超声引导下股神经和股外侧皮神经阻滞麻醉联合全身麻醉在老年髋关节置换术中的应用效果

目的分析老年髋关节置换术中应用超声引导下股神经和股外侧皮神经阻滞麻醉联合全身麻醉的实际效果。方法围绕焦作市人民医院2021年1月至2023年2月行髋关节置换术治疗的60例老年患者展开研究;在区间随机法辅助下对样本开展组别划分,对照组(30例),术中单纯接受插管全身麻醉;研究组(30例)则采取超声引导下股神经和股外侧皮神经阻滞麻醉联合全身麻醉。对比两组围术期血流动力学相关指标(平均心率、平均动脉压)、应激反应相关指标(肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇)、不良反应发生率、术后苏醒时间及术后拔管时间。结果麻醉前两组平均心率、平均动脉压水平对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),切皮时、切皮10 min后两组两项指标均明显降低,研究组降低幅度与对照组相比较小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);麻醉前组间身体应激反应指标对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),切皮时、切皮10 min后两组肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇水平均明显升高,研究组升高幅度与对照组相比较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组、研究组麻醉不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),分别为13.33%、23.33%;对照组、研究组术后苏醒时间及术后拔管时间对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年髋关节置换术应用超声引导下股神经和股外侧皮神经阻滞麻醉联合全身麻醉有利于保持术中血流动力学、应激反应稳定,且对术后苏醒、麻醉相关不良反应无明显负性影响,值得应用。

股神经阻滞联合关节腔浸润麻醉在膝关节镜手术中的应用效果

目的评价股神经阻滞联合关节腔浸润麻醉在膝关节镜手术中的安全性和有效性。方法选择滨州医学院附属医院骨关节外科2022年1月至6月因半月板损伤、游离体、骨性关节炎计划行单侧膝关节镜手术患者120例,随机分为股神经阻滞联合关节腔浸润麻醉组(F/I组)和腰硬联合麻醉组(CSEA组),每组60例。F/I组中男32例,女28例,年龄(38.75±11.35)岁;CSEA组中男25例,女35例,年龄(37.80±10.85)岁。比较两组术中补救例数、术后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、术后感觉恢复时间及首次下地活动时间、术后并发症、住院花费及住院天数等指标的差异。采用t检验、χ^(2)检验、Fisher确切概率法。结果F/I组术后6 h VAS评分低于CSEA组[(2.08±0.61)分比(2.54±0.64)分],差异有统计学意义(t=-2.484,P=0.018)。F/I组感觉恢复时间长于CSEA组[(6.25±0.40)h比(3.60±0.31)h,首次下地活动时间短于CESA组[(2.99±1.05)h比(8.14±1.88)h],差异均有统计学意义(t=14.095、-12.263,均P<0.001)。术后并发症:F/I组术中加用麻醉发生率3.3%(2/60)、尿潴留发生率0、下肢静脉血栓发生率1.7%(1/60)、恶心呕吐发生率3.3%(2/60),CSEA组术中加用麻醉发生率0、尿潴留发生率10.0%(6/60)、下肢静脉血栓发生率5.0%(3/60)、恶心呕吐发生率16.7%(10/60),两组尿潴留、恶心呕吐发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。F/I组住院时间为(3.90±0.63)d、住院费用为(9612.67±507.15)元,CESA组分别为(5.27±0.75)d、(11401.52±530.01)元,差异均有统计学意义(t=-8.862、-15.425,均P<0.001)。结论股神经阻滞联合关节腔浸润麻醉在膝关节镜手术中能够减少术后并发症、缩短住院时间、降低住院费用,并提供良好的麻醉效果。

股神经和髂筋膜阻滞联合针灸对老年股骨颈骨折患者镇痛效果观察

目的探索针灸联合股神经和髂筋膜阻滞在老年股骨颈骨折(femoral neck fracture,FNF)患者疼痛管理中的效果。方法研究纳入2021年2月1日—2023年6月30日在海安市人民医院行髋关节置换术的FNF老年患者106例,随机分为将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组53例。对照组患者接受超声引导下的股神经阻滞和髂筋膜阻滞,观察组患者在股神经和髂筋膜的基础上予以针灸镇痛。比较观察组和对照组患者视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、认知功能(空间认知能力、工作记忆能力、简单计算能力、图片识别能力)、阻滞起效时间(感觉阻滞起效时间、完全感觉阻滞时间、运动阻滞起效时间、完全运动阻滞时间)、术后髋关节屈曲角度和不良事件发生率。结果(1)VAS评分。观察组和对照组患者术前VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后即刻和术后24 h,观察组患者VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后2 d和术后3 d,观察组患者在静息时和功能锻炼时的VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)认知功能。观察组和对照组患者术前空间认知能力评分、工作记忆能力评分、简单计算能力评分、图片识别能力评分等方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后空间认知能力评分、工作记忆能力评分、简单计算能力评分、图片识别能力评分均低于术前(P<0.05),且观察组患者评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)阻滞起效时间。观察组和对照组患者感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞起效时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者达到完全感觉阻滞时间、完全运动阻滞时间少于对照组(P<0.05)。(4)术后髋关节屈曲角度。术后1 d,观察组和对照组患者关节屈曲角度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后2、3 d,观察组患者关节屈曲角度大于对照组(P<0.05)。(5)不良事件发生率。观察组患者补救镇痛、谵妄发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组和对照组患者头晕、呕吐、神经损伤等方面发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针灸联合股神经和髂筋膜阻滞可以有效缓解FNF老年患者术后疼痛,促进髋关节功能恢复,保护患者认知功能,降低谵妄发生率。

超声引导下右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因股神经阻滞在膝关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨术中的应用研究

目的:探讨超声引导下右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因股神经阻滞对膝关节镜联合胫骨高位截骨术(HTO)后患者疼痛的影响。方法:选择2021-2022年在安康市中心医院行HTO联合关节镜治疗的97例骨性关节炎患者,依据随机数表法将其分为观察组(46例)和对照组(51例),所有患者均予以超声引导下股神经阻滞麻醉,观察组使用罗哌卡因复合右美托咪定,对照组仅使用罗哌卡因。评估患者术前,术后3、6和12 h时静息状态下的疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,记录患者术后0~6 h(T1)、6~12 h(T2)、12~18 h(T3)及18~24 h(T4)4个时间段内按压静脉自控镇痛(PCA)按钮的次数,以及术后24、48和72 h内口服阿片类药物剂量,并记录术后麻醉相关的不良反应。结果:观察组术后3、6和12 h时疼痛水平均明显较对照组更低,其差异有统计学意义(t=2.181、3.113、3.073,P<0.05);观察组患者术后24、48和72 h内阿片类药物服用剂量显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.356、9.778、11.284,P<0.05),术后T1、T2时间段内按压PCA按钮的次数也显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.033、2.184,P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=4.562,P<0.05)。结论:在膝关节镜联合HTO手术麻醉中应用右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因股神经阻滞早期镇痛效果显著,患者术后阿片类药物口服量降低,且其术后麻醉相关不良反应的发生风险较小。