Background:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily manifests as progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment.Traditional herbal medicines may be helpful in the discovery of new anti-A...Background:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily manifests as progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment.Traditional herbal medicines may be helpful in the discovery of new anti-AD drugs.Studies have shown that Ferula assafoetida has neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects,which may be beneficial for the treatment of AD.However,the combination of active ingredients and their mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,we aimed to identify potential active ingredients in F.assafoetida and their mechanisms of action against AD by using network pharmacology.Methods:In our study,an integrated network pharmacological approach,that included adsorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion screening,target identification,network construction,topological analysis,gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis,and molecular docking,was used to predict the pharmacological material basis and potential mechanisms through which these ingredients may treat and prevent AD.Results:The results indicated that 12 key active ingredients,obtained by topological analysis(including farnesiferol a,conferol,farnesiferol b,ferulic acid,etc.),may be the primary pharmacological components that may ameliorate AD.The 2 key significant pathways identified are the cholinergic synapse signaling pathway(critical targets include ACHE,CHRM1,CHRM2,MAPK1,PIK3CA,PIK3CB,PIK3CD,and PIK3CG)and the AD signaling pathway(critical targets include APP,BACE1,GSK3B,MAPK1,NCSTN,NOS1,PSEN1).These critical targets are closely related to the regulation of three typical pathological features of AD[central nervous system(CNS)cholinergic hypofunction,amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques,and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins].Finally,14 critical targets in the 2 key significant pathways were validated by molecular docking analysis.Conclusion:F.assafoetida may be effective for alleviating AD symptoms,through multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway synergistic effects,associated with the multiple pathogenesis hypotheses of AD.Our study may provide certain clues for the further development and utilization of this natural herbal medicine.展开更多
目的:优选五彩阿魏挥发油的水蒸气提取工艺并对其挥发油化学成分进行分析。方法:以挥发油提取率为指标,采用U7(72)均匀试验优选五彩阿魏挥发油水蒸气蒸馏工艺。运用GC考察提取时间对挥发油化学稳定性的影响,色谱条件为载气高纯氮气,载...目的:优选五彩阿魏挥发油的水蒸气提取工艺并对其挥发油化学成分进行分析。方法:以挥发油提取率为指标,采用U7(72)均匀试验优选五彩阿魏挥发油水蒸气蒸馏工艺。运用GC考察提取时间对挥发油化学稳定性的影响,色谱条件为载气高纯氮气,载气流量1 m L·min-1,进样量0.5μL,分流比50∶1,总流量54.0 m L·min-1,进样口温度250℃,检测器温度250℃。升温程序为起始温度60℃,保持2 min;以4℃·min-1的速率程序升温至80℃,保持5 min;以10℃·min-1的速率程序升温至180℃,保持5 min;以4℃·min-1的速率程序升温至200℃,保持2 min。结合GC和色谱图相似度评价确定五彩阿魏挥发油提取工艺。结果:五彩阿魏挥发油中大部分化学成分对热较稳定。最佳提取工艺为加6.5倍量水提取4 h;挥发油提取率8.32%。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定、合理、可行,可保证五彩阿魏挥发油中各化学成分的稳定性。展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1710105).
文摘Background:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily manifests as progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment.Traditional herbal medicines may be helpful in the discovery of new anti-AD drugs.Studies have shown that Ferula assafoetida has neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects,which may be beneficial for the treatment of AD.However,the combination of active ingredients and their mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,we aimed to identify potential active ingredients in F.assafoetida and their mechanisms of action against AD by using network pharmacology.Methods:In our study,an integrated network pharmacological approach,that included adsorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion screening,target identification,network construction,topological analysis,gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis,and molecular docking,was used to predict the pharmacological material basis and potential mechanisms through which these ingredients may treat and prevent AD.Results:The results indicated that 12 key active ingredients,obtained by topological analysis(including farnesiferol a,conferol,farnesiferol b,ferulic acid,etc.),may be the primary pharmacological components that may ameliorate AD.The 2 key significant pathways identified are the cholinergic synapse signaling pathway(critical targets include ACHE,CHRM1,CHRM2,MAPK1,PIK3CA,PIK3CB,PIK3CD,and PIK3CG)and the AD signaling pathway(critical targets include APP,BACE1,GSK3B,MAPK1,NCSTN,NOS1,PSEN1).These critical targets are closely related to the regulation of three typical pathological features of AD[central nervous system(CNS)cholinergic hypofunction,amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques,and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins].Finally,14 critical targets in the 2 key significant pathways were validated by molecular docking analysis.Conclusion:F.assafoetida may be effective for alleviating AD symptoms,through multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway synergistic effects,associated with the multiple pathogenesis hypotheses of AD.Our study may provide certain clues for the further development and utilization of this natural herbal medicine.
文摘目的:优选五彩阿魏挥发油的水蒸气提取工艺并对其挥发油化学成分进行分析。方法:以挥发油提取率为指标,采用U7(72)均匀试验优选五彩阿魏挥发油水蒸气蒸馏工艺。运用GC考察提取时间对挥发油化学稳定性的影响,色谱条件为载气高纯氮气,载气流量1 m L·min-1,进样量0.5μL,分流比50∶1,总流量54.0 m L·min-1,进样口温度250℃,检测器温度250℃。升温程序为起始温度60℃,保持2 min;以4℃·min-1的速率程序升温至80℃,保持5 min;以10℃·min-1的速率程序升温至180℃,保持5 min;以4℃·min-1的速率程序升温至200℃,保持2 min。结合GC和色谱图相似度评价确定五彩阿魏挥发油提取工艺。结果:五彩阿魏挥发油中大部分化学成分对热较稳定。最佳提取工艺为加6.5倍量水提取4 h;挥发油提取率8.32%。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定、合理、可行,可保证五彩阿魏挥发油中各化学成分的稳定性。
