The Effect of Lymphocyte Immunotherapy on CD80^+ Cells at the Fetomaternal Interface and Cyesis Result of Mice Model of Spontaneous Abortion

Objectives To explore the relationship between CD80 expression on lymphocytes at the fetomaternal interface and the fertility characteristics in CBA/J×DBA/2 mice as a model of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and to investigate the effects of lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) on the level of CD80 expression. Materials & Methods The characteristics of fertility in CBA/J×DBA/2 mice were observed in a 120 day period and compared with four normal fertile groups. In another 15 pairs of CBA/J×DBA/2 breedings, resorption rate on day 13 of pregnancy were calculated and the proportion of CD80 + cells at the fetomaternal interface were determined by using two color flow cytometric analysis, mainly stained with CD80 FITC and CD45 PE. In order to determine the identity of CD80 + cells, the expression levels of CD3(T cell marker), DX5(NK cell marker), and MHC II(antigen presenting cell marker) were detected in this cell population. Furthermore, the resorption rate and the proportion of CD80 + cells among CBA/J×DBA/2 breedings with and without immunotherapy were also determined and compared with normal fertile controls. Results The characteristics of abortion in CBA/J×DBA/2 mice were recurrent abortion on about day 10 of gestation. The resorption rate in CBA/J×DBA/2 mice was significantly higher than that in BALB/c×DBA/2 mice (30.8%±16.6% vs. 7.7%±6.7%, P<0.01). Accordingly, the proportion of CD80 + cells evaluated at the fetomaternal interface in CBA/J×DBA/2 mice was also significantly higher (11.7% ±5.8% vs. 3.9%±1.8%, P<0.01). Resorption rate of CBA/J×DBA/2 mice underwent of LIT was significantly lower than that without LIT, and this decreased rate was correlated with decreased proportion of CD80 + cells. Conclusion In CBA/J×DBA/2 mice model, the characteristics of abortion seem to be peri implantation embryo resorption. A correlation between early embryonic waste and higher CD80 proportion at the fetomaternal interface suggests that CD80 + cells may be an important determinant in recurrent peri implantation abortion.

Fetal RBCs Potential in Obstetric Protocols to Minimize Fetomaternal Hemorrhage

Background: During pregnancy a small number of fetal RBCs (Red Blood Cells) enter maternal blood without risk, and incidence of significant feto-maternal hemorrhage (FMH) and isoimmunization depends on how much fetal blood enters maternal circulation;the use of flow cytometer (FCM) in FMH detection is considered the best laboratory technique. Aims: To evaluate role of FCM in FMH estimation to optimize delivery protocols and decrease isoimmunization. Subject and Method: 100 pregnant women at labor were included, equally classified into early cord clamping (ECC) and delayed cord clamping (DCC) groups, each including 25 women delivered vaginally and 25 with caesarian section;the control groups included 20 non-pregnant females, 20 at 3rd trimester and 20 neonates. Fetal RBCs were done on Becton Dickinson (B.D) FCM, and the reagents used were 5-Glutaraldehyde 0.5% Sigma cat. G5882, flouroscine isothiocyanite (FITC) anti-hemoglobin F (Hb-F) cat. 555748, anti-carbonic anhydrase, Triton-X100 solution and Alsever’s solution cat. HFH-11, 0.1% phosphate buffer saline/bovine serum albumin (PBS/BSA). Statistical Analysis: Mann Whitney’s U-test, Chi-squared, Fischer’s Exact tests, and SPSS for windows version 15.0. Results: There was a significant increase in the volume of the FMH in the ECC compared to DCC groups (p < 0.0001), also in the vaginal delivery comparing to caesarian section subgroups within the DCC group (p < 0.01), and in the ECC compared to DCC within caesarian section subgroup (p < 0.02). Conclusion: Fetal RBCs estimation by FCM is good;perinatal laboratory test should be done in routine investigations, as a guide for obstetric techniques that can alter FMH volume and decrease subsequent isoimmunization.

Villous Capillary Malformation and Intermediate Trophoblast Invasiveness:Histopathologic Findings From Fetomaternal Hemorrhage with Gestational Choriocarcinoma

To editor:Fetomaternal hemorrhage(FMH)refers to the fetal blood transfection into the maternal circulation,usually involving a bleeding volume exceeding 30 ml.This phenomenon can promptly trigger a sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern,posing a significant risk of life-threatening fetal anemia and even mortality1,2 Upon suspicion of FMH,immediate intervention is essential to prevent neonatal death,often leading to the insufficient recognition of placental examination in many published reports.However,an increasing number of FMH case reports have underscored the potential subsequent risk of choriocarcinoma.