EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON THE GROWTH OF LARCH SEEDLINGS

The primary purpose of fertilization in nursery soils is to assure production of high-quality planting stock. Therefore, the appropriate information on fertilizers and their use as well as their effects on seedling growth is important to nursery managers in their nursery practice. In this paper, larch seedling growth response to six fertilizers are discussed based on the results of three-year studies which were carried out at Dailing Forest Nursery in 1987.

N-Exponential Fertilization Could Affect the Growth and Nitrogen Accumulation of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Seedling in a Greenhouse Environment

Metasequoia glyptostroboides(M.glyptostroboides)is a unique plant species related to relic flora in China.It plays a positive role in afforestation and its long-term protection with high paleoclimate research value.However,due to the nutrients-supply deficiency,it is a big challenge to cultivate the high-quality seedlings of M.glyptostroboides.In this study,a pot experiment in a greenhouse environment was carried out to identify the effect of N-exponential fertilization on the growth and nutrient distribution of M.glyptostroboides seedling.The M.glyptostroboides rooted seedlings with 12-month growth were chosen.Different N fertilizer levels with conventional fertilization(CF:5.0 g seedling^(−1)),exponential fertilization including EF1,EF2,EF3 and EF4 were determined.The relevant growth indexes were measured after 210-day growth.The results indicated that non-significant differences in seedlings’height and ground diameter were found among the above treatments(P>0.05);At the same time,N-exponential fertilization promoted the M.glyptostroboides’s biomass in different organs(P<0.05),with the maximum total biomass under EF3 treatment.The N accumulation in root and stem of the N-exponential fertilization treatments were increased in to some extent(P<0.05).The maximum N accumulation was also found under EF3 treatment.Therefore,steady-state nutrition and superior growth performance of M.glyptostroboides could be obtained by N-exponential fertilization of 5.0 g cutting^(−1).

Effects of the second-generation larch plantations onsoil fertility and tree growth

In order to realize the effect of second generation of larch plantations on soil fertility and tree growth and to provide the theoretical base and the reasonable management measures, the growth of larch plantations for different generations at different soil conditions were inventoried and compared. The relationship between soil nutrition and tree growth of the second-generation larch plantations was analyzed. Comparing with the first generation, the second generation of larch did not present acidation phenomenon on the dark brown soil. With respect to the organic matter, rapidly available K and N, the values of the second-generation larch is close to that of first generation at later time. Platform-preparation is good measures for improving soil conditions

Bio-Fertilizer Improved Oil Palm Seedling Growth

In most farming systems newly introduced commercial fertilizers to be accepted, adopted and used by farmers, their effectiveness and appropriate application rates must be exhibited. This study was conducted to validate the effect and rates of a bio-fertilizer (super agric) on oil palm seedling growth. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three application rates of 0, 4 and 8 ml/L of water (treatments) replicated thrice. Following the application of super agric to oil palm seedlings for a period of six months, observations drawn from the analysis of growth data were as follows: Three months after treatment, super agric significantly (P < 0.05) increased the height and breadth of oil palm seedling compared to those which were not applied with super agric. The results also showed that when super agric was applied at a rate of 4 ml/L, the leaf length and breadth were higher compared to the control were super agric was not used. Furthermore, applications of super agric improved oil palm seedling nitrogen uptake by 31% in treatment groups as compared to the control which explained the height and breadth increase in the oil palm seedlings that were applied with super agric. On the other hand, the effect of super agric application on phosphorus uptake by seedlings was not significant. Although the height, breadth, leaf width and length were all significantly affected by super agric application, the number of oil palm leaves and spears were not affected for the period the experiment was conducted. Six months after application of super agric the growth of oil palm seedlings was favorably impacted, hence we recommend super agric to be promoted among oil palm seedling growers.

Effects of Liquid Seaweed Bio-organic Fertilizer on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Vegetables

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer were prepared for seed soaking and pot incubation of cucumber, tomato and chili, to ob- serve the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables. [Result] Compared with the control, germination rate of cucumber and tomato seeds applied with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer varied significantly; germination rate of chili seeds applied with 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer varied significantly; germination energy and germination index of chili seeds applied with different dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer presented no significant differences. In addition, 200-fold and 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the root length, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber, tomato and chili seedlings; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber seedlings varied significantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content, plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight of chili and tomato varied sig- nificantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in leaf area. [Conclusion] Soaking vegetable seeds with liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer can significantly improve seed generation rate and seedling growth.

Growth Situation of Liriodendron chinense Seedlings and Soil Fertility in Northern Guangxi Province

[Objective] This study aimed to study the seedling nursery and afforesta- tion of Liriodendron chinense （Hemsl.）.Sarg. in northern Guangxi Province, thereby providing theoretical basis for the extension of L. chinense in this region. [Method] The growth situation of L. chinense seedlings and soil fertility in northern Guangxi Province were investigated. [Result] The L. chinense seedlings in northern Guangxi Province showed significant changes during the growth period. Among the three- year-old L. chinense plants, the average plant height reached as high as 331.11 cm, the average ground diameter was 5.05 cm, and the average crown diameter was 122.22 cm. After three years＇ afforestation with one-year-old seedlings, the av- erage plant height of L. chinense was 357.20 cm, the average ground diameter was 6.53 cm, and the average crown diameter was 170.43 cm. The detection results of soil fertility were as follows： the soil was strongly acidic; the organic matter and to- tal phosphorus contents were moderate; and the total potassium content was rela- tively abundant. [Conclusion] L. chinense grows rapidly in northern Guangxi Province of China, and is suitable for extension in this area.

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium and CompoundFertilizer on Growth and Yield of Moringa Seedlings

In order to study the effects of different fertilizers on the growth and yield of Moringa seedlings,potted Moringa seedlings were randomly divided into 5 treatments:nitrogen(treatment 1),phosphorus(treatment 2),potassium(treatment 3),compound fertilizer(treatment 4)and non-fertilization(CK).The ground diameter,plant height,leaf,sprouting,crown width and yield of Moringa seedlings were measured one month later.The results showed that treatment 3 was beneficial to the growth of ground diameter of Moringa seedlings,which was 24.4%higher than CK(P<0.05).Treatment 4 significantly promoted plant height and leaf yield of moringa seedlings,being 56.8%and 76.9%higher than those of CK,respectively(P<0.05).Treatment 2 significantly promoted the sprouting of Moringa seedlings,being 53.8%higher than that of CK(P<0.05).Fertilization treatments had no significant effect on leaf size of Moringa seedlings(P>0.05).

Effects of phosphorus and potassium addition on growth and nodulation of Dalbergia sissoo in the nursery

A study was conducted to test the influence of different inorganic fertilizers （phosphorous and potassium） on the nodulation and growth of Dalbergia sissoo grown in the nursery. Before seeds sowing, different combinations of P, K fertilizers were incorporated with the nutrient-deficient natural forest soils, and then amended with cowdung （soil： cowdung = 3：1）. Nodulation status （nodule number, shape, fresh weight, dry weight and color） in the roots and the plant growth parameters （length of shoot and root, collar diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root） were recorded 60 days after seeds sowing. Nodulation status and growth of the plants varied significantly （P〈0.05） in the soils amended with fertilizers in comparison to the control. The highest nodule number （62）, fresh （0.50 g） and dry （0.07 g） weights were recorded with the dose of PK at the rate of 160 kg/hm2. Nodule shape and color also varied widely in different treatments. In case of plant growth parameters, shoot and root length, collar diameter, fresh and dry weight of the plants took on a significant difference （P〈0.05） among various combination of fertilizers. From the study, it is revealed that PK at the rate of 160 kg/hm^2 fertilizer with soil and cowdung mixture （soil： eowdung = 3：1） is recommended for optimum growth and nodule formation of D. sissoo in degraded soils at a nursery level.

优化基肥和提苗肥对烤烟生长及品质的影响

【目的】明确基肥中添加微生物菌剂和提苗肥中添加尿素对稻茬烤烟促早生快发的效果。【方法】以云烟87为材料,采用双因素试验,设计基肥施用方法(基肥中未添加微生物菌剂、基肥中添加微生物菌剂),以及提苗肥施用方法(单施烟草专用提苗肥、单施尿素、烟草专用提苗肥和尿素混施),研究了微生物菌剂、优化提苗肥及其互作对烤烟的农艺性状、干物质量、养分积累,以及烟叶的物理性状、化学成分、感官质量和经济性状的影响。【结果】基肥中添加微生物菌剂和烟草专用提苗肥配施尿素可增加最大烟叶面积,提高烤烟干物质量和氮、磷、钾养分积累量,提高烟叶物理性状指数、化学成分可用性指数、感官质量和经济效果指数,增加烟叶产值,但施用尿素作提苗肥可提高叶片厚度、叶面积质量和烟碱含量。优化基肥添加微生物菌剂和提苗肥处理烟叶的物理性状指数、化学成分可用性指数、感官质量和经济效果指数较传统施肥方法分别提高2.85%,18.48%,9.79%和3.76%。【结论】稻茬烤烟穴施基肥中添加微生物菌剂、专用提苗肥中适量配施尿素可以作为促进烤烟早生快发的一项技术措施,但必须控制施氮总量。

氮磷钾配施对栀子幼苗生长的影响

为探索栀子幼苗最佳施肥配比,培育栀子良种壮苗,以1年生栀子幼苗为试验材料,开展了不同施肥配比试验,通过测定不同施肥配比条件下栀子幼苗的苗高、地径、平均叶面积、苗木生物量、根系等性状指标,利用隶属函数进行综合评价。结果表明:供试施肥处理均能促进栀子幼苗生长,但不同施肥配比对栀子幼苗各生长指标的促进作用不同。处理T3和T5能较好地促进栀子幼苗苗高和地径的增长,其苗高增长量均达到39.0 cm以上,地径增长量也均高于3.6 mm;T4施肥处理的栀子叶面积增长量最大,可达38.08 cm^(2),比对照组增加202.22%;T7施肥处理的总根长、侧根数、根平均直径、根表面积、地上部分生物量、地下部分生物量以及总生物量在所有施肥处理当中表现最好,与对照相比分别增加25.50%、139.29%、57.85%、71.30%、51.28%、132.11%和103.14%。利用隶属函数对栀子幼苗各生长指标进行综合评价可知,栀子幼苗最佳的施肥处理为T7,尿素、过磷酸钙、氯化钾的施用量分别为3.0、0.8、1.2 g·株^(-1)。

不同叶面肥及株型控制对中科猕砧2号猕猴桃组培苗生长发育的影响

以中科猕砧2号猕猴桃2月龄组培苗为研究对象,研究不同配比的叶面施肥结合株型控制对植株干径生长、叶绿素含量、氮磷钾含量以及幼苗生理指标的影响。结果表明,中科猕砧2号组培穴盘苗的干径、叶绿素含量及植株全氮、全钾含量,根冠比在不同处理间均存在显著差异,植株全磷含量在各处理间差异不显著。4个控制因子中,株型控制对中科猕砧2号组培穴盘苗生长的促进作用最大,全抹芽的株型控制+施复合叶面肥(0.2%尿素+0.1%磷酸二氢钾+0.2%园艺肥)为中科猕砧2号组培穴盘苗育苗期间的最优处理配方。

缓释肥施用量对柿树砧木泰富容器苗生长的影响

以甜柿砧木泰富容器苗为试材,研究不同缓释肥施用量对其生长的影响,以筛选最佳缓释肥施用量。结果表明,不同缓释肥施用量的容器苗在生长、生理方面存在显著差异,以育苗袋内缓释肥用量为105 g/袋·年的植株综合表现最好,株高、苗基部粗度、苗总鲜重、地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重均高于其他施用量。可作为泰富砧木苗木培育期间的推荐施肥量。

施肥量对菩提树容器苗生长及养分累积的影响

探讨不同施肥量对菩提树容器苗生长和养分累积的影响,为北方地区菩提树容器育苗栽培措施提供理论参考依据。以1 a生菩提树扦插苗为试验材料,以美植袋为容器进行栽植,采用随机区组设计,设定对照和7个不同氮磷钾配比共8个处理(F_(1)~F_(8)),施肥5次,间隔为15 d,施肥同时测定菩提树的苗高、地径,最后一次施肥2周后测定菩提树生物量及养分含量。结果表明:不同施肥量对菩提树容器苗生长具有显著影响,不同N、P、K配比施肥中,F_(4)(氮肥、钾肥、磷肥用量为N 6.0 g·株^(-1)、P_(2)O_(5)1.5 g·株^(-1)和0.3 g·株^(-1))施肥量下,菩提树株高生长最快,增长率为380%。F_(1)(氮肥、钾肥、磷肥用量为N 0.0 g·株^(-1)、P_(2)O_(5)1.0 g·株^(-1)和K_(2)O 0.3 g·株^(-1))处理下,菩提树地径增长最快,总生物量最高。(2)不同施肥量下,菩提树全氮、全磷、全钾含量在根、茎、叶中分布呈显著差异。在施P1.5 g·株^(-1)处理下,随着施N量增加,全株含氮量呈增加趋势,在施P 1 g·株^(-1)处理下,随着施N量增加,全株含氮量呈递减趋势。随着N、P肥的增施,全株钾含量降低,增施N、P,菩提树对钾肥吸收降低。(3)叶片生长量与茎部氮含量、全株氮含量及根部磷含量呈极显著正相关,根部生物量与叶氮含量呈极显著正相关,与叶片磷含量、全株磷含量呈正相关;总生物量与叶片氮含量、全株磷含量呈正相关。钾肥在氮磷肥施用时,促进氮磷肥的均衡吸收,促进菩提树容器苗的生长。在本研究施肥配比范围内,N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O分别为6.0、1.5和0.3 g时菩提树株高生长最快,在N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O分别为0.0、1.0和0.3 g时,菩提树根系生长最好。

缓释肥对檫木容器苗生长和非结构性碳水化合物积累的影响

为探究不同含氮量的缓释肥对檫木容器苗生长和非结构性碳水化合物积累的影响,以当年生檫木容器苗为研究对象,在生长期每隔60 d测定其苗高和地径,并于生长停止后,测定其地上和地下生物量和非结构性碳水化合物积累状况。结果显示:缓释肥处理的檫木苗高、地径、地上生物量、地下生物量、可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量均显著高于对照,表明施用缓释肥对檫木容器苗的生长和非结构性碳水化合物积累具有显著促进作用。每株施用0.1 g缓释肥处理的檫木容器苗的淀粉含量最高,为9.51 mg·g^(-1);而平均苗高(85.33 cm)、地径(8.74 mm)、地上生物量(10.61 g)和地下生物量(7.92 g)、可溶性糖含量(52.62 mg·g^(-1))等均略低于每株施用0.2 g缓释肥的处理。综合考虑生产成本等因素,建议生产上檫木容器育苗缓释肥施用量为每株0.1 g。

配方施肥对铁心杉幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响

【目的】旨在寻找最适合铁心杉幼苗生长的肥料配比。【方法】采用“3414”试验设计方案,设置14组肥料配比,以每组50盆的1年生铁心杉实生苗为材料,探究不同肥料配比对幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响。【结果】与不施肥相比,合理施肥的铁心杉幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量最高提高了42.01%,可溶性糖含量最高提高了11.64%,可溶性蛋白含量最高提高了13.81%,游离脯氨酸含量最高提高了211.25%;在N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)的肥料配方下,铁心杉幼苗的苗高、根直径、地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量及苗木质量指数达到最大值,地径、根表面积和总根长也处于中上水平。【结论】N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)(每盆施1.0 g N、1.0 g P、0.5 g K)是铁心杉幼苗最佳的施肥配方。

氨基酸水溶肥对枇杷幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响

【目的】探讨氨基酸水溶肥对枇杷生长及养分吸收的影响。【方法】以1 a生‘大五星’幼苗(Eriobotrya japonica L.)为试材,喷施稀释0(对照,蒸馏水)、50、100、150和200倍的氨基酸水溶肥,测定相关生理指标。【结果】氨基酸水溶肥增加了枇杷幼苗的生物量,且100倍时枇杷幼苗根系和地上部生物量最大,分别较对照增加了21.45%和44.41%。氨基酸水溶肥提高了枇杷幼苗全氮、全磷和全钾含量,且100倍时枇杷幼苗地上部全氮和全磷含量最高,分别较对照提高了70.01%和32.49%;150倍时地上部全钾含量最高,较对照提高了36.44%。相关分析和灰色关联度分析表明,枇杷幼苗全氮、全磷和全钾含量与生物量密切相关,表明氨基酸水溶肥促进枇杷幼苗吸收养分进而促进幼苗生长。【结论】氨基酸水溶肥可有效促进枇杷幼苗的生长和养分吸收,并以稀释100倍时效果最佳。

缓释肥一次性施入对酸枣容器苗生长的影响

以酸枣容器苗为试材,通过对比酸枣容器苗在不同缓释肥施用量下的生长状况,筛选最佳缓释肥施用量,为酸枣容器育苗的精准施肥提供技术支持。结果表明,不同缓释肥施用量条件下,酸枣容器苗在生长、生理及叶绿素含量等方面均存在显著性差异,其中年施肥量75 g/袋时,酸枣苗综合表现最好。与CK 1相比,施用缓释肥可显著促进苗木生长,株高增加7.26%~29.53%,地径增加10.28%~20.46%,二次枝数量增加1.06%~26.46%,最长二次枝长度增加1.24%~14.40%。除地径外,其余3个指标均随施肥量增加呈先增后降的趋势,且在年施肥量75 g/袋时,各个指标达最高。与CK 1相比,苗木根系投影面积、根表面积、根平均直径、根体积、总鲜质量、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量分别显著提高了53.81%、53.81%、60.85%、82.08%、50.73%、56.82%、53.12%,且叶片的可溶性糖含量均增加。本研究表明,以缓释肥年施用量75 g/袋为宜。

氮磷配施对云南松幼苗生长及养分的影响

为探究不同氮磷配施处理对云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Franch.)幼苗地上部分生长的影响,从幼苗生长量、生物量、养分方面进行研究,筛选最适云南松幼苗生长的氮磷配施质量比。以90 d云南松幼苗为试验材料,进行氮、磷根系追肥配施试验,比较1年生云南松幼苗在不同氮、磷施用水平时生长量、生物量、养分变化。结果表明:氮磷配施能提高云南松幼苗的生长量及生物量,尤其对苗高、地径、茎生物量方面的促进最为明显。当氮、磷施用量分别为0.2、0.4 g·株^(-1)时,幼苗生长效果最优。1年生云南松苗木适宜的氮用量为0.06~0.26 g·株^(-1),磷为0.26~0.60 g·株^(-1),适宜氮磷配比为1.0∶1.5~1.0∶4.6。合理的氮磷配施可以有效促进云南松幼苗营养生长和体内养分积累,提高苗木质量。

烤烟苗期施用腐殖酸肥对低温胁迫的响应

【目的】为应对湘南稻作烟区烤烟移栽期低温阴雨天气,促进烤烟早生快发。【方法】采用盆栽试验,研究腐殖酸肥(全能有机碳肥)在低温胁迫下对烟苗地上部分生长、根系生长、干物质积累与分配、叶片SPAD值、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、丙二醛含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响。【结果】腐殖酸肥质量浓度对低温胁迫下烤烟生长发育具有双重效果,表现为低质量浓度促进、高质量浓度抑制。适量施用腐殖酸肥(单株417~833 mg)可减缓低温胁迫对烟苗的损伤,促进其根系和地上部生长、干物质积累以及烟苗根系活力,叶片SPAD值提高4.64%~5.80%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性提升23.20%~50.26%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提升5.39%~9.54%,过氧化物酶(POD)活性提升137.29%~151.43%;还可提高低温胁迫后烟苗的恢复生长能力,叶片SPAD值提高7.87%~10.64%,NR活性提升30.30%~42.42%,CAT活性提升0.89%~26.72%,POD活性提升90.91%~145.45%。【结论】施用腐殖酸肥可提高烟苗抗寒能力和恢复生长能力,有利于南方稻茬烟区烟苗早生快发。

苗床施硒方式对水稻生长发育及籽粒富硒的影响

以粳稻品种南粳46为材料,于苗期应用新型包膜缓控释硒肥,设置2种硒肥施用方式[基质土混拌硒肥育秧(基质土处理)和基质块下撒施硒肥育秧(基质块处理)]、4种硒肥浓度(15、30、45、60 kg·hm^(-2))及不施硒肥对照(CK)处理,测定秧苗素质、产量及籽粒硒含量等相关指标,研究苗期一次性于秧盘内基施缓释硒肥对水稻生长发育及籽粒富硒的影响,探究新型硒肥简化施用方式。结果表明:与CK相比,秧苗成苗率随硒肥施用浓度的增加而下降,基质块处理成苗率均显著高于基质土处理。施用硒肥后,盘结力则随成苗率的下降而降低,秧苗其他素质随着硒肥浓度的上升而增加。2种育秧方式下秧苗中硒积累量较CK显著增加,60 kg·hm^(-2)硒肥处理较15 kg·hm^(-2)硒肥处理秧苗硒积累量分别提高67.53%、84.49%。与CK相比,硒肥处理秧苗漏插率增加,产量分别降低1.06%~16.27%、1.35%~3.35%。2种育秧方式下施用硒肥处理籽粒硒含量较CK分别增加46.63%~223.71%、62.38%~249.89%,最大值分别为127.09、139.50μg·kg^(-1);同一硒肥浓度下,基质块处理籽粒硒含量均高于基质土育秧处理。综上,基质块下撒施硒肥可在保证秧苗正常成苗且稳产的情况下实现籽粒中硒的富集,是一种可行的苗期简化施硒方式。