Application of waterborne acrylic emulsions in coated controlled release fertilizer using reacted layer technology

Waterborne acrylic emulsions modified with organic siloxanes and aziridine crosslinker were synthesized and applied as coating of controlled release fertilizer. The free films were characterized and the nutrient release profiles of the coated fertilizers were determined. The results show that methyl silicone oil and methylsilanolate sodium could not improve water resistance performance and glass transition temperature Tgof coatings, while the firmness is enhanced. Aziridine crosslinker improves the water resistance performance, firmness and Tg. Incorporation of methyl silicone oil and aziridine crosslinker gives an excellent aqueous acrylic emulsion for coated controlled release fertilizer, with the 30-day cumulative nutrient release reduced to 16% and an estimated nutrient release duration over 190 days. Therefore, this waterborne coating is promising to meet the requirements for controlled release of nutrient and environmental protection.

Application Effect of Integrated Water and Fertilizer Technology for Tomato

Integrated water and fertilizer technology has the advantages of saving water,fertilizer and labour,which is widely applied in tomato plantation. Integrated water and fertilizer technology in topdressing and whole process of big and small tomatoes were studied,and their application effects were contrasted and analyzed,and application advantages and scopes of the two models were concluded.

Effects of Integrated Technology of Medicine and Fertilizer on Bacterial Wilt of Tobacco

In order to validate the control effects of integrated technology of medicine and fertilizer on tobacco bacterial wilt,field experiments were conducted by using youmeili and tetracycline as the test agents.The results obtained were listed as follows:(1)The incidence rate of bacterial wilt ascended more quickly after July 10 th,the incidence of CK reached 78.30%on July 25 th.(2)The control effect of“youmeili 3 g+tetramycin 200 times liquid”reached 69.47%,significantly higher than other treatments.(3)The output value of“Youmeil 3 g+tetramycin 200 times liquid”served as 1635.66 yuan/667m^2,with the highest economic character in all treatments.In a word,integrated technology of medicine and fertilizer was a feasible approach to control tobacco bacterial wilt.

Treatment of gasification effluent of fertilizer with biochemical united technology

Introduced the technology and application of treating the gasification effluent offertilizer with the physical-chemistry and biochemistry united technology.The technology issimple and viable, and occupies less land.When the main equipment runs normally, thegasification effluent of fertilizer treated with the united technology reached the requirementby second-degree discharge standard of the'Discharge standard of water pollutants forsynthesize ammonia industry'.

Evaluation of Variable Rate Technology for Fertilizer Application in Permanent Pastures

This paper describes the field tests carried out to evaluate the new Vicon RS-EDW centrifugal fertilizer spreader, to be used in Precision Agriculture. The results of initial dynamic calibration tests showed a significant and systematic difference between the application rates of the two discs （about 20%）. This difference had to be corrected by the manufacturer that carried out the necessary changes to the electric actuators. The fertilizer spreader had good distribution homogeneity, considering different working velocities and different positions in the parcel. The pattern distribution curve for 18% super phosphate fertilizer led to an effective working width of 28 meters, with a coefficient of variation of 15%. The longitudinal test, under experimental working conditions led to a machine delay time of 6-7 seconds. The results show an actual fertilization application density between 74%-90% of that determined for each location. These results confirm that the spreader can be used to spread fertilizer differentially in the field.

High-yielding Cultivation and Fertilization Technology of Lvhan No.1 in Angola

[Objective] The aim was to research high-yielding cultivation and fertilization technology for Lvhan No.l, a new Chinese rice cultivar, in Angola. [Method] In rainy season of 2012, high-yielding cultivation and fertilization technology of Lvhan No.l, a new cultivar of earlier ripe and drought resistant rice, was researched in CATETE farm of Luanda suburb with pot experiment method. [Result] In CATETE farm, Lvhan No.1 rice were directly sown in black clay and the rice can be significantly improved in plant height, grain weight of single plant, biological yield of single plant, ear length, total grain number per ear, number of filled grain per ear and thousand seed weight, as well as economic coefficient and ratio of grain to straw, if applied with base fertilizer made up of DAP （N：P2Os=14：43）, or compound fertilizer of N, P and K （N：P2Os：K^O=15：15：15） and with Duannai fertilizer and ear-grain fertilizer made up of urea. If DAP is taken as base fertilizer, the optimal quantity is 300 kg/hm2. If compound fertilizer of N, P and K is taken as base fertilizer, the optimal quantity is 450 kg/hm2, but urea at 75 kg/hm2 should be applied as Duannai fertilizer and ear- grain fertilizer, respectively, on time. [Conclusion] The research provides technical ref- erences for planting of Chinese rice cultivars in Angola.

A RCK Model with Endogenous Fertility and Exogenous Technological Change

The technological change as an exogenous variable is introduced into the RCK model with endogenous fertility in this paper. It is proved that the model has at least a nonzero steady state and the nonzero steady state is unique when the parameters satisfies some conditions. By phrase protrait analysis, the unique nonzero steady state is saddle and the economy has a unique optimal growth path. The results obtained implies that the relationship between the technological change and population growth rate determinated by the economic structure and the parental ethies. For the economy in which the parents is selfish, promoting the technological change rate decreases the fertility at the steady state. On the other hand, for the economy in which the parents is less selfish, the fertility increases as the technological change rate increases.

New Type Bio-composites Containing Nitrogenous Fertilizers of Prolonged Action and Nitrogen-Fixing Microorganisms

Technology was developed for obtaining ecologically pure composites containing nitrogenous fertilizers of prolonged action and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in order to increase productivity of cereal crops. As a result of application of this composite nitrogenous fertilizer hectare norm decreases by 40%-55%, while productivity increases by 15%-30%, compared to those of the control.

Profitability and Farmer Acceptability of Selected Climate Smart Technologies and Practices for Maize-Beans Production in Drought-Prone Areas, Uganda

Climate change is increasingly affecting farm-level decisions on when to plant and which climate smart agriculture (CSA) options to use. This study was conducted to determine the profitability and farmer acceptability of different CSA options for maize-bean production in drought-prone areas of Uganda. It was conducted on-farm in Rakai and Nakasongola districts during 2020 and 2021. Variables included: planting date (early vs late);varieties (common beans: NABE 4 and NAROBEAN 2, and maize: Longe 5 and Bazooka);intercropping versus pure stand;and fertiliser use (manure, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) or combination). The experimental design was split-split plot, replicated six times. Over two years, early planting caused 16% and up to 46% higher yields of maize and beans, respectively, than late planting, resulting in 14% - 28% and 18% - 43% higher Benefit/Cost (B/C) ratio for maize and beans, respectively. Intercropping reduced maize and beans yield by 16% - 25% and 52% - 57%, respectively. The B/C was highest for sole maize;intercropping was more profitable than sole beans. Fertilizer (DAP) was most profitable when Bazooka was early-planted as sole crop followed by intercrop. For late planted-crop, manure was better. These practices were more beneficial when applied simultaneously for both crops excluding bean variety. Farmers’ lessons stressed the importance of early planting and fertilizer use;however, majority indicated they were to adopt more than two of the practices tested.

Clinical study of different fertilization methods of assisted reproductive technology on neonatal birth defects

Objective:To investigate the incidence of neonatal birth defects in assisted reproductive technology(ART)by in vitro fertilization(IVF)and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).Methods:The clinical data of 4229 cases of singleton deliver by infertile patients under 35 years old who received IVF/ICSI-ET in our center were analyzed.According to different fertilization methods,they were divided into IVF group(2967 cases)and ICSI group(1262 cases).The general situation of birth,birth defects and the location of defects were compared between the two groups.Results:a total of 38 cases of neonatal birth defects were found,the incidence of birth defects was 0.89%,including 30 cases(1.01%)in IVF group and 8 cases(0.64%)in ICSI group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of birth defects between the two groups(P>0.05).There was also no significant difference in birth weight,gestational age and gender ratio between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Different fertilization methods in assisted reproductive technology do not increase the incidence of neonatal birth defects.

Present Situation, Existing Problems and Recommendations for Orchard Fertilization Technology

This paper summarizes the development process and research status of orchard fertilization technology,introduces many kinds of fertilization methods,such as soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method,and nutrition diagnosis method,probes into the main problems existing in orchard fertilization,and puts forward some suggestions for solving them. The development of orchard fertilization technology in China is also projected.

Microfluidic thermotaxic selection of highlymotile sperm and in vitro fertilization

The selection of the most motile and functionally competent sperm is an essential basis for in vitro fertilization(IVF)and normal embryonic development.Widely adopted clinical approaches for sperm sample processing intensely rely on centrifugation and wash steps that may induce mechanical damage and oxidative stress to sperm.Although a few microfluidic sperm sorting devices may avoid these adverse effects by exploiting intrinsic guidance mechanisms of sperm swimming,none of these approaches have been fully validated by clinical-grade assessment criteria.In this study,a microfluidic sperm sorting device that enables the selection of highly motile and functional sperm via their intrinsic thermotaxis is presented.Bioinspired by the temperature microenvironment in the fallopian tube during natural sperm selection,a microfluidic device with controllable temperature gradients along the sperm separation channel was designed and fabricated.This study investigated the optimal temperature conditions for human sperm selection and fully characterized thermotaxis-selected sperm with 45 human sperm samples.Results indicated that a temperature range of 35–36.5℃along the separation channel significantly improves human sperm motility rate((85.25±6.28)%vs.(60.72±1.37)%;P=0.0484),increases normal sperm morphology rate((16.42±1.43)%vs.(12.55±0.88)%;P<0.0001),and reduces DNA fragmentation((7.44±0.79)%vs.(10.36±0.72)%;P=0.0485)compared to the nonthermotaxis group.Sperm thermotaxis is species-specific,and selected mouse sperm displayed the highest motility in response to a temperature range of 36–37.5℃ along the separation channel.Furthermore,IVF experiments indicated that the selected sperm permitted an increased fertilization rate and improved embryonic development from zygote to blastocyst.This microfluidic thermotaxic selection approach will be translated into clinical practice to improve the IVF success rate for patients with oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia.

Human circBOULE RNAs as potential biomarkers for sperm quality and male infertility

Reliable molecular biomarkers to predict fertility remain scarce.The current study investigated the potential of testis-specific circBOULE RNAs as biomarkers for male infertility and sperm quality.Using reverse transcription-PCR and real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays,we identified seven circular RNAs from the human BOULE gene in human sperm.We observed that the expression level of circEx3-6 was significantly reduced in asthenozoospermia,while the expression levels of both circEx2-6 and circEx2-7 were decreased in terato-zoospermia,compared with the controls.Furthermore,we demonstrated that the expression level of circEx2-6 was negatively correlated with the sperm DNA fragmentation index,and the expression level of circEx2-7 was correlated with both fertilization and cleavage rates in those treated with the assisted reproductive technologies.Further functional analyses in a transgenic fly model supported the roles of circBOULE RNAs in sperm development and human male fertility.Collectively,our findings support that sperm circBOULE RNAs may serve as diagnostic biomarkers for assessing sperm motility and DNA quality.Therefore,clinical application and significance of sperm circBOULE RNAs in the assisted reproductive technologies warrant further investigation.

Analysis of Low Fertility Rates in Advanced Economies

In economics,opportunity cost means the maximum value of choosing one behavior over others in the situation where resources are limited(Parkin,2016).In the process of making reproductive decision,opportunity cost reveals the trade-off between time,resources,and economic benefits that individuals face when choosing to have children or not.During this process,the technological changes make the paths of career development diverse and rapidly changing,remarkably increasing the opportunity cost of childbirth and parenting.This leads to individuals more inclined to postpone or reduce childbirth when balancing their careers and families,thereby resulting in low fertility rates in developed economies.

数字技术何以赋能化肥源头减量?——基于浙江省“肥药两制”改革政策

“肥药两制”改革政策是浙江省基于数字技术从农业生产源头推动农业生产理念和方式转型的首创政策,但具体的实施效果尚有待进一步验证。本文基于2015-2022年浙江省县域面板数据和准自然实验思路,运用多期双重差分模型估计“肥药两制”改革政策对化肥减量的影响效应,并运用模糊集定性比较分析方法探讨数字技术赋能化肥源头减量的组态路径。研究发现,“肥药两制”改革政策具有显著的化肥减量效应,而电子商务嵌入会弱化政策的化肥减量效果。组态结果表明,存在环境主导技术协同型、组织主导技术协同型、技术主导型3条高化肥减量的驱动路径。本文研究结论为充分认识数字技术赋能化肥源头减量的机制与效果提供了经验证据,也为进一步细化和推广数字治理政策至全国提供了借鉴与启示。

Microbiological contamination in IVF laboratories: A narrative review

In vitro fertilization(IVF)is one of the most used assisted reproductive technology(ART)techniques today.However,the success of IVF procedures heavily relies on maintaining a sterile environment in laboratories.This narrative review examines the effects of microbiological contamination in IVF laboratories,exploring its sources,impacts on IVF outcomes,and preventive measures.We conducted a complete literature search using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar,focusing on studies published within the last fifteen years.Our findings highlight that microbiological contamination can significantly impair embryo quality,reduce implantation and pregnancy rates,and increase the risk of miscarriage and infection.The review also discusses current best practices for contamination prevention and identifies areas for future research.This work emphasizes the critical importance of stringent sterility protocols in IVF laboratories and calls for continued vigilance and innovation in maintaining optimal conditions for assisted reproduction.

农业生产托管何以影响农户土地转入规模——基于农户分化的视角

本文在理论分析的基础上,基于全国14个省份的微观调查数据,运用内生转换模型实证检验了农业生产托管对种粮农户土地转入规模的影响,并探究了农户分化视角下的异质性作用。研究发现,农业生产托管对农户土地转入规模具有较强的促进作用,且对小农户、高兼业水平农户、老生代农户的影响更大。从不同环节的托管服务看,劳动密集型和技术密集型环节的托管服务对农户土地转入规模均呈现正向影响,但是技术密集型环节的效果更为明显。进一步分析表明,农户购买农业生产托管服务,能够有效减少农业劳动力投入,提高粮食产出效益,进而对其土地转入规模产生积极影响。为推进农业生产托管稳定健康发展,本文提出加大政策支持力度、健全土地流转市场、提升服务能力和水平等方面的政策建议。

水稻机插侧深施肥技术的发展及技术要点

水稻是我国重要的粮食作物,其产量高低直接关乎国家粮食安全。协调水稻安全生产、生态环境保护和资源高效利用,已成为我国乃至全球农业可持续发展领域所面临的重点与难点。水稻机插侧深施肥技术将肥料侧深施用与水稻秧苗的机械移栽融为一体,有效替代了传统撒施肥料方式,具有显著提升肥料利用率、促进水稻生长发育和提高产量等优点。基于作者所在团队多年来的深入研究与丰富实践,紧密围绕侧深施肥技术的发展历程、核心技术要点、限制因素以及相应的参考建议等方面,综述了水稻机插侧深施肥技术的研究现状及未来发展趋势。在推广机插侧深施肥技术过程中,应当重视政策扶持与技术创新的有机结合,实现水稻安全生产、生态环境保护和资源高效利用协调发展,为我国农业向环境友好型和绿色可持续生产模式转型提供支持。

玉米机械化施肥与精准农业技术的集成应用研究

在探讨机械化施肥与精准农业技术集成应用的基础上,重点分析了精准施肥系统、土壤感知、遥感技术、施肥调度与作业路径优化等关键技术的作用。通过实时数据采集与分析,优化施肥管理,提高肥料利用效率,减少资源浪费和环境污染。研究结果表明,精准农业集成应用能够显著提升农业生产效率和可持续性,推动绿色农业的发展,为农业现代化和精准农业的实施提供技术支持和实践经验。

土壤酸化原因、阻控技术及改良策略分析

对研究区1980s农业土壤普查数据和2010s测土配方施肥项目中20000多个土壤样本pH数据进行比较分析,探讨土壤的pH变化趋势、土壤酸化的原因、主要阻控技术以及适宜的土壤改良措施。结果表明,1980s—2010s研究区土壤pH平均值呈下降趋势,中性土壤比例下降13.1%,酸性土壤比例增加14.4%,土壤pH下降1个单位的土壤面积占比24.48%。分析认为土壤酸化由成土母质和化肥施用、土地利用方式、酸雨以及草木灰等碱性物质施用量减少等多种因素造成;基于土壤酸化原因,探讨了现行的土壤酸化阻控技术,包括碱性物质中和技术、有机肥料替代化肥技术、农业工程措施降渍治渍技术及绿肥+生物菌肥改良技术;提出了适宜研究区实际情况的土壤改良措施,包括增加石灰、有机物灰渣等碱性物质和增加有机肥料等。