Maritime transportation, widely used both in international transport of goods and touristic purposes, has been identified as a significant source of ultrafine particles (UFP). In-land passenger ferry is a source of UF...Maritime transportation, widely used both in international transport of goods and touristic purposes, has been identified as a significant source of ultrafine particles (UFP). In-land passenger ferry is a source of UFP far less addressed;however, in locations with relatively high frequency of this transportation mode, it is expected that they contribute to an increase of their concentration. Moreover, the negative effects of UFP on human health and environment are known and therefore, monitoring UFP produced by ferries is vital to assess the degree of exposure of who work or live close to ferries’ terminals or downwind to their cruising path. This work aims to study the influence of in-land ferries activities on UFP in the urban/suburban areas near ferries’ terminals and downwind across the cruising path. The UFP monitoring campaign was carried out from September to December 2018 for 19 non-consecutive periods. The sampling sites were chosen in order to maximize measurements under downwind conditions and allow the association between ferry operation and UFP concentration response. Based on data collected, correlation analysis was performed between ferry’s traffic and particle number counting (PNC) of UFP, and also with meteorological variables. Results show an increase in PNC ranging from 25 to 197% during the third minute around a ferry movement and are moderate to positive significant correlations between PNC values and the number of ferry operations (r = 0.79 to r = 0.94), showing that UFP emitted by in-land ferries contributes to PNC increase. Moreover, negative correlations (r = -0.85 to r = -0.93) between PNC and wind intensity were also found.展开更多
Fast ferry catamarans have been in use for several decades. They possess the advantage of overcoming one of the major deficiencies of water transportation: low speed. Although their operation has spread throughout dif...Fast ferry catamarans have been in use for several decades. They possess the advantage of overcoming one of the major deficiencies of water transportation: low speed. Although their operation has spread throughout different parts of the world, an overall analysis of the implementation and failures of this technology remains underdeveloped in the transport literature. This paper presents and compares two unsuccessful experiences of the use of fast ferry catamarans in New Zealand and Hawaii. Although both attempts possess major differences in terms of their contexts, particularly regarding competition, regulatory and environmental issues, some of the common lessons learned from both experiences can significantly contribute to a better understanding of this water transport technology and the challenges involved in its operation.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to introduce an innovative methodology in shipping investment evaluation based on simulation of a project cash flow. It concerns a complementary approach to current practices and its aim i...The purpose of this paper is to introduce an innovative methodology in shipping investment evaluation based on simulation of a project cash flow. It concerns a complementary approach to current practices and its aim is to provide more information mainly to ship-owners that consider the feasibility of deploying Ro-Ro Passenger ferries. The paper examines a typical semi-conventional RoPax ferry operating in the Aegean Sea. It addresses important economic, operational and procedural issues concerning risk evaluation. The current status is that risk is a notion still strange to main stakeholders. The Greek practice in performing a feasibility study for a project draws on investor＇s experience and feeling aided by a preliminary economic study. The main thesis of this paper is that there are alternative techniques to evaluate investment risk and measure profitability of a project. A Monte Carlo simulation in collaboration with a typical Ro-Ro cash-flow model is implemented to reveal the extent of risk and provide a useful tool for the assessment of future investments in Greek Short Sea Shipping.展开更多
This paper describes procedures used for preliminary design analysis of a roll-on;roll-off passenger vessel abbreviated as RoPox. As the name presupposes, RoPax ships are used for carriage of rolling type-cargoes and ...This paper describes procedures used for preliminary design analysis of a roll-on;roll-off passenger vessel abbreviated as RoPox. As the name presupposes, RoPax ships are used for carriage of rolling type-cargoes and as well as passengers. RoPax are usually medium size ships with high performance characteristics that enhance their application for both long and short distance journeys. For instance, in Nigeria where most of her regions are surrounded by seas, this type of ship is apt. Several methods were implemented in order to obtain some preliminary results scoped in dimension, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic characteristics. The methods used correlate well with conventional values discussed in reality and in literatures.展开更多
In this feasibility study, we investigate the viability of using Liquefied Natural Gas （LNG） fuel in an open type Ro-Ro passenger ferry and the associated potential challenges with regard to the vessel safety system...In this feasibility study, we investigate the viability of using Liquefied Natural Gas （LNG） fuel in an open type Ro-Ro passenger ferry and the associated potential challenges with regard to the vessel safety systems. We recommend an appropriate methodology for converting existing ships to run on LNG fuel, discuss all the necessary modifications to the ship’s safety systems, and also evaluate the relevant ship evacuation procedures. We outline the basic requirements with which the ship already complies for each safety system and analyze the additional restrictions that must be taken into consideration for the use of LNG fuel. Appropriate actions are recommended. Furthermore, we carry out a hazard identification study. Overall, we clearly demonstrate the technical feasibility of the investigated scenario. Minimal modifications to the ship’s safety systems are required to comply with existing safety rules for this specific type of ship.展开更多
In recent years,using message ferries as mechanical carriers of data has been shown to be an effective way to collect information in sparse wireless sensor networks.As the sensors are far away from each other in such ...In recent years,using message ferries as mechanical carriers of data has been shown to be an effective way to collect information in sparse wireless sensor networks.As the sensors are far away from each other in such highly partitioned scenario,a message ferry needs to travel a long route to access all the sensors and carry the data collected from the sensors to the sink.Typically,practical constraints(e.g.,the energy)preclude a ferry from visiting all sensors in a single tour.In such case,the ferry can only access part of the sensors in each tour and move back to the sink to get the energy refilled.So,the energy-constrained ferry route design(ECFRD)problem is discussed,which leads to the optimization problem of minimizing the total route length of the ferry,while keeping the route length of each tour below a given constraint.The ECFRD problem is proved to be NP-hard problem,and the integer linear programming(ILP)formulation is given.After that,efficient heuristic algorithms are proposed to solve this problem.The experimental results show that the performances of the proposed algorithms are effective in practice compared to the optimal solution.展开更多
文摘Maritime transportation, widely used both in international transport of goods and touristic purposes, has been identified as a significant source of ultrafine particles (UFP). In-land passenger ferry is a source of UFP far less addressed;however, in locations with relatively high frequency of this transportation mode, it is expected that they contribute to an increase of their concentration. Moreover, the negative effects of UFP on human health and environment are known and therefore, monitoring UFP produced by ferries is vital to assess the degree of exposure of who work or live close to ferries’ terminals or downwind to their cruising path. This work aims to study the influence of in-land ferries activities on UFP in the urban/suburban areas near ferries’ terminals and downwind across the cruising path. The UFP monitoring campaign was carried out from September to December 2018 for 19 non-consecutive periods. The sampling sites were chosen in order to maximize measurements under downwind conditions and allow the association between ferry operation and UFP concentration response. Based on data collected, correlation analysis was performed between ferry’s traffic and particle number counting (PNC) of UFP, and also with meteorological variables. Results show an increase in PNC ranging from 25 to 197% during the third minute around a ferry movement and are moderate to positive significant correlations between PNC values and the number of ferry operations (r = 0.79 to r = 0.94), showing that UFP emitted by in-land ferries contributes to PNC increase. Moreover, negative correlations (r = -0.85 to r = -0.93) between PNC and wind intensity were also found.
文摘Fast ferry catamarans have been in use for several decades. They possess the advantage of overcoming one of the major deficiencies of water transportation: low speed. Although their operation has spread throughout different parts of the world, an overall analysis of the implementation and failures of this technology remains underdeveloped in the transport literature. This paper presents and compares two unsuccessful experiences of the use of fast ferry catamarans in New Zealand and Hawaii. Although both attempts possess major differences in terms of their contexts, particularly regarding competition, regulatory and environmental issues, some of the common lessons learned from both experiences can significantly contribute to a better understanding of this water transport technology and the challenges involved in its operation.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to introduce an innovative methodology in shipping investment evaluation based on simulation of a project cash flow. It concerns a complementary approach to current practices and its aim is to provide more information mainly to ship-owners that consider the feasibility of deploying Ro-Ro Passenger ferries. The paper examines a typical semi-conventional RoPax ferry operating in the Aegean Sea. It addresses important economic, operational and procedural issues concerning risk evaluation. The current status is that risk is a notion still strange to main stakeholders. The Greek practice in performing a feasibility study for a project draws on investor＇s experience and feeling aided by a preliminary economic study. The main thesis of this paper is that there are alternative techniques to evaluate investment risk and measure profitability of a project. A Monte Carlo simulation in collaboration with a typical Ro-Ro cash-flow model is implemented to reveal the extent of risk and provide a useful tool for the assessment of future investments in Greek Short Sea Shipping.
文摘This paper describes procedures used for preliminary design analysis of a roll-on;roll-off passenger vessel abbreviated as RoPox. As the name presupposes, RoPax ships are used for carriage of rolling type-cargoes and as well as passengers. RoPax are usually medium size ships with high performance characteristics that enhance their application for both long and short distance journeys. For instance, in Nigeria where most of her regions are surrounded by seas, this type of ship is apt. Several methods were implemented in order to obtain some preliminary results scoped in dimension, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic characteristics. The methods used correlate well with conventional values discussed in reality and in literatures.
基金conducted within the framework of the project LNG-COMSHIP,Greek General Secretariat of Research and Technology Code:12CHN400,and was funded by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF) and National Resources
文摘In this feasibility study, we investigate the viability of using Liquefied Natural Gas （LNG） fuel in an open type Ro-Ro passenger ferry and the associated potential challenges with regard to the vessel safety systems. We recommend an appropriate methodology for converting existing ships to run on LNG fuel, discuss all the necessary modifications to the ship’s safety systems, and also evaluate the relevant ship evacuation procedures. We outline the basic requirements with which the ship already complies for each safety system and analyze the additional restrictions that must be taken into consideration for the use of LNG fuel. Appropriate actions are recommended. Furthermore, we carry out a hazard identification study. Overall, we clearly demonstrate the technical feasibility of the investigated scenario. Minimal modifications to the ship’s safety systems are required to comply with existing safety rules for this specific type of ship.
基金Projects(61272139,61070199,61103182)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013ZX01028001-002)supported by the National Science and Technology Major Projects of China+1 种基金Project(2011AA01A103)supported by theNational High-Tech Research and Development Plan of ChinaProject(11JJ7003)supported by Hunan Provincial Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘In recent years,using message ferries as mechanical carriers of data has been shown to be an effective way to collect information in sparse wireless sensor networks.As the sensors are far away from each other in such highly partitioned scenario,a message ferry needs to travel a long route to access all the sensors and carry the data collected from the sensors to the sink.Typically,practical constraints(e.g.,the energy)preclude a ferry from visiting all sensors in a single tour.In such case,the ferry can only access part of the sensors in each tour and move back to the sink to get the energy refilled.So,the energy-constrained ferry route design(ECFRD)problem is discussed,which leads to the optimization problem of minimizing the total route length of the ferry,while keeping the route length of each tour below a given constraint.The ECFRD problem is proved to be NP-hard problem,and the integer linear programming(ILP)formulation is given.After that,efficient heuristic algorithms are proposed to solve this problem.The experimental results show that the performances of the proposed algorithms are effective in practice compared to the optimal solution.
