Degradation and mineralization of aniline by O_3/Fenton process enhanced using high-gravity technology

The degradation and mineralization of aniline （AN） using ozone combined with Fenton reagent （O3/Fenton） in a rotating packed bed （RPB） was proposed in this study, and the process （RPB-O3/Fenton） was compared with conventional O3/Fenton in a stirred tank reactor （STR-O3/Fenton） or single ozonation in an RPB （RPB-O3）, Effects of high gravity factor, H2O2 dosage, H2O2 dosing method and initial pH on the AN mineralization efficiency were investigated in the RPB-O3/Fenton process, In addition, the behavior of Fe（Ⅱ） was monitored at different H2O2 dosing methods and pH values. Finally, the optimal operation conditions were determined with high gravity factor of 100, initial pH of 5, Fe（Ⅱ） concentration of 0.8 mmol·L-1 and H2O2 dosage of 2.5 ml. Under these conditions, for aniline wastewater at the volume of I L and concentration of 200 mg· L- 1 ,a fast and thorough decay of AN was conducted in 10 min, and the TOC removal efficiency reached 89% in 60 min. The main intermediates of p-benzoquinone, nitrobenzene, maleic acid and oxalic acid were identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy （LC/MS）, and the degradation pathways of AN in RPB-O3/Fenton system were proposed based on experimental evidence. It could be envisioned that high-gravity technology combined with O3/Fenton processes would be promising in the rapid and efficient mineralization ofwastewater.

Removal of citrate and hypophosphite binary components using Fenton,photo-Fenton and electro-Fenton processes

Both citrate and hypophosphite in aqueous solution were degraded by advanced oxidation processes （Fe^2＋/H2O2, UV/Fe^2＋/H2O2, and electrolysis/Fe^2＋/H2O2） in this study. Comparison of these techniques in oxidation efficiency was undertaken. It was found that Fenton process could not completely degrade citrate in the presence of hypophosphite since it caused a series inhibition. Therefore, UV light （photo-Fenton） or electron current （electro-Fenton） was applied to improve the degradation efficiency of the Fenton process. Results showed that both photo-Fenton and electro-Fenton processes could overcome the inhibition of hypophosphite, especially the electro-Fenton.

电芬顿法(Electro-Fenton Process)处理废水

电芬顿法(electro-Fenton)是在Fenton试剂的基础上,在二价铁离子(Fe2+)和过氧化氢(H2O2)作用下,产生强氧化性的羟基自由基(●OH)并由其氧化难降解废水,其中Fe2+和H2O2分别由电化学过程产生。本文概述了电芬顿过程的基本原理,通过介绍国内外电芬顿的发展情况,详细介绍了电芬顿的影响因素,包括pH、阴极电极、催化剂及其他因素等,并展望了其未来的发展方向。

Investigations on the Degradation of Triazine Herbicides in Water by Photo-Fenton Process

In this work, the degradation of 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine in aqueous solutions by photo-Fenton process has been investigated. The preliminary results have shown that the degradation of 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine by photo-Fenton process is more rapid and more effective than Fenton and UV/H2O2 processes. The effects of certain experimental parameters on kinetics and efficiency of the degradation of 2-chloro-4,6,-diamino-1,3,5-triazine by photo-Fenton process, have been evaluated. Under optimal conditions, photo-Fenton process achieved more than 90% of chloride release and about 30% of nitrate formation. The results of total organic carbon (TOC) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) analyses have shown that no carbon dioxide and ammonia are formed during photo-Fenton treatment of aqueous solutions containing 40 mg/L triazine. These results indicate that only substituent groups of triazine ring are released;however, nitrogen atoms of triazine ring remain unaffected. A simple mechanism of degradation of 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine has been proposed. The degradation starts by a rapid release of chlorine atoms as chloride ions to form 2-hydroxy-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine. The amino groups of 2-hydroxy-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine undergo are oxidized into nitro groups by hydroxyl radicals to form 2-hydroxy-4,6-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine which undergoes a slow release of nitro groups and their substitution with hydroxyl groups to form cyanuric acid and nitrate ions. The degradation of cyanuric acid by photo-Fenton process has also been investigated. The results of TOC and TKN analyzes show that no carbon dioxide is formed during the treatment.

Reuse of Ferric Sludge by Ferrous Sulfide in the Fenton Process for Nonylphenol Ethoxylates Wastewater Treatment

In this paper, Fenton process was determined to be an effective technique to treat the refractory Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) wastewater. The COD removal efficien-cies above 89% were obtained when the initial COD concentration was 12000mg/L. However, A large number of ferric sludge (SS=8.724g/L) would be produced after the Fenton oxidation of the wastewater and must be disposed appropriately. A novel process for Fenton sludge reused by low-cost ferrous sulfide (FeS) was also investi-gated. Experimental results show that the Fenton sludge could be reduced to produce a certain amount of Fe2+ in the acidic mixed liquor by ferrous sulfide. This mixed liquor from Fenton sludge could be used as the new catalyst in the Fenton process and was also highly effective for the NPEOs wastewater treatment. The residual ferrous sulfide from the mixed liquor could be used for the next batch of the

Life cycle assessment of homogeneous Fenton process as pretreatment for refractory pharmaceutical wastewater

The applicability of the life cycle assessment(LCA)to the Fenton process should be considered not only at the laboratory-scale but also at the full-scale.In this study,the LCA process was applied to evaluate the homo-geneous Fenton process for the treatment of high salinity pharmaceutical wastewater.The potential environmental impacts were calculated using Simapro software implemen-ting the CML 2001 methodology with normalization factors of 1995 world.Foreground data obtained directly from the full-scale wastewater treatment plant and labora-tory were used to conduct a life cycle inventory analysis,ensuring highly accurate results.By normalized results,the Fenton process reveals sensitive indicators,primarily toxi-city indicators(human toxicity,freshwater aquatic toxicity,and marine aquatic toxicity),as well as acidification and eutrophication impacts,contributed by hydrogen peroxide and iron sludge incineration,respectively.Overall,hydrogen peroxide and iron sludge incineration contribute significantly,accounting for at least 78%of these indicators.In sludge treatment phase,treatment of iron mud and infrastructure of hazardous waste incineration plants were the key contributors of environmental impacts,adding up to more than 95%.This study suggests the need to develop efficient oxidation processes and effective iron sludge treatment methods to reduce resource utilization and improve environmental benefits.

Synthesis of plant-based biogenic jarosite nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus gunni leaf extracts and its application in Fenton degradation of dicamba

Bio-jarosite,an iron mineral synthesized biologically using bacteria,is a substitute for iron catalysts in the Fenton oxidation of organic pollutants.Iron nanocatalysts have been widely used as Fenton catalysts because they have a larger surface area than ordinary catalysts,are highly recyclable,and can be treated efficiently.This study aimed to explore the catalytic properties of bio-jarosite iron nanoparticles syn-thesized with green methods using two distinct plant species:Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus gunni.The focus was on the degradation of dicamba via Fenton oxidation.The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited different particle size,shape,surface area,and chemical composition characteristics.Both particles were effective in removing dicamba,with removal efficiencies of 96.8%for A.indica bio-jarosite iron nano-particles(ABFeNPs)and 93.0%for E.gunni bio-jarosite iron nanoparticles(EBFeNPs)within 120 min of treatment.Increasing the catalyst dosage by 0.1 g/L resulted in 7.6%and 43.0%increases in the dicamba removal efficiency for EBFeNPs and ABFeNPs with rate constants of 0.025 min^(-1) and 0.023 min^(-1),respectively,confrming their catalytic roles.Additionally,the high efficiency of both catalysts was demonstrated through five consecutive cycles of linear pseudo-first-order Fenton oxidation reactions.

Combination of the direct electro-Fenton process and bioremediation for the treatment of pyrene-contaminated soil in a slurry reactor

A combined treatment technology （DEF-BIO） using the direct electro-Fenton （DEF） process and bioremediation （BIO） was established in this study. The performance of the DEF-BIO process on the remediation of a pyrene （PYR）-contaminated soil was evaluated in a slurry reactor. The appropriate order of application was to conduct the DEF process followed by BIO, evaluated through analysis of the degradation characteristics of each process individually. In addition, the application time of the DEF process affected the efficiency of the combined process. The optimum time to apply the DEF process was determined through an analysis of the induced changes in PYR intermediates, pH, soil organic matter （SOM） and bacteria. The optimum application time of the DEF process was 6 h. All the induced changes were beneficial for the BIO phase. The removal of PYR was 91.02% for DEF- BIO after 72h, and the efficiency was almost 50% increased, compared with the individual DEF and BIO treatments. Therefore, the combined process of DEF-BIO process may be an efficient and promising method for the remediation.

Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing recalcitrant compounds in a Fenton-coagulation process

The advanced treatment using integrated Fenton＇s reaction and coagulation process was investigated in this study. Before the advancement, the pharmaceutical wastewater containing lincomycin hydrochloride was pretreated by UASB （upflow anaerobic sludge bed） and a SBR （sequencing batch reactor） process. The residual recalcitrant compounds, measured by gas chromatographymass spectrometry （GC-MS）, mainly consisted of alcohols, phenols, and nitrogenous and sulfur compounds. The experimental results indicated that when the Fenton＇s reaction was conducted at pH=3.0, H2O2CODOcr=0.27, H2O2/Fe^2＋=3：1 and 30 min of reaction time, and the coagulation process operated at a sulfate aluminum concentration of 800 mg/L and pH value of 5.0, the color and COD in the wastewater decreased by 94% and 73%, respectively; with a finale COD concentration of 267 mg/L and color level of 40 units, meeting the secondary standard of GB8978-1996 for industrial wastewater.

Kinetics of Degradation of Eosin Y by One of the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)—Fenton’s Process

Kinetics of homogeneous degradation of Eosin Y (EY), also known as Acid red 87 (CI 45380), are studied, mostly using Fenton’s process, at 30℃ by monitoring its absorbance at 517 nm (λmax of EY). This process is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Mixture of H2O2 and Fe(II) ion in acetate buffer medium (pH 2.74 - 4.56) generates hydroxyl free radicals (?OH) which attack the dye molecules, resulting in degradation of the dye molecules. Results show that the initial rate of EY degradation decreases with the increasing of solution pH because of removal of kinetically important Fe (iron) species through formation of ferric hydroxide. On the other hand, the rate increases with increasing the concentrations of H2O2, Fe(II) and EY at low solution pH. The initial rate increases with increasing of concentration of H2O2 and, subsequently remains unaffected with further increase of its concentration at a constant Fe(II) concentration because of the enhanced scavenging environment created by H2O2 at its higher concentration. The initial rate also increases with increasing of concentration of Fe(II) at a constant H2O2 concentration and remains unaffected with its further increase. EY concentration also enhances the initial rate at low pH. However, the initial rate is significantly enhanced by UV light. This is because of formation of additional hydroxyl radicals through excitation of the dye molecules by UV light. During the period of experiment, EY in aqueous solution alone hardly suffered any degradation. Degradation mechanism of EY by the Fenton and photo-Fenton’s processes is also discussed. Statistical analysis was used to validate the experimental results. Low values of the standard deviation for both the initial rate and % degradation indicated the consistency of the experimental data.

Fenton氧化法处理工业废水的研究及应用进展

工业生产中排出的有机废水需要被处理,而Fenton氧化法目前在工业废水处理方面有极高的研究价值。阐述了传统Fenton氧化法的作用机理,进而类比衍生Fenton法(光-Fenton法、电-Fenton法、超声-Fenton法、微波-Fenton法)的应用及适用条件。针对不同的有机污染物,未来Fenton技术仍需不断创新。

铁铜双金属复合类Fenton催化剂的制备及用于处理阿莫西林模拟废水研究

针对粉末状类Fenton催化剂难以回收再利用的难题,采用煅烧法制备球形铁铜双金属复合催化剂,优化了催化剂制备条件(成分配比、煅烧条件和氮气流量),表征了催化剂的表面形态,考查了阿莫西林降解动力学,探讨了催化剂催化机理,并利用以该催化剂为核心的类Fenton催化体系处理阿莫西林模拟废水。反应在最优条件下阿莫西林去除率可达到99.9%。

基于混凝-Fenton-A/O联合工艺的环氧树脂生产废水处理研究

某工业园区的废水原始排放已满足排放标准,但需要满足更严格的纳管要求。为了进一步提高生产废水处理效能,研究采用了混凝-Fenton-A/O联合工艺进行小规模试验。通过对混凝-Fenton-A/O联合工艺处理环氧树脂生产废水指标进行连续检测,出水COD、氨氮、BOD_(5)去除率分别为92.9%、75%、87.7%,出水指标均满足工业废水纳管标准。

基于Fenton氧化法的垃圾渗滤液处理研究进展

Fenton氧化法是一种高效的污水处理技术,能够有效地处理垃圾渗滤液。本文综述Fenton氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究进展,分析Fenton氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液的原理,并探讨它们的优缺点,展望发展前景,以更好地将Fenton氧化法应用于垃圾渗滤液处理领域。

UV/Fenton/均相铜类Fenton氧化处理紫菜加工废水COD及色度研究

以COD和色度作为评价指标,采用均相Fenton、Cu-Fenton、UV/Fenton、UV/Cu-Fenton体系处理紫菜加工废水,探究了在室温条件下不同初始pH值、Fe^(2+)和Cu^(2+)投加量、H_(2)O_(2)投加量等因素对出水COD和色度的去除效果,通过正交试验确定了最佳反应条件,同时对反应机理进行了分析。分析显示羟基自由基(·OH)是UV/Fenton/均相铜类Fenton体系去除紫菜废水中COD及色度的主要活性基团。在最佳反应条件下,UV/Fenton体系在100 min时出水COD为40 mg/L,色度为25,比无UV时最佳反应时间缩短了50 min;UV/Cu-Fenton体系,在60 min时出水COD为35 mg/L,色度为20,比无UV时最佳反应时间缩短了一半,UV/Fenton体系和UV/Cu-Fenton体系出水COD及色度均能达标排放。

“BBR+Fenton+BAF”工艺在南方某餐厨 垃圾沼液处理中的应用

餐厨垃圾湿式厌氧发酵后的沼液处理难度较大,设计“BBR+Fenton+BAF”工艺用于南方地区某沼液处理站。该工艺与常用工艺相比,具有处理效果好、处理成本低、节省碳源、不产生浓缩液、除臭效果好等优点,在沼液处理行业将会有较好的应用前景。

Fenton-混凝沉淀法处理焦化废水的研究

对焦化废水采用预氧化(Fenton)-混凝沉淀法进行处理,主要研究了以氯化铁、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为混凝剂的混凝沉淀法和Fenton氧化-混凝法的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:Fenton-混凝沉淀法处理焦化废水时,色度、COD、NH3-N去除率分别是84.3%、92.9%、96.2%,均达到国家标准。采用Fenton-混凝沉淀法时处理焦化废水的效率高于单独采用化学混凝法时的处理效率。

微电解-Fenton工艺预处理难降解染料废水研究

研究了微电解-Fenton工艺对难降解染料工业废水预处理效果,在提高染料废水可生化的同时实现有机物去除.通过对提高废水可生化性和有机物去除率因素的优选,确定了工艺的最佳技术参数和操作条件.结果表明:当pH=2,Fe/GAC体积比为1,反应时间60 min;H2O2采用连续投加方式,投加量为0.4%,pH=3,反应时间为30 min的条件下,可使废水的BOD5/COD质量浓度比由0.08提高到0.46,有机物(COD)去除率达75%以上.微电解-Fenton工艺能够有效改善难降解染料废水的可生化性和实现有机物的去除,并且操作简单,运行稳定,适宜于该废水的预处理.

超声／Fenton联用技术处理垃圾渗滤液中的有机物

详细研究了超声/Fenton联用技术对垃圾渗滤液中有机物的处理效果。研究内容包括:超声波频率对垃圾渗滤液色度和COD去除率的影响,超声波功率对垃圾渗滤液色度和COD去除率的影响以及Fenton试剂用量和pH值对垃圾渗滤液色度去除率和COD去除率的影响。还利用一次正交回归实验确定了超声/Fenton联用技术处理垃圾渗滤液的优化条件,并在优化条件的基础上,对超声波技术、Fenton高级氧化技术和超声/Fenton联用技术对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果进行比较研究。研究结果表明:超声/Fenton联用技术对垃圾渗滤液的色度去除率和COD去除率最高,其色度去除率接近100%,COD去除率达到73.5%。超声/Fenton联用技术处理垃圾渗滤液的优化条件是:超声频率为28 kHz,超声功率为75W,Fe2+浓度为280 mg/L,H2O2浓度为1.29×104mg/L,pH值为2.5。超声波的频率、功率和Fenton试剂用量之间存在优化匹配值。

Fenton及其联合法处理有机废水的研究进展

Fenton法是高级氧化技术的典型代表。采用Fenton法及其各种联合方法处理难降解有机废水,是水处理领域的一个研究重点。综述了Fenton法、超声波Fenton法、电Fenton法、光Fenton法、微波Fenton法等处理有机废水的研究进展,介绍了各种废水处理方法的特点及应用实例,并探讨了各方法存在的问题及今后的研究方向。