An Effective Machine-Learning Based Feature Extraction/Recognition Model for Fetal Heart Defect Detection from 2D Ultrasonic Imageries

Congenital heart defect,accounting for about 30%of congenital defects,is the most common one.Data shows that congenital heart defects have seriously affected the birth rate of healthy newborns.In Fetal andNeonatal Cardiology,medical imaging technology(2D ultrasonic,MRI)has been proved to be helpful to detect congenital defects of the fetal heart and assists sonographers in prenatal diagnosis.It is a highly complex task to recognize 2D fetal heart ultrasonic standard plane(FHUSP)manually.Compared withmanual identification,automatic identification through artificial intelligence can save a lot of time,ensure the efficiency of diagnosis,and improve the accuracy of diagnosis.In this study,a feature extraction method based on texture features(Local Binary Pattern LBP and Histogram of Oriented Gradient HOG)and combined with Bag of Words(BOW)model is carried out,and then feature fusion is performed.Finally,it adopts Support VectorMachine(SVM)to realize automatic recognition and classification of FHUSP.The data includes 788 standard plane data sets and 448 normal and abnormal plane data sets.Compared with some other methods and the single method model,the classification accuracy of our model has been obviously improved,with the highest accuracy reaching 87.35%.Similarly,we also verify the performance of the model in normal and abnormal planes,and the average accuracy in classifying abnormal and normal planes is 84.92%.The experimental results show that thismethod can effectively classify and predict different FHUSP and can provide certain assistance for sonographers to diagnose fetal congenital heart disease.

Right heart modified myocardial performance index and ductus venosus spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes

Objective To observe the values of changes of right heart modified myocardial performance index(Mod-MPI)and ductus venosus(DV)spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods Eighty-one pregnant women diagnosed as pre-eclampsia were prospectively enrolled and divided into severe pre-eclampsia(SPE)group(n=39)and mild pre-eclampsia(MPE)group(n=42),while 85 healthy pregnant women were taken as controls(control group).Fetal right heart function parameters,including right ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time(IRT),isovolumetric contraction time(ICT),ejection time(ET),total spent time(TST),Mod-MPI,tricuspid valve peak flow velocity ratio in early and late diastole(TV-E/A),as well as blood flow velocities in each waveform of DV spectrum(S,V,D,and A wave)were obtained,and the pulsatility index(PI)and the ratio of blood flow velocities in each waveform of the DV(S/V,S/D,S/A,V/D,V/A,D/A)were calculated.Intrauterine fetal distress,preterm delivery,neonatal asphyxia and newborn with low weight were considered as adverse pregnancy outcomes.The correlations of right heart Mod-MPI and TV-E/A with DV parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses were assessed,and their predictive efficacies for adverse pregnancy outcomes were evaluated for right heart Mod-MPI and DV using the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)and the area under the curves(AUC).Results Compared with control group and MPE group,fetal right heart IRT,ICT and Mod-MPI increased and ET decreased in SPE group(all P<0.05).No significant differences of right heart TST and TV-E/A among 3 groups(both P>0.05).Fetal DV A-wave velocity and V/D values progressively decreased but PI progressively increased in control,MPE and SPE groups(all P<0.05).Fetal right heart Mod-MPI in pre-eclampsia was moderately positively correlated with DV PI(r=0.637,P=0.016),while TV-E/A was weakly negatively correlated with DV V/D(r=-0.355,P=0.043).Adverse pregnancy outcomes were noticed in 59 pre-eclampsia cases.The AUC of fetal right heart Mod-MPI and DV PI for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in pre-eclampsia cases was 0.897 and 0.848,respectively,without significant difference(Z=0.460,P=0.400).Conclusion Changes of right heart Mod-MPI and DV spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses had high value for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Unexplained fetal tachycardia:A case report

BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the possible etiology and treatment of severe fetal tachycardia in the absence of organic disease and provide a reference for clinical management of severe fetal tachycardia.CASE SUMMARY A 29-year-old pregnant woman,with a gravidity 1 parity 0,presented with a fetal heart rate(FHR)of 243 beats per minute during a routine antenatal examination at 31+2 wk of gestation.Before termination of pregnancy at 38 wk of gestation,the FHR repeatedly showed serious abnormalities,lasting more than 30 min.However,the pregnant woman and the fetus had no clinical symptoms,and repeated examination revealed no organic lesions.The mother and the baby were regularly followed up.CONCLUSION This was a case of severe fetal tachycardia with no organic lesions and management based on clinical experience.

The Impacts of Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) on Fetal Hearts

Objective To evaluate the fetal cardiac function in gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） pregnancies under different maternal glycemic controls. Methods Forty four GDM mothers received 78 fetal echocardiographic evaluations at three gestational periods （〈28, 28-34 and ≥34 weeks） and were divided into poorly-（DM1） and well-（DM2） controlled groups according to their glycemic control at examination. Seventy uncomplicated mothers were selected as controls. Parameters of fetal cardiac anatomy and function were measured and analyzed. Results GDM fetuses＇ cardiac ventricular walls were thicker than controls＇, and the differences between DM1 and DM2 were not significant except for end-diastolic left ventricular walls. In both GDM groups, the aortic flow velocities increased earlier than pulmonary artery and DM1 fetuses changed earlier than DM2 ones. GDM fetuses＇ left atrial shortening fraction was smaller than the controls＇ in the period of ≥34 weeks and negatively correlated with thicknesses of left ventricular walls and interventricular septum in DM1 fetuses （r=-0.438 and -0.506）. The right ventricular diastolic function in DM1 and DM2 fetuses decreased after the period of 28-34 weeks and in the period of ≥34 weeks respectively. Tel index of both left and right ventricles increased in DM1 group after the period of 〈28 weeks and in DM2 group only in the period of ≥ 34 weeks, with no significant differences between DM1 and DM2 groups in this period. Conclusion Fetuses of GDM mothers showed cardiac function impairments. Good maternal glycemic control may delay the impairments, but cannot reduce the degree. Some cardiac changes in GDM fetuses were similar to those in pregestational diabetic pregnancies except for several parameters and their changing time.

Valvuloplasty of fetal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and hypoplastic right heart: Mid-term follow-up results

Objective:This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the results of mid-term follow-up after fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty(FPV)in fetuses with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum(PA/IVS).Methods:From August 31,2018,to May 31,2019,seven fetuses with PA/IVS and hypoplastic right heart were included in this study.All underwent echocardiography by the same specialist and were operated on by the same team.Intervention and echocardiography data were collected,and changes in the associated indices noted during follow-up were analyzed.Results:All seven fetuses successfully underwent FPV.The median gestational age at FPV was 27.54 weeks.The average FPV procedural time was 6 min.Persistent bradycardia requiring treatment occurred in 4/7 procedures.Finally,five pregnancies were successfully delivered,and the other two were aborted.Compared to data before fetal cardiac interventions(FCI),tricuspid valve annulus diameter/mitral valve annulus diameter(TV/MV)and right ventricle diameter/left ventricle diameter(RV/LV)of all fetuses had progressively improved.The maximum tricuspid regurgitation velocity decreased from 4.60 m/s to 3.64 m/s.The average follow-up time was 30.40±2.05 months.During the follow-up period,the diameter of the tricuspid valve ring in five children continued to improve,and the development rate of the tricuspid valve was relatively obvious from 6 months to 1 year after birth.However,the development of the right ventricle after birth was relatively slow.It was discovered that there were individual variations in the development of the right ventricle during follow-up.Conclusion:The findings support the potential for the development of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve in fetuses with PA/IVS who underwent FCI.Development of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve does not occur synchronously during pregnancy.The right ventricle develops rapidly in utero,but the development of tricuspid valve is more apparent after birth than in utero.

Critical evaluation of American categorization of fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations and three tier classification—Shortcomings, contradictions, remedies and need for debate

Fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations are the commonest aberrant feature on cardiotocograph (CTG) thus having a major influence on classification ofFHRpatterns into the three tier system. The unexplained paradox of early decelerations (head compression—an invariable phenomenon in labor) being extremely rare [1] should prompt a debate about scientific validity of current categorization. This paper demonstrates that there appear to be major fallacies in the pathophysiological hypothesis (cord compression—baroreceptor mechanism) underpinning of vast majority of (variable?) decelerations. Rapid decelerations during contractions with nadir matching peak of contractions are consistent with “pure” vagal reflex (head compression) rather than result of fetal blood pressure or oxygenation changes from cord compression. Hence, many American authors have reported that the abrupt FHR decelerations attributed to cord compression are actually due to head compression [2-6]. The paper debates if there are major fundamental fallacies in current categorization of FHR decelerations based concomitantly on rate of descent (reflecting putative aetiology?) and time relationship to contractions. Decelerations with consistently early timing (constituting majority) seem to get classed as “variable” because of rapid descent. A distorted unscientific categorization of FHR decelerations could lead to clinically unhelpful three tier classification system. Hence, the current unphysiological classification needs a fresh debate with consideration of alternative models and re-evaluation of clinical studies to test these. Open debate improves patient care and safety. The clue to benign reflex versus hypoxic nature of decelerations seems to be in the timing rather than the rate of descent. Although the likelihood of fetal hypxemia is related to depth and duration ofFHRdecelerations, the cut-offs are likely to be different for early/late/variable decelerations and it seems to be of paramount importance to get this discrimination right for useful visual or computerized system of CTG interpretation.

Association between Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring during Labor and Neonatal Acidosis in Full-Term Newborns: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study

Introduction: Fetal heart rate monitoring during labor is used to study fetal well-being and predict neonatal acidosis of newborn. Fetal heart rate monitoring is analyzed by the obstetrical team and categorized according to the FIGO guidelines. An important limitation of this diagnostic tool is an inter- and intra-observer variability, leading to subjective cardiotocography interpretation and classification. Our objective was to study the association between the categories of fetal heart rate analysis (according to FIGO classification) and neonatal acidosis of full-term newborns. Study design: This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study conducted between 2014 and 2018 in the Grand-Est region. We searched and included retrospectively children hospitalized in a pediatric intensive care unit in one of the participating hospitals with an ICD-10 coding type “P91.6” corresponding to “Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy”. Maternal, pregnancy, delivery, and newborn characteristics were collected and compared by univariate logistic regression with multiple imputation. Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the model and presented. Multiple imputation with m = 100 imputations was tested, using Rubin rules to combine the results. Results: 55 patients were included in the study. Fetal heart rate tracings classified in Category 3 as “pathological” according to FIGO guidelines were significantly associated with an increased risk of severe neonatal acidosis. Late decelerations and bradycardia during labor were associated with severe neonatal acidosis. Conclusion: Severe neonatal acidosis may be suspected by interpretation of fetal heart rate during labor. Fetal bradycardia and late decelerations are predictive of the severity of neonatal acidosis. This study emphasizes the need to screen severe neonatal acidosis and allows the identification of populations most at risk. Repeated team training and upgrading of fetal heart rate study would further reduce the incidence of neonatal acidosis.

Interpretation of British experts’ illustrations of fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations by Consultant Obstetricians, registrars and midwives: A prospective study—Reasons for major disagreement with experts and implications for clinical practice

Objective: To test the reproducibility of British experts’ (eFM, K2MS, Gibb and Arulkumaran) [1-3] illustrations of fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations by trained British Obstetricians and midwives. To analyze reasons for any discrepancies by examining factors relating to the participants, British experts’ descriptions and NICE guidelines [4]. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: National Health Service (NHS) Hospitals. Participants: 38 Obstetric Consultants, 49 registrars and 45 midwives. Methods: Printed questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Fisher’s Exact test. Results: This largest study of its kind showed almost unbelievably high disconnect between CTG interpretation by experts and participants. 98% - 100% midwives, 80% - 100% Registrars and 74% - 100% Consultants categorized FHR decelerations differently from the five experts’ illustrations/interpretations (p < 0.0001). Remarkably, the three experts’ illustrations of early (supposedly most benign) decelerations were classed as atypical variable by 56% Consultants, 78% Registrars and 99% midwives and the CTGs as pathological by 85% of the participants. Conclusions: The high degree of disagreement with the experts’ illustrations (p < 0.0001) did not appear to be due to participant factors. The immediate reasons seemed to be the conflicting illustrations and heterogeneity of experts’ descriptions. But most importantly, these appeared to stem from non-standardized ambiguous definitions of FHR decelerations and many intrinsic systemic flaws in the current NICE guidelines [4]. The NICE concept of “true uniform” (identical) early and late decelerations seems biologically implausible (a myth) and no examples can be found. Another myth seems to be that early and late decelerations should be gradual. Only very shallow decelerations will look “gradual” on the British CTG. These systemic flaws lead to dysfunctional CTG interpretation increasing intervention as well as impairing diagnosis of fetal hypoxemia. This is because the vast majority of FHR decelerations fall in a single heterogeneous “variable” group with many further classed as “atypical” (pathological) based on disproven and discredited criteria [5-7]. There is increasing evidence in USA that a system with variable decelerations as the majority is clinically unhelpful because of loss of information [5-9]. In the interest of patient care and safety, open debate is necessary regarding a better way forward. Classification of FHR decelerations based primarily and solely on time relationship to contractions appears more scientific and clinically useful.

The Diagnostic Accuracy of Automated Fetal Heart Echocardiography by Five Dimensional Compared to Two-Dimensional Ultrasound in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (FINE) method by Five-Dimensional Ultrasound in automated fetal heart examination to conventional fetal heart examination by Two-Dimensional ultrasound in second trimester pregnancy. Methods: 90 normal singleton pregnancies at the second trimester were enrolled in this prospective study. Fetal heart was examined by Two-Dimensional Ultrasound (2D US) and Five-Dimensional Ultrasound (FINE). Paired numerical data were compared using the paired samples t test. Inter-method agreement for the rating of the quality of cardiac views by 2D US or 5D US was assessed by calculation of the prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted kappa coefficient (PABAK). Results: There was no statistical significant difference between fetal heart echocardiography assessment using 2DUS or 5DUS(FINE) (p-value > 0.05). The overall inter-method agreement between 2D US and 5D US was 0.92. The difference in % of satisfactory views between 2D and 5D US was 1.73%, (95% CI - 0.5% to 3.33%) (P-value = 0.144). Conclusion: Our findings indicate the accuracy of 5DUS (FINE) echocardiography in evaluation of normal heart in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Creation of high position fetal balloon atrial septoplasty for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and highly restrictive atrial septum: A case report and literature review

Background:Fetal balloon atrial septoplasty(BAS)is performed through the restrictive foramen ovale in fetal cases with established hypoplastic left heart syndrome(HLHS)and an intact or highly restrictive atrial septum(RAS).Methods:In the current report,we present a case of high position BAS in a fetus with HLHS/RAS.Results:Echocardiography confirmed an adequate atrial opening above the foramen ovale and fetal pleural effusion resolved spontaneously 1 day after the procedure.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge,the creation of a high position hole in the thinner part of the atrial septum,instead of the restrictive tiny hole,has not been reported in fetal cases with HLHS/RAS.

The Signal Extraction of Fetal Heart Rate Based on Wavelet Transform and BP Neural Network

This paper briefly introduces the collection and recognition of bio-medical sig nals, designs the method to collect FM signals. A detailed discussion on the sys tem hardware, structure and functions is also given. Under LabWindows/CVI,the ha rdware and the driver do compatible, the hardware equipment work properly active ly. The paper adopts multi threading technology for real-time analysis and make s use of latency time of CPU effectively, expedites program reflect speed, impro ve s the program to perform efficiency. One threading is collecting data; the other threading is analyzing data. Using the method, it is broaden to analyze the sig nal in real-time. Wavelet transform to remove the main interference in the FM a nd by adding time-window to recognize with BP network; Finally the results of c ollecting signals and BP networks are discussed.8 pregnant women’s signals of F M were collected successfully by using the sensor. The correct of BP network rec ognition is about 83.3% by using the above measure.

基于多模态超声建构胎儿先天性心脏病决策树模型及其应用价值

目的:分析基于多模态超声建构胎儿先天性心脏病决策树模型及其应用价值。方法:随机选取2021年4月-2023年7月在本院产前超声检查孕中期孕妇300例,常规产科超声检查确定胎儿生长程度,核实孕周,采用超声多断面模式方法对胎儿心脏进行多断面检测,包括四腔心断面、三血管断面、主动脉弓断面、左室流出道断面、右室流出道断面。对正常分娩的新生儿进行心脏多断面超声检测。对300例胎儿进行多断面模式超声检测,分析胎儿是否伴有先天性心脏畸形,对比超声检查与随访结果符合情况。结果:超声检出21例先天性心脏畸形胎儿,8例选择引产,余13例正常分娩。超声诊断与随访结果对比,卵圆孔直径增大、法洛四联症、完全型心内膜垫缺损、二尖瓣闭锁、右室发育不良综合征、左室发育不良综合征、大动脉转位、永存动脉干、单心室、三尖瓣下移符合率均为100%,超声诊断室间隔缺损7例,随访发现室间隔诊断5例,诊断符合率71.4%。279例超声诊断无先天性心脏畸形胎儿出生后经超声诊断发现有1例卵圆孔未闭、3例室间隔缺损,共4例漏诊患儿,漏诊率0.54%。四腔心断面、三血管断面、主动脉弓断面、左室流出道断面、右室流出道断面诊断胎儿畸形率分别为3.95%、0.63%、2.76%、3.27%、3.25%。由决策树模型可得,产前超声检查发现胎儿心脏可疑异常、高龄孕妇、孕妇接受药物治疗或射线暴露、孕妇有先天性心脏病家族史是胎儿存在先天性心脏病的独立危险因素,其中产前超声检查发现胎儿心脏可疑异常的影响最为显著。结论:孕中期胎儿产前超声多断面模式筛查胎儿先天性心脏病,能够对多数胎儿先天性心脏病进行诊断。

非Ⅲ级胎监胎心率基线变异消失时长与频率变化规律

目的探索非Ⅲ级胎监胎心率基线变异消失时长与频率变化规律。方法随机选取2020年1月至2023年5月规律产检并住院分娩的宫内单活胎孕妇2000例,依孕期是否有高危因素,分为高危组与低危组。孕28周开始行胎心监护,每天一次直至分娩,观察其基线变异消失时长与频率变化。结果孕28~40^(+6)周胎心率基线变异消失时长中位数:低危组为5.45~12.40 s/次、高危组为5.95~12.00 s/次;频率中位数:低危组为2.00~3.00次/20 min、高危组为2.00~3.00次/20 min。重复测量方差分析示:两组间胎心率基线变异消失时长与频率:时间效应、组间效应、交互效应差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胎心率基线变异消失事件前12 h内:胎心率基线变异消失时长[M(P_(25),P_(75))]低危组为12.40(11.80,13.50)s/次,高危组为12.70(11.80,13.50)s/次;低危组与高危组胎心率基线变异消失频率[M(P_(25),P_(75))]均为4.00(3.00,5.00)次/20 min;重复测量方差分析示:两组间胎心率基线变异消失时长时间效应有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论非Ⅲ级胎监胎心率基线变异消失是胎儿心率生理不成熟的表现,也受监测临床环境影响,胎儿越危险,其变异消失持续时间越长,当变异消失时长≥10 s/次,频率≥3次/20 min提示胎心率基线变异消失事件,需及时干预。

胎儿心脏定量分析技术评估辅助生殖胎儿心脏形态和功能

目的:探讨胎儿心脏定量分析(fetal HQ)技术在辅助生殖技术(ART)胎儿心脏功能及形态评价中的应用价值。方法:本研究共纳入60例ART受孕胎儿(ART组),冻胚移植与鲜胚移植各30例,67例自然受孕胎儿(对照组)。应用fetal HQ软件计算得出整体球形指数(GSI)、左右心室整体应变值(GS)、面积变化分数(FAC)、24节段球形指数(SI)。应用Pearson相关性分析孕妇年龄、孕周、胎儿预估体质量、体质量指数、胎儿心率与心脏各参数的相关性。结果:(1)与对照组相比,ART组孕妇年龄更大、产次更少(P<0.05),其它临床特征差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)ART组胎儿与对照组比较GSI、GS、FAC、右室2~24节段SI值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);按移植方式进行亚组分析,冻胚组与对照组GSI及右室GS、右室FAC存在差异;鲜胚组与对照组GSI、GS、FAC存在差异;冻胚组与鲜胚组右室GS、右室FAC存在差异(P<0.05)。(3)相关性分析显示孕妇年龄、孕次、产次、胎儿预估体质量、体质量指数、胎儿心率、孕周与心脏各参数之间均无相关关系。结论:fetal HQ可以反映ART胎儿心脏心功能变化、整体及各节段形态变化,为中孕期ART胎儿心脏改变的早期识别提供了一种新的评估方法。

752例胎儿心脏病临床预后分级与产前产后一体化管理的中期随访结果

目的:分析胎儿心脏病(FHD)临床预后分级与产前产后一体化管理的中期随访结果。方法:回顾性分析2018年2月8日至2022年4月30日在中国医学科学院阜外医院(简称阜外医院)经胎儿超声心动图诊断的FHD胎儿817例。根据中国先天性心脏病(先心病)胎儿预后评分专家共识及阜外医院小儿外科中心评分将FHD分为Ⅰ级(0分)、Ⅱ级(1~3分)、Ⅲ级(4~6分)和Ⅳ级(7~9分)。需在新生儿期救治的FHD胎儿,完成孕产-出生-新生儿监护-外科手术-随访的全程闭环管理与救治,不保留的FHD胎儿引产。分析FHD胎儿的临床资料及中期随访结果。结果:共752例胎儿完成产前产后一体化管理的中期随访,平均随访(18.5±2.3)个月。FHDⅠ级胎儿111例(14.8%)、Ⅱ级251例(33.4%)、Ⅲ级275例(33.6%)、Ⅳ级115例(15.3%)。393例(52.2%)胎儿保留、1例(0.2%)胎死宫内、358例(47.6%)胎儿引产。与引产胎儿比,保留胎儿的孕妇年龄偏大,受检孕周更大,接受无创DNA及羊水穿刺检查的比率更低,发现染色体异常或基因异常的病例占比更小,FHD预后评分更低,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。FHDⅠ级胎儿中1例(0.9%)胎死宫内,110例(99.1%)出生并痊愈;Ⅱ级胎儿164例(65.3%)出生,并完成外科手术治愈或自行痊愈;Ⅲ级胎儿118例(42.9%)出生,其中117例完成双心室根治术,1例完成分期手术等待二期双心室根治术;Ⅳ级胎儿1例(0.9%)出生,并完成二期双向格林手术。FHDⅡ级引产胎儿中,8例(9.2%)因染色体或基因检测结果异常选择引产,8例(9.2%)合并其他脏器异常引产。FHDⅢ级引产胎儿中,5例(3.2%)合并染色体异常,5例(3.2%)基因检测异常,9例(5.7%)合并其他脏器异常。FHDⅣ级胎儿中只有1例(0.9%)左心发育不良综合征,因是双胎之一选择保留并顺利出生,生后新生儿期完成Norwood一期手术,6个月完成二期双向格林手术,术后恢复良好,其余胎儿均由孕产妇及家属选择引产。结论:根据临床预后进行分级管理有利于科学指导FHD胎儿的一体化救治,提高预后良好型FHD胎儿的救治成功率。

微小RNA-15a表达与妊娠期糖尿病患者胎儿心脏畸形的关系分析

目的探讨微小RNA-15a(miR-15a)表达与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者胎儿心脏畸形的关系。方法选取891例GDM患者作为疾病组,同时选取健康孕妇891例作为健康组,检测并比较2组母体血清miR-15a表达。根据疾病组是否发生胎儿心脏畸形将其分为畸形组和非畸形组,比较2组血清miR-15a表达及一般资料。另根据确诊孕周将疾病组患者分为A组和B组,根据空腹血糖升高程度将血糖控制不良患者分为C组和D组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析GDM患者胎儿心脏畸形影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清miR-15a表达对GDM患者胎儿心脏畸形的预测价值。结果疾病组血清miR-15a表达高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。GDM患者中胎儿心脏畸形发生率为2.87%(24/835)。畸形组血清miR-15a表达、年龄、孕前体质量指数和不良孕产史、血糖控制不良占比高于非畸形组,妊娠早期规律服用叶酸占比低于非畸形组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组、B组的血清miR-15a表达、胎儿心脏畸形发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。D组血清miR-15a表达、胎儿心脏畸形发生率高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清miR-15a表达(OR=16.651,95%CI:6.252~44.344)、年龄(OR=1.078,95%CI:1.006~1.156)、血糖控制不佳(OR=3.404,95%CI:1.852~5.137)是GDM患者胎儿心脏畸形的影响因素(P<0.05)。血清miR-15a表达预测GDM患者胎儿心脏畸形的最佳临界值、灵敏度、特异度、曲线下面积分别为2.34、87.50%、73.24%、0.827(95%CI:0.799~0.852)。结论在GDM患者中,血清miR-15a表达异常升高,其是预测GDM患者胎儿心脏畸形的有效指标。

超声联合染色体检测在诊断胎儿心脏发育异常中的价值

目的本研究旨在探讨超声联合染色体检测对于诊断胎儿心脏发育异常的临床价值。方法前瞻性选取2022年1月至2022年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院进行建档产检的孕妇进行超声检查,将高度疑似胎儿发育异常的96例孕妇纳入研究中。均接受染色体检测,以分娩后新生儿结局或引产诊断结果为金标准,对超声及染色体检测的诊断价值进行探究。结果对纳入研究的96例孕妇进行追踪随访(至分娩完成新生儿接受超声诊断或引产后接受病理诊断止),共追踪到29例胎儿心脏发育表现正常,67例胎儿心脏发育异常。经超声检查,32例产妇未见胎儿心脏发育异常,其他64例诊出胎儿心脏发育异常;经染色体检查,共诊出正常染色体36例,染色体异常64例。以分娩后新生儿结局或引产病理诊断结果为诊断金标准,超声检查真阳性(心脏发育异常)59例,真阴性(心脏发育异常)24例,超声联合染色体检测真阳性(心脏发育异常)63例,真阴性(心脏发育异常)23例。超声联合染色体检测诊断胎儿心脏发育异常的灵敏度、准确率分别为94.03%、89.58%,分别高于单独的超声检查(88.06%、86.46%),AUC值(95%CI)为0.854(0.762~0.946),优于单独的超声检查[0.878(0.773~0.960)]。结论超声联合染色体检测在诊断胎儿心脏发育异常方面具有较高的诊断价值和临床应用前景。相较于单独的超声检查,超声联合染色体检测展现出更高的灵敏度以及更优的准确率,可作为诊断胎儿心脏发育异常的有力工具。

胎儿超声心动图联合母体血清SFRP5、同型半胱氨酸浓度对先天性心脏病胎儿的诊断价值

目的分析胎儿超声心动图联合母体血清分泌型卷曲相关蛋白5(secreted frizzled-related protein 5,SFRP5)、同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)浓度对先天性心脏病(先心病)胎儿的诊断效能。方法选取2018年7月至2022年2月在十堰市妇幼保健院进行孕中期产前检查的孕妇2756例为研究对象,根据妊娠结局将孕妇分为先心病组(n=110),正常组(n=2646)。孕中期均行胎儿超声心动图检查。酶联免疫吸附法试验(enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测母体血清SFRP5浓度,全自动生化分析仪检测Hcy浓度。Pearson法分析先心病组母体血清SFRP5浓度与Hcy浓度的相关性。以妊娠结局为“金标准”,分析胎儿超声心动图、母体血清SFRP5、Hcy浓度及三者联合对先心病胎儿的诊断效能。结果先心病组母体血清SFRP5浓度明显低于正常组(P<0.05),Hcy浓度明显高于正常组(P<0.05),两者浓度呈负相关(r=-0.575,P<0.05)。胎儿超声心动图、母体血清SFRP5、Hcy浓度诊断先天性心脏病胎儿的灵敏度分别为63.64%、64.55%、65.45%,特异度分别为81.52%、81.07%、80.35%,准确度分别为80.81%、80.41%、79.75%。胎儿超声心动图、母体血清SFRP5、Hcy浓度联合诊断先心病胎儿的灵敏度、准确度分别为96.36%、80.91%,均高于三者单独检测,且三者联合诊断的灵敏度显著高于三者单独诊断(P<0.05)。结论胎儿超声心动图联合母体血清SFRP5、Hcy浓度对先心病胎儿具有较高的诊断价值,三者联合诊断可提高灵敏度。

孕妇抗核抗体谱与胎儿发育异常的关系

目的:探讨孕妇抗核抗体谱与胎儿发育异常的关系。方法:选择2020年1月至2023年12月在郑州大学第三附属医院行抗核抗体谱检测的孕妇2490例,通过胎儿四维彩超和超声心动图检测胎儿发育情况。使用免疫印迹法检测孕妇血清抗核抗体谱(抗双链DNA、核小体、组蛋白、核糖体蛋白P、SM、nRNP、SSA/Ro60、SSA/Ro52、SSB/La、着丝点、Scl-70和Jo-1抗体)。比较胎儿发育正常和发育异常孕妇血清抗核抗体谱阳性检出情况,胎儿心脏发育正常和发育异常孕妇血清抗着丝点抗体、抗SSA/Ro52抗体、抗着丝点或SSA/Ro52抗体和抗SSA/Ro60+SSA/Ro52+SSB/La抗体阳性检出情况。分析抗核抗体谱在胎儿心脏异常中的诊断价值。结果:2490例孕妇抗核抗体谱阳性检出率为5.38%。胎儿发育异常孕妇抗核抗体谱阳性检出率为7.2%(37/514),高于胎儿发育正常孕妇的4.9%(97/1976)(P=0.040)。胎儿发育正常和发育异常孕妇抗SSA/Ro60、SSA/Ro52、SSB/La和着丝点抗体阳性检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);78例胎儿心脏异常,其中心血管畸形51例、心律失常27例。胎儿心脏发育正常和发育异常孕妇抗着丝点抗体、抗SSA/Ro52抗体、抗着丝点或SSA/Ro52抗体、抗SSA/Ro60+SSA/Ro52+SSB/La抗体阳性检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕妇抗着丝点或SSA/Ro52抗体预测胎儿心脏发育异常的敏感度和阴性预测值分别为0.090和0.971;抗着丝点抗体预测的特异度和阳性预测值分别为0.999和0.400。结论:孕妇血清抗着丝点抗体、抗SSA/Ro52抗体以及抗SSA/Ro60+SSA/Ro52+SSB/La抗体阳性,可能提示胎儿心脏发育异常。