Analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)satellite is a small magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer developed cooperatively between China and Europe.It pioneers the use of X-ray imaging technology to perform large-scale imaging of the Earth’s magnetosheath and polar cusp regions.It uses a high-precision ultraviolet imager to image the overall configuration of the aurora and monitor changes in the source of solar wind in real time,using in situ detection instruments to improve human understanding of the relationship between solar activity and changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.The SMILE satellite is scheduled to launch in 2025.The European Incoherent Scatter Sciences Association(EISCAT)-3D radar is a new generation of European incoherent scatter radar constructed by EISCAT and is the most advanced ground-based ionospheric experimental device in the high-latitude polar region.It has multibeam and multidirectional quasi-real-time three-dimensional(3D)imaging capabilities,continuous monitoring and operation capabilities,and multiple-baseline interferometry capabilities.Joint detection by the SMILE satellite and the EISCAT-3D radar is of great significance for revealing the coupling process of the solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere.Therefore,we performed an analysis of the joint detection capability of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D,analyzed the period during which the two can perform joint detection,and defined the key scientific problems that can be solved by joint detection.In addition,we developed Web-based software to search for and visualize the joint detection period of the SMILE satellite and EISCAT-3D radar,which lays the foundation for subsequent joint detection experiments and scientific research.

The First Global Map of Atmospheric Ammonia(NH_(3)) as Observed by the HIRAS/FY-3D Satellite

Atmospheric ammonia(NH_(3)) is a chemically active trace gas that plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and climate change. Satellite remote sensing is a powerful technique to monitor NH_(3) concentration based on the absorption lines of NH_(3) in the thermal infrared region. In this study, we establish a retrieval algorithm to derive the NH_(3)column from the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder(HIRAS) onboard the Chinese Feng Yun(FY)-3D satellite and present the first atmospheric NH_(3) column global map observed by the HIRAS instrument. The HIRAS observations can well capture NH_(3) hotspots around the world, e.g., India, West Africa, and East China, where large NH_(3) emissions exist. The HIRAS NH_(3) columns are also compared to the space-based Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)measurements, and we find that the two instruments observe a consistent NH_(3) global distribution, with correlation coefficient(R) values of 0.28–0.73. Finally, some remaining issues about the HIRAS NH_(3) retrieval are discussed.

Integrating Highly Spatial Satellite Image for 3D Buildings Modelling Using Geospatial Algorithms and Architecture Environment

The growing demand for current and precise geographic information that pertains to urban areas has given rise to a significant interest in digital surface models that exhibit a high level of detail. Traditional methods for creating digital surface models are insufficient to reflect the details of earth’s features. These models only represent three-dimensional objects in a single texture and fail to offer a realistic depiction of the real world. Furthermore, the need for current and precise geographic information regarding urban areas has been increasing significantly. This study proposes a new technique to address this problem, which involves integrating remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and Architecture Environment software environments to generate a detailed three-dimensional model. The processing of this study starts with: 1) Downloading high-resolution satellite imagery; 2) Collecting ground truth datasets from fieldwork; 3) Imaging nose removing; 4) Generating a Two-dimensional Model to create a digital surface model in GIS using the extracted building outlines; 5) Converting the model into multi-patch layers to construct a 3D model for each object separately. The results show that the 3D model obtained through this method is highly detailed and effective for various applications, including environmental studies, urban development, expansion planning, and shape understanding tasks.

Capability of Fengyun-3D Satellite in Earth System Observation

From the viewpoint of earth system science,this paper discusses the observation capability of the second-generation of Chinese polar-orbiting,sun-synchronous operational meteorological satellite observation systems,Fengyun-3(FY-3),based on the function and performance test results from the FY-3 D satellite observation system in orbit.The FY-3 series of satellites have numerous remote sensing instruments and a wide range of imaging and sounding electromagnetic spectrometers onboard.These instruments can obtain reflectivity data for land surface,soil,vegetation,water body,snow cover,ocean color,and sea ice on earth’s surface over a wide spectral range,as well as information on the absorption and scattering radiative transfer of molecules and particles(clouds and aerosols)in earth’s atmosphere.All of these data can be used to retrieve physical and chemical information about the land,ocean,and atmosphere of the earth system.Comprehensive observation of the earth system by the FY-3 meteorological satellites is preliminarily realized.

Estimation of Terrestrial Net Primary Productivity in China from Fengyun-3D Satellite Data

Currently,the satellite data used to estimate terrestrial net primary productivity(NPP)in China are predominantly from foreign satellites,and very few studies have based their estimates on data from China’s Fengyun satellites.Moreover,despite their importance,the influence of land cover types and the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)on NPP estimation has not been clarified.This study employs the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford approach(CASA)model to compute the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and the maximum light use efficiency suitable for the main vegetation types in China in accordance with the finer resolution observation and monitoring-global land cover(FROM-GLC)classification product.Then,the NPP is estimated from the Fengyun-3D(FY-3D)data and compared with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)NPP product.The FY-3D NPP is also validated with existing research results and historical field-measured NPP data.In addition,the effects of land cover types and the NDVI on NPP estimation are analyzed.The results show that the CASA model and the FY-3D satellite data estimate an average NPP of 441.2 g C m^(−2) yr^(−1) in 2019 for China’s terrestrial vegetation,while the total NPP is 3.19 Pg C yr^(−1).Compared with the MODIS NPP,the FY-3D NPP is overestimated in areas of low vegetation productivity and is underestimated in high-productivity areas.These discrepancies are largely due to the differences between the FY-3D NDVI and MODIS NDVI.Compared with historical field-measured data,the FY-3D NPP estimation results outperformed the MODIS NPP results,although the deviation between the FY-3D NPP estimate and the in-situ measurement was large and may exceed 20%at the pixel scale.The land cover types and the NDVI significantly affected the spatial distribution of NPP and accounted for NPP deviations of 17.0%and 18.1%,respectively.Additionally,the total deviation resulting from the two factors reached 29.5%.These results show that accurate NDVI products and land cover types are important prerequisites for NPP estimation.

Algorithm for the Sea Surface Wind Imaging Products of Fengyun-3C Meteorological Satellite MWRI

This paper analyzes the sea surface backward thermal radiation data in the China Sea observed by the mmwave channel of FY3 MWRI, explains the reason for which the analysis method combined with multiple mmwave channels is conducive to wind inversion, uses the complex model of the two-scale randomly rough surface with foam scattering layer to calculate the backward heat emission, analyzes the different response characteristics of the thermal radiation characteristics of each channel with the change of the sea surface wind speed, and establishes the wind speed inversion model applying to the microwave radiometer, achieving better results than in previous studies. The sea surface medium-low wind speed precision standard deviation of new model reaches 1.2 m/s (0 - 15 m/s);the inversion strong wind data are consistent with the island fixed buoys data, and the global sea surface wind speed image schematic diagram is given.

Influences of Earth Incidence Angle on FY-3/MWRI SST Retrieval and Evaluation of Reprocessed SST

Sea surface temperature(SST)is a crucial physical parameter in meteorology and oceanography.This study demonstrates that the influence of earth incidence angle(EIA)on the SST retrieved from the microwave radiation imager(MWRI)onboard FengYun-3(FY-3)meteorological satellites should not be ignored.Compared with algorithms that do not consider the influence of EIA in the regression,those that integrate the EIA into the regression can enhance the accuracy of SST retrievals.Subsequently,based on the recalibrated Level 1B data from the FY-3/MWRI,a long-term SST dataset was reprocessed by employing the algorithm that integrates the EIA into the regression.The reprocessed SST data,including FY-3B/MWRI SST during 2010-2019,FY-3C/MWRI SST during 2013-2019,and FY-3D/MWRI SST during 2018-2020,were compared with the in-situ SST and the SST dataset from the Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Ice Analysis(OSTIA).The results show that the FY-3/MWRI SST data were consistent with both the in-situ SST and the OSTIA SST dataset.Compared with the Copernicus Climate Change Service V2.0 SST,the absolute deviation of the reprocessed SST,with a quality flag of 50,was less than 1.5℃.The root mean square errors of the FY-3/MWRI orbital,daily,and monthly SSTs,with a quality flag of 50,were approximately 0.82℃,0.69℃,and 0.37℃,respectively.The primary discrepancies between the FY-3/MWRI SST and the OSTIA SST were found mainly in the regions of the western boundary current and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.Overall,this reprocessed SST product is recommended for El Niño and La Niña events monitoring.

Digital Simulation Platform for Satellite Launch Mission Verification

To simulate the satellite launch mission under a general platform which could be used in a full-digital mode as well as in a semi-physical way, is an important way to certify the mission design performance as well as technical feasibilities, and it relates to complex system simulation methods such as multi-disciplinary coupling, multi-language modeling as well as interactive simulation and virtual simulation technologies. This paper introduces the design of a digital simulation platform for satellite launch mission verification.The platform has the advantages of high generality and extensibility, being easy to build up. The Functional Mockup Interface(FMI) Standard is adopted to achieve integration of multi-source models. A WebGL based 3D visual simulation tool is also adopted to implement the virtual display system which could display the rocket launch process and rocket-satellite separation with high fidelity 3D virtual scenes. A configuration tool was developed to map the 3D objects in the visual scene with simulation physical variables for complex rocket flight control mechanisms, which greatly improves the platform's generality and extensibility. Finally the real-time performance had been tested and the YL-1 launch mission was adopted to demonstrate the functions of the platform.The platform will be used to construct a digital twin system for satellite launch missions in the future.

移动新架构 3D新视界 东芝Satellite A660

随《阿凡达》的一炮走红，现在的好莱坞大片普遍都要打上3D的噱头增加卖点。可现实影院中大部分3D影片的效果都不尽如人意，特别是在色彩与对比度上明显不如普通影片好，打击了众多影迷的积极性。如果是影院的3D效果不好，你有没有想过自己在家组建3D影院呢。不用太复杂，东芝最新推出的SatelliteA660（以下简称A660）笔记本电脑不仅能让你在家独享3D大片的精彩，而且还能体验逼真的3D游戏。

超强内核3D笔记本 东芝Satellite A665—3DV

当前，i系列笔记本电脑风行．来自东芝的这款Satellite A665—3DV配置了Core i7-740QM四核的处理器．搭载了NVIDIA GeForce GTS350M 1GB显存显卡．采用4GBDDR3内存和D640GB硬盘．带蓝光康宝光驱．无处不彰显出该笔记本电脑的强劲配置。

更新的东芝 更新的3D——东芝3D笔记本电脑Satellite A660

当消费者对笔记本电脑的要求越来越高的时候，性能，尺寸，操控都是共有的诉求，但是特征化的需求才是市场上最为引人瞩目的焦点。自从美国立体大片《阿凡达》上映以来．3D立体影像则成为了市场的新宠．东芝最新推出3D笔记本的Satellite A660搭载了nVIDIA的立体幻镜系统．将3D立体影像从电影院搬回了家中．

Aerosol Data Assimilation Using Data from Fengyun-3A and MODIS:Application to a Dust Storm over East Asia in 2011

Aerosol optical depth （AOD） is the most basic paxalneter that describes the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols, and it can be used to indicate aerosol content. In this study, we assimilated AOD data from the Fengyun-3A （FY-3A） and MODIS meteorological satellite using the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation three-dimensional variational data assimilation system. Experiments were conducted for a dust storm over East Asia in April 2011. Each 0600 UTC analysis initialized a 24-h Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry model forecast. The results generally showed that the assimilation of satellite AOD observational data can significantly improve model aerosol mass prediction skills. The AOD distribution of the analysis field was closer to the observations of the satellite after assimilation of satellite AOD data. In addition, the analysis resulting from the experiment assimilating both FY-3A/MERSI （Medium-resolution Spectral Imager） AOD data and MODIS AOD data had closer agreement with the ground-based values than the individual assimilation of the two datasets for the dust storm over East Asia. These results suggest that the Chinese FY-3A satellite aerosol products can be effectively applied to numerical models and dust weather analysis.

Analysis of Remotely Sensed Imagery and Architecture Environment for Modelling 3D Detailed Buildings Using Geospatial Techniques

The use of three-dimensional maps is more effective than two-dimensional maps in representing the Earth’s surface. However, the traditional methods used to create digital surface models are not efficient for capturing the details of Earth’s features. This is because they represent only three-dimensional objects in a single texture and do not provide a realistic representation of the real world. Additionally, there is a growing demand for up-to-date and accurate geo-information, particularly in urban areas. To address this challenge, a new technique is proposed in this study that involves integrating remote sensing, Geographic Information System, and Architecture Environment software to generate a highly-detailed three-dimensional model. The method described in this study includes several steps such as acquiring high-resolution satellite imagery, gathering ground truth data, performing radiometric and geometric corrections during image preprocessing, producing a 2D map of the region of interest, constructing a digital surface model by extending the building outlines, and transforming the model into multi-patch layers to create a 3D model for each object individually. The research findings indicate that the digital surface model obtained with comprehensive information is suitable for different purposes, such as environmental research, urban development and expansion planning, and shape recognition tasks.

Railway Transport Infrastructure Monitoring by UAVs and Satellites

Improving the rail transport security requires development and implementation of neoteric monitoring and control facilities in conditions of increasing speed and intensity of the train movement and high level of terrorist threat. Use of Earth remote sensing (ERS), permitting to obtain information from large areas with a sufficiently high resolution, can provide significant assistance in solving the mentioned problems. This paper discusses the possibility of using various means of remote sensing such as satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), also known as drones, for receiving information in different ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. The paper states that joint using of both these means gives new possibilities in improving railroad security.

Geophysical Modeling with Satellite Gravity Data: Eigen-6C4 vs. GGM Plus

Satellite data sets are an asset in global gravity collections;their characteristics vary in coverage and resolution. New collections appear often, and the user must adapt fast to their characteristics. Their use in geophysical modeling is rapidly increasing;with this in mind we compare two of the most densely populated sets: EIGEN-6C4 and GGMplus. We characterize them in terms of their frequency histograms, Free Air anomalies, power spectrum, and simple Bouguer anomalies. The nature of the digital elevation models used for data reduction is discussed. We conclude that the GGMplus data set offers a better spatial resolution. To evaluate their effect in geophysical modelling, we chose an inland region with a prominent volcanic structure in which we perform 3D inversions of the respective Bouguer anomalies, obtaining density variations that in principle can be associated with the geologic materials and the structure of the volcanic edifice. Model results are analyzed along sections of the inverted data;we conclude that the GGMplus data set offers higher resolution in the cases analyzed.

3D机织复合材料卫星桁架接头的抗弯刚度研究

为了研制高性能复合材料卫星桁架接头,采用三维有限元分析技术,分析了三维整体织物增强的碳纤维卫星桁架接头三通制件的等效抗弯刚度和内部应力分布,并与制件的三点弯曲实测结果进行了对比.结果表明:三通制件的等效抗弯刚度可以用有限元软件快速、方便、准确地计算出来,并可提供制件任意部位的应力分布状态,为优化制件结构设计提供理论依据.弯曲破坏实验的破坏载荷未能真实地反映接头的最大抗弯破坏承载能力,3个方管的根部应力尚未达到材料的破坏极限.

Spatiotemporal Variations of Microwave Land Surface Emissivity(MLSE)over China Derived from Four-Year Recalibrated Fengyun 3B MWRI Data

Microwave Land Surface Emissivity(MLSE)over China under both clear and cloudy sky conditions was retrieved using measurements of recalibrated microwave brightness temperatures(Tbs)from Fengyun-3B Microwave Radiation Imager(FY-3B MWRI),combined with cloud properties derived from Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager(AHI)observations.The contributions from cloud particles and atmospheric gases to the upwelling Tbs at the top of atmosphere were calculated and removed in radiative transfer.The MLSEs at horizontal polarizations at 10.65,18.7,and 36.5 GHz during 7 July 2015 to 30 June 2019 over China showed high values in the southeast vegetated area and low values in the northwest barren,or sparsely vegetated,area.The maximum values were found in the belt area of the Qinling-Taihang Mountains and the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which is highly consistent with MLSEs derived from AMSR-E.It demonstrates that the measurements of FY-3B MWRI Tbs,including its calibration and validation,are reliable,and the retrieval algorithm developed in this study works well.Seasonal variations of MLSE in China are mainly driven by the combined effects of vegetation,rainfall,and snow cover.In tropical and southern forest regions,the seasonal variation of MLSE is small due to the enhancement from vegetation and the suppression from rainfall.In the boreal area,snow causes a significant decrease of MLSE at 36.5 GHz in winter.Meanwhile,the MLSE at lower frequencies experiences less suppression.In the desert region in Xinjiang,increases of MLSEs at all frequencies are observed with increasing snow cover.

东芝全球首款3D蓝光笔记本震撼上市

支持蓝光3D的笔记本终于来了!东芝于6月初宣布推出全球首个支持3D蓝光的笔记本Dynabook TX／98MBL（欧版名为Satellite A665），7月正式匕市。15．6英寸TruBrite LED背光显示屏，综合WinDVD BD和3D Vision，Nvidia GeForce GTS 350M显卡，以及1G的视频专用存储。

把3D带在身边

坦白而言，虽然3D市场火爆，大量3D电视机登陆家电卖场，但是3D片源的缺乏使得普通消费者往往只能在电影院才能享受到到3D的震撼视觉。如今，东芝Satellite A660 3D笔记本电脑的上市，让我们终于可以轻松地在家享受3D影视与游戏带来的真实快感了。

东非大裂谷的地壳和上地幔密度结构

利用卫星重力场数据和小波多尺度分析方法对东非大裂谷进行三维密度结构成像,取得了东非大裂谷地壳和上地幔多个深度等效层上的密度扰动图像,为东非大裂谷岩石圈结构和动力学的研究提供了重要佐证。结果表明,东非大裂谷中段的西支裂谷与东支裂谷的幔源熔体同源,但是西支裂谷发育较不充分、形成较晚。东非大裂谷的动力学模式为熔流体上涌的树形分叉模式,其要点包括:(1)低密度流体在软流圈大面积上涌;(2)流体在岩石圈继续上涌,部分转化为基性岩浆岩,平面面积缩小;(3)进入地壳后上涌熔流体分叉成多支,平面总面积进一步缩小;(4)熔流体上涌到上地壳后仅在裂谷带活动,反映为火山链和玄武岩带。