Analysis on Land Development and Consolidation in Mountainous Area——Land Development and Consolidation Project in Haiba Village of Fengjie County

The paper describes the land use situation in the project area from two aspects. Firstly, natural situation (landscape, temperature, soil hydrology, natural disasters); secondly, land use situation (land use structure, project construction scale, land area of different vegetation classes). Through the research on the land development and consolidation of Haiba Village of Fengjie County, the project is concluded and the implementation cases of the project are reduced from the following six aspects: land leveling project, water conservancy and irrigation, farmland road engineering, project management system, project funds management and completion and delivery of construction project. Besides, the social, ecological and economic interests obtained by the projects are analyzed, so as to provide reference for promoting land development and consolidation in the future.

Changes in Climatic Factors Influencing the Growth Period of Corn in Fengjie County

Under the background of global climate change,we analyze the change tendency of average temperature and amount of precipitation influencing the corn's growth period. The results show that from March to August,the monthly temperatures show an upward trend,but the rise is different in different months,and the maximum temperature rise is in May. Precipitation in different months has different trends. Climate change brings about favorable conditions at high altitudes in Fengjie,reduces production due to the temperature drop after the beginning of autumn,and increases the pressure on the corn supply.

Distribution, evolution and structural properties of Wushenqi paleo-uplift in Ordos Basin, NW China

This paper depicts the distribution of the Wushenqi paleo-uplift in the Ordos Basin by using the latest drilling and seismic data, and analyzes the tectonic evolution of the paleo-uplift with the support of Bischke curve and balanced section. The compressional Wushenqi paleo-uplift which developed in the Early Caledonian orogeny(Huaiyuan orogeny) is approximately a ellipse extending in S-N direction. Its long axis is about 194 km and short axis is about 55-94 km in nearly W-E direction. The denudation thickness and area of the Cambrian in the core are 170-196 m and 11 298 km^(2), respectively. It was mainly formed during the Huaiyuan orogeny according to the chronostratigraphic framework. It was in the embryonic stage in the Middle-Late Cambrian, denuded after developed obviously at the end of Late Cambrian. The paleo-uplift of the 3rd member of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation was reactivated and reduced in area. In the sedimentary period of the Ma 4 Member-pre-Carboniferous, the paleo-uplift experienced non-uniform uplift and denudation. It entered the stable period of burial and preservation in the Carboniferous and later period. The Wushenqi paleo-uplift was formed on the weak area of the basement and tectonic belts, into an compressional structure with irregular morphology, under the control of the non-coaxial compression in the south and north and the stress transmitted by the uplift in the basin. The Wushenqi paleo-uplift has a controlling effect on the sedimentary reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation.

Migration of paleo-uplift in southwestern Tarim Basin and its implications for orogenesis and reservoir development, NW China

Based on well horizon calibration,the typical seismic profiles in southwestern Tarim Basin were interpreted systematically,regional geological sections were established,and the regional denudation thickness of each tectonic period was restored.On this basis,the plane morphology maps of ancient structures of the Cambrian pre-salt dolomites in different periods were compiled,and the spatial distribution,development,evolution and migration of paleo-uplift in the late Early Paleozoic were analyzed.In the late Early Paleozoic,there existed a unified regional paleo-uplift widely distributed in southwestern Tarim Basin,which is called the southwestern Tarim plaeo-uplift.The“Tarim SW paleo-uplift”and“Hetian paleo-uplift”proposed in previous literatures are not independent,but the result of the spatio-temporal migration and evolution of the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift identified in this paper.The southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift emerged at the end of Middle Ordovician,and took its initial shape with increased amplitude in the Late Ordovician.During the Silurian,the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift rose steadily and expanded rapidly to the east,incorporating Pishan-Hetian and other areas,with the structural high locating in the Pishan-Hetian area.During the Devonian,the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift began to shrink gradually,to a limited range in the Pishan-Hetian area in the southern part of the basin.During the Carboniferous,the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift became an underwater uplift,that is,the paleo-uplift gradually died out.The southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift belongs to the forebulge of the southwestern Tarim foreland basin in the late Early Paleozoic,and its formation and evolution are related to the early Paleozoic orogeny of the West Kunlun orogenic belt in the south of the Tarim Basin.The migration of the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift from the northwestern part of the southwestern Tarim Basin to the Pishan-Hetian area indicates the early Paleozoic orogenic process of the West Kunlun orogenic belt,which started in the western section at the end of Middle Ordovician and extended from west to east in a“scissor”style.The migration and evolution of the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift controlled the development of unconformities at the end of Middle Ordovician,the end of Late Ordovician,and the end of Middle Devonian,and the spatial distribution of dissolved fracture-cave reservoirs in weathered crust below the unconformities in the southwest of Tarim Basin.The migration of the structural high of the southwestern Tarim paleo-uplift also played an important role in controlling the development of dissolved fracture-cave reservoirs in weathered crust.

Structural Characteristics and their Significance for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Northern Slope of the Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift

Based on 2D and 3D seismic data,the latest drilling data and field outcrop data of the northern slope of the Central Sichuan paleo-uplift,the structural analysis method is used to analyze unconformity development characteristics and fault characteristics during the key structural transformation period,discussing the influence of the structural characteristics on the hydrocarbon accumulation of deep carbonate rocks.The results show that:(1)The two key unconformities of the Tongwan and Caledonian periods were primarily developed in deep carbonate rocks.Firstly,Tongwan’s unconformities are characterized by regional disconformities between the second and third members of the Dengying Formation,the top formation of the Sinian and the lower Cambrian,strips of which zigzag through the north and south sides of the study area.Secondly,the Caledonian unconformity is characterized by a regional unconformable contact between the lower Permian and the ower Paleozoic strata.From NE to SW,the age of the strata,which were subject to erosion,changes from new to old,the denudation distribution showing as a nose-shaped structure which inclines towards the ENE.(2)Boundary fault and transtensional strike-slip faults developed in the Sinian to Paleozoic strata.In profile,there are three types of structural styles:steep and erect,flower structures,’Y’and reversed’Y’type faults.In plane view,the Sinian developed extensional boundary faults extending in an almost NS direction,strike-slip faults developing and extending linearly in approximately EW,WNW and NE strikes in the Cambrian,with characteristically more in the south and less in the north.(3)The faults in the northern slope show obvious zonal deformations in transverse view as well as significant stages and stratified activity in a longitudinal direction.Among them,the activity of faults in the Sinian was the strongest,followed by the activity in the Cambrian period,the activity intensity of faults in the Permian period being the weakest.This fault activity can be divided into four periods:Sinian,Cambrian-Permian,the early Indosinian period and the late Indosinian-Himalayan period,the transtensional strikeslip faults being the products of oblique extensions of pre-existing weak zones in the Xingkai and Emei taphrogenesis,with a particular inheritance in the main faults.(4)Combined with hydrocarbon accumulation factors,it is considered that the epigenetic karstification of the Tongwan and Caledonian unconformities in the northern slope controlled the formation and distribution of carbonate karst reservoirs over a large area,also acting as a good pathway for oil and gas migration.The extensional faults developed at the margin of the NS trending rift,controlling the sag-platform sedimentary pattern in the Dengying Formation of the Sinian.Strike-slip faults in NE,WNW and ENE directions may control the microgeomorphological pattern inside the platform and intensify the differential distribution of grain beach facies.The multi-stage hereditary activity of strike-slip faults not only improved the porosity and permeability of the reservoirs,but also acted as the main channel of oil and gas migration,providing favorable conditions for the development of the current multi-layer gasbearing scenario in the northern slope of the Central Sichuan Basin.

Natural gas geology and exploration direction of the Cambrian Lower Canglangpu Member in central Sichuan paleo-uplift,Sichuan Basin,SW China

Based on drilling data of JT1 and CS1,outcrop profiles and seismic data,the sedimentary pattern,space configuration of source-reservoir-cap combinations and paleouplift evolution characteristics of the Cambrian Lower Canglangpu Member in the central Sichuan paleouplift have been investigated to determine the favorable exploration zones.Controlled by Deyang-Anyue rift,the Lower Canglangpu Member features differential characteristics from east to west in sedimentary framework.In the west side of the Deyang-Anyue rift,this member is composed of clastic sediments,while in the east side of the Deyang-Anyue rift,it is fresh water shelf sediments,with grain beaches occurring along edges of the depressions,shelf and lagoon.Among the beaches,the dolomitic ones are mainly distributed around the depression edge and in the north of the lagoon.The beach sediments could become high quality reservoirs under the effect of karstification.Underlying the Lower Canglangpu Member is the widespread source rock of the Qiongzhusi Formation,so oil and gas generated by the Qiongzhusi Formation source rock can directly charge into the beach reservoirs.The sandy mudstone of the Upper Canglangpu Member can serve as the caprock of the Lower Canglangpu Member reservoir.The dolomitic beaches are located at the higher part of the paleo-uplift during the main accumulation period,with good hydrocarbon accumulation elements.Blocks PT1-CS1,HT1-GT2 and east GT2 are favorable exploration zones.

Structural patterns of fault damage zones in carbonate rocks and their influences on petroleum accumulation in Tazhong Paleo-uplift, Tarim Basin, NW China

Based on the outcrop survey,3D seismic data interpretation,drilling data analysis,the structural patterns and distribution of fault damage zones in carbonate strata of Tazhong Paleo-uplift were established to reveal the oil and gas enrichment law in the fault damage zones.The following findings were reached:(1)Through the filed survey,the fault damage zone system consists of fault core,damage zone with branch fault and fracture network.Affected by the active nature of the major faults,the fault damage zones differ in planar pattern and scale along the major faults.(2)3D seismic profiles reveal that there are three types of fault damage zones in carbonate strata in Tazhong paleo-uplift,strike-slip fault damage zones,thrust fault damage zones and superimposed fault damage zones.Featuring3 flowers and 3 root belts in vertical,the strike-slip fault damage zone can be subdivided into linear type,oblique type,feather type and horsetail type in plane.Thrust fault damage zones can be further divided into fault anticline type,anticline type and slope type.As the superimposition result of the above two kinds of fault damage zones,superimposed fault damage zones appear in three patterns,intersect type,encompassment type and penetrating type.(3)Cores from wells and geochemical data show oil and gas may migrate along the major fault and laterally.The feather type in strike-slip fault system,fault anticline type in thrust fault damage zone and intersect type in superimposed fault damage zone are possible sites for high production and efficiency wells.

时序InSAR解析消落带区域岸坡地表形变及其水要素影响

消落带区域多发生地质灾害,因此理清库水位、降雨等因素在消落带区域地表形变中的作用对于地质灾害预警及防治具有重要意义。为此,采用短基线集差分干涉测量技术对三峡库区奉节段2018年7月—2020年7月的63景Sentinel-1A升轨影像进行地表形变反演,结合地面监测点进行对比界定,通过形变量-库水位-月降雨量的时间序列图进行水要素分析。获得结论如下:①库水位变化和降雨是造成地表形变的重要因素,库水位变化对坡体影响主要体现在浮托减重效应和坡体内外的水位差,而降雨会减弱坡体的抗剪强度同时增加坡体自重进一步增加形变;②库水位变化快则地表形变大,库水位变化慢则地表形变小;③降雨与地表形变成正比,极强降雨时降雨完全主导着地表形变;④研究区地表总体稳定,但消落带邻近区域发现2个形变异常区域:异常区域年形变速率超过30 mm/a,区域内最高形变速率可达89 mm/a。结论具有较强的理论和实用价值,可为消落带区域地质灾害精准防治提供科学支撑。

奉节脐橙产业数字化提升路径研究

基于奉节县脐橙产业的调查研究,总结了脐橙产业转型中的数字化实践经验,分析了转型过程中的难点,并提出了解决措施。结果表明:奉节脐橙产业运用大数据、物联网、云计算等数字技术在脐橙的生产、管理、销售等全过程开展了数字化行动,带动了当地脐橙产业的标准化、专业化、规模化、智能化发展;在推进数字化过程中,奉节县面临着数字化人才缺乏、资金投入不足、各主体协作不充分以及创新乏力等问题,亟需从完善政策体系、培养复合型人才、调整财政投入、促进科研创新以及强化新型农业经营主体等方面推进脐橙产业数字化提档升级。

重庆奉节县肉牛产业现状调查及发展思路探讨

奉节县属四川盆地东部山地地貌,境内山地面积占总面积的88.3%,牧草资源丰富,是农业部划定的牛羊优势产区。近年来,当地农民发展肉牛养殖的积极性高,发展规模不断壮大,产业链条不断延长,但也存在养殖品种不优、牧草生产和加工应用不配套等问题,需要建立良繁体系,引进培育龙头带动和强化技术支撑。

重庆市奉节县柑橘施肥现状调查与评价

为了解三峡重庆库区的奉节县柑橘施肥现状及农户养分资源管理中存在的问题,对2012—2013年测土配方施肥项目的175户调查数据进行分析和评价。结果表明:奉节县柑橘化肥氮磷钾投入量分别为678kg/hm2、450kg/hm2和571.5kg/hm2,氮磷钾投入比例为1∶0.66∶0.84,氮磷钾投入量较大,投入比例不合理。奉节县仅34.86%的果园施用有机肥,有机肥施用不足造成产品品质和售价较低,随化肥氮钾投入量的增加,产量呈先增后减趋势,说明在生产上要合理施肥,同时提倡施用有机肥,以利于柑橘优质高产生产。

重庆市奉节天坑地缝岩溶景观特征及评价

天坑地缝风景名胜区位于重庆市奉节县南部,发育有小寨天坑、天井峡地缝式岩溶峡谷等独特的岩溶景观。多次中外联合探险和地质科学综合调查发现,它们发育在一个流域面积280km2、落差1600m的岩溶水文地貌系统中,前者深662m,口径626m,容积11900万m3;后者延续长度6162m,最大深度229m,最小宽度1m。与世界同类型岩溶景观对比分析,得出以下结论:小寨天坑是目前世界上形态典型、规模最大的天坑,天井峡地缝属较为罕见的地缝式岩溶峡谷。它们具有较高的美学观赏价值和科学研究价值,是一种珍贵的岩溶地质遗迹和景观旅游资源,具有稀缺性、典型性、系统性和不可再生性的自然遗产属性,具有进入世界自然遗产的自然条件。

三峡水库水位涨落条件下奉节南桥头滑坡稳定性分析

三峡大坝建成后,水库将分期蓄水抬高水位,蓄水后库区水位将上抬100多米。由于防洪的需要,库水位将在175～145m范围内变动。库水位的抬升和周期性涨落,将改变岸坡原有的水-岩作用环境与条件,有可能引起库岸边坡与滑坡的失稳。南桥头滑坡位于三峡库区奉节县长江公路大桥南岸,其稳定性直接关系到大桥的安全运行。应用FLAC^(40)对南桥头滑坡在不同水位及涨落条件下的渗流场与应力场进行分析,研究了应力-渗流耦合作用下滑坡体的变形趋势与破坏特征;探讨了不同蓄水工况下滑坡稳定性的变化规律及其对桥基的影响。结果表明:南桥头滑坡在现状条件下处于基本稳定状态;三峡水库蓄水后,随着水位的抬升,滑坡整体稳定性逐渐恶化;滑带内塑性区全部连通,滑坡安全系数小于1.0,表明该滑坡在库水位抬升后有可能产生整体失稳。建议采取有效的工程治理措施,消除滑坡对大桥运行造成的安全隐患。

奉节脐橙树体营养状况研究

为了解重庆三峡库区奉节县脐橙树体营养状况,2010—2013年对该县7个主产乡镇的191个脐橙园的当年生春梢营养枝叶片营养元素含量进行了分析。结果表明,树体营养元素失衡较严重。总体上,在叶片大中量元素中,N含量充足且以过剩(偏高或过量)为主,过剩比例为58.11%;P含量以适宜和偏高为主,比例分别为59.16%和31.94%;K含量以偏低为主,含量不足(缺乏或者偏低)的比例为56.03%;Ca含量以适宜和过剩为主,比例分别为62.83%和30.89%;Mg和S含量不足的比例分别为31.94%和26.70%。在微量元素中,Fe含量最为丰富,含量不足的比例仅5.76%;Mn和B处于适宜范围的果园比例也较高,分别为70.68%和62.07%;Zn含量最为缺乏,含量不足的比例高达82.20%;Cu含量不足的果园也较高,占51.84%。奉节脐橙生产上应该重视补充锌肥,适量补充钾、镁和铜肥。

植物学性状参与脐橙果实油斑病调控的矿质营养代谢机制研究

对红橘砧奉节72-1脐橙正常和油斑病发生较严重的挂果枝植物学性状以及挂果枝所在营养枝功能叶片和果皮N、P、K、Ca含量进行了分析,探讨植物学性状对矿质元素代谢调控与柑橘果实油斑病发生的关系。结果发现奉节72-1脐橙果实油斑病的发生与果枝植物学性状和果枝所在功能叶片矿质营养N、K和Ca含量有紧密的关系,果枝长度6～15cm、果枝叶数7～10枚、挂果数2～3个果实油斑病程度较轻。红桔砧奉节72-1脐橙果实油斑病程度较重的挂果枝所在营养枝功能叶片和果皮中N、K和Ca含量均显著低于油斑病程度较轻的植株,呈显著或极显著负相关,而与叶片和果皮中P的含量均未达显著水平。

三峡水库区奉节县典型岩质斜坡变形破坏模式及成因机制分析

从奉节地区所处的区域地质构造背景出发,充分分析研究该地区斜坡的物质成分组成、结构特征、岩层组合特点,同时考虑长江河谷的发育变迁对该地区地形地貌变化的影响,将研究区斜坡结构划分为以下6种类型:顺倾坚硬岩层斜坡、顺倾软弱岩层斜坡、顺倾软硬岩互层斜坡,反倾坚硬岩层斜坡、反倾软弱岩层斜坡、反倾软硬岩互层斜坡。论文从斜坡变形破坏形态入手,归纳、总结了以上6种类型斜坡的变形破坏模式和特点:总体上看,坚硬岩层组成的斜坡以断裂、崩塌变形破坏为主,而软弱岩层组成的斜坡以弯曲、滑动、塑性流动变形破坏为主。由于岩性本身存在强度差异,而且由于不同的岩层组合,及其与不同坡向的组合,造成各类斜坡的变形破坏又独具特点。通过分析研究,认为重力作用、降雨及地下水作用、河流冲刷作用是造成研究区斜坡发生变形破坏的主要原因。对于所划分的不同结构类型的斜坡,以上3种动力地质作用的效果也不尽相同,最终在各种作用相互影响下,形成了奉节地区复杂多样的斜坡变形破坏模式。

实验室5%HCl条件下泥灰岩溶蚀形态特征分析——以四川奉节地区三叠系中统巴东组泥灰岩为例

为了研究岩溶作用过程中泥灰岩溶蚀形态的特征,采用试验分析和室内镜像观察的方法,研究了四川奉节地区三叠系中统巴东组泥灰岩的溶蚀过程及微观溶蚀形态变化。结果表明:泥灰岩的溶蚀作用受不同因素的影响,特别是受节理裂隙发育的影响,形成多种不同的溶蚀形态,包括树枝状、环状及放射状、串珠状、分散状和生物壳状。泥灰岩在溶蚀过程中,可溶物质不断被溶解,大量的泥质物逐渐脱落并被水流动带走,致使泥灰岩的物质成分发生变化的同时,岩石结构也不断弱化。

重庆奉节天坑地缝喀斯特地质遗迹及发育演化

小寨天坑、天井峡地缝式喀斯特峡谷位于重庆市奉节县南部深切割峰丛谷地区,发育在一个流域面积280km2,落差1600m的喀斯特水文系统中,与巨大的地下河相连。前者深662m,口径626m,容积119×106m3,是目前世界上规模最大的天坑;后者长6162m,最大深度229m,最小宽度1m,为世界上罕见的地缝式喀斯特峡谷,具有很高的美学观赏价值和科研价值。天坑、地缝的形成条件,需要有连续沉积厚度巨大的碳酸盐岩层和平缓的岩层产状、高强度水动力作用地下河的存在、地表深切和地表地下排水基准面的长期大幅度下降、厚度相当大的包气带、地表与地下喀斯特作用协同等。天坑、地缝主要形成于峡谷期(三峡期),经历了3个演化阶段,即宽缓河流谷地阶段、峡谷及天坑地缝形成阶段和现代河谷持续深切阶段。

基于信息熵的典型滑坡危险度评价研究

为了定量地对典型滑坡危险度进行评价,根据典型滑坡的强度指标和发生可能性指标建立典型岩质滑坡危险度评价指标体系,利用信息熵原理,结合中国科学院成都山地所滑坡数据库(CDM I)中奉节县24个典型岩质滑坡计算各评价因子客观权重,建立定量评价模型。计算奉节县24个典型岩质滑坡的危险度,通过实地调查对评价结果进行对比验证,危险度评价结果准确率达87.5%,可作为评价典型滑坡危险度的新方法进行推广运用,为滑坡的防治提供依据。

基于“3S”技术的奉节县喀斯特石漠化调查及精度评价

石漠化问题是我国西南地区生态环境建设的难点和重点.以TM遥感图像为基础,用实地调查与3S技术相结合,以人机交互式判读为主的方法,对奉节县石漠化现状进行解译并得出分级结果.采用混淆误差矩阵和相对误差法对分级结果作精度评价.结果显示,在全县2 198.88 km2碳酸盐岩层中,无石漠化面积为683.70 km2,潜在石漠化面积741.25 km2,石漠化面积773.92 km2,石漠化发生率为35.2%.其中轻度、中度、强度、极强度石漠化面积分别为266.74 km2、312.48 km2、178.60 km2、16.10 km2,占土地总面积的6.5%,7.6%,4.4%、0.4%.石漠化强度分级结果的总精度为95.3%,图斑面积平均相对误差为1.96%,调查结果符合精度要求.