BACKGROUND After approval for clinical use in 2017 early investigations of ultra-high-field abdominal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)have demonstrated the feasibility as well as diagnostic capabilities of liver,kidney...BACKGROUND After approval for clinical use in 2017 early investigations of ultra-high-field abdominal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)have demonstrated the feasibility as well as diagnostic capabilities of liver,kidney,and prostate MRI at 7-Tesla.However,the elevation of the field strength to 7-Tesla not only brought advantages to abdominal MRI but also presented considerable challenges and drawbacks,primarily stemming from heightened artifacts and limitations in Specific Absorption Rate,etc.Furthermore,evidence in the literature is relatively scarce concerning human studies in comparison to phantom/animal studies which necessitates an investigation into the evidence so far in humans and summarizing all relevant evidence.AIM To offer a comprehensive overview of current literature on clinical abdominal 7T MRI that emphasizes current trends,details relevant challenges,and provides a concise set of potential solutions.METHODS This systematic review adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.A PubMed search,utilizing Medical Subject Headings terms such as"7-Tesla"and organ-specific terms,was conducted for articles published between January 1,1985,and July 25,2023.Eligibility criteria included studies exploring 7T MRI for imaging human abdominal organs,encompassing various study types(in-vivo/ex-vivo,method development,reviews/meta-analyses).Exclusion criteria involved animal studies and those lacking extractable data.Study selection involved initial identification via title/abstract,followed by a full-text review by two researchers,with discrepancies resolved through discussion.Data extraction covered publication details,study design,population,sample size,7T MRI protocol,image characteristics,endpoints,and conclusions.RESULTS The systematic review included a total of 21 studies.The distribution of clinical 7T abdominal imaging studies revealed a predominant focus on the prostate(n=8),followed by the kidney(n=6)and the hepatobiliary system(n=5).Studies on these organs,and in the pancreas,demonstrated clear advantages at 7T.However,small bowel studies showed no significant improvements compared to traditional MRI at 1.5T.The majority of studies evaluated originated from Germany(n=10),followed by the Netherlands(n=5),the United States(n=5),Austria(n=2),the United Kingdom(n=1),and Italy(n=1).CONCLUSION Further increase of abdominal clinical MRI field strength to 7T demonstrated high imaging potential,yet also limitations mainly due to the inhomogeneous radiofrequency(RF)excitation field relative to lower field strengths.Hence,further optimization of dedicated RF coil elements and pulse sequences are expected to better optimize clinical imaging at high magnetic field strength.展开更多
X-ray computed tomography(CT),ultrasonography(US)and radionuclide scanning are important clinical methods for evaluating morphology of the kidney.These modalities are also applicable for estimating kidney function wit...X-ray computed tomography(CT),ultrasonography(US)and radionuclide scanning are important clinical methods for evaluating morphology of the kidney.These modalities are also applicable for estimating kidney function with time lapse analysis using proper contrastmedia as may be necessary.In the case of US,it can estimate kidney function based on the measurement of blood flow using the Doppler effect.Formerly,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was an inappropriate diagnostic imaging technique for abdominal organs because of their respiratory displacements.However,MRI is now actively used for kidney as well as liver or other parenchymal organs,in tandem with the technological advances.Unlike unenhanced X-ray CT,"conventional"MRI can distinguish the border between cortex and medulla in T1 or T2 weighted images.It was known that the border blurred with decreasing kidney function.Moreover,several other particular imaging methods were introduced in recent years,and these could be called"functional"MRI.In this review,the following are discussed:functional MRI for chronic kidney disease,which include blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI for evaluation of hypoxia,diffusion-weighted imagingfor evaluation of fibrosis,diffusion tensor imaging for evaluation of microstructure,and arterial spin labeling to evaluate the amount of organ perfusion,accompanied with several related articles.The ultimate goal of functional MRI is to provide useful in vivo information repeatedly for daily medical treatment non-invasively.展开更多
AIM:to study the prevalence and patterns of hepatic abnormal perfusion(HAP)visible by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS:Enhanced abdominal MRI was performed on 51 patients with AP.these ...AIM:to study the prevalence and patterns of hepatic abnormal perfusion(HAP)visible by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS:Enhanced abdominal MRI was performed on 51 patients with AP.these patients were divided into two groups according to the MRI results:those with signs of gallstones,cholecystitis,common bile duct(CBD)stones or dilatation of the CBD on MRI and those without.the prevalence,shape and distribution of HAP in the two groups were analyzed and compared.the severity of AP was graded using the MR severity index(MRSI).the correlation between the MRSI and HAP was then analyzed.RESULTS:Of the 51 patients with AP,32(63%)showed at least one sign of gallbladder and CBD abnormalities on the MR images,while 19(37%)showed no sign of gallbladder or CBD abnormalities.Nineteen patients(37%)had HAP visible in the enhanced images,including strip-,wedge-or patch-shaped HAP distributed in the hepatic tissue adjacent to the gallbladder and left and right liver lobes.there were no significant differences in the prevalence of HAP(χ2=0.305,P=0.581>0.05)or HAP distribution in the liver(χ2=2.181,P=0.536>0.05)between patients with and without gallbladder and CBD abnormalities.there were no significant differences in the MRSI score between patients with and without HAP(t=0.559,P=0.552>0.05).HAP was not correlated with the MRSI score.CONCLUSION:HAP is common in patients with AP and appears strip-,patch-or wedge-shaped on MRI.HAP on MRI cannot be used to indicate the severity of AP.展开更多
Occasionally systemic complications with high risk of death,such as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS),can occur following multiple bee stings.This case study reports a patient who presented with MODS,i.e.,acut...Occasionally systemic complications with high risk of death,such as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS),can occur following multiple bee stings.This case study reports a patient who presented with MODS,i.e.,acute kidney injury,hepatic and cardiac dysfunc-tion,after multiple bee stings.The standard clinical findings were then correlated with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)findings,which demonstrates that MRI may be utilized as a simpler tool to use than other mul-tiple diagnostics.展开更多
Congenital central nervous system tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are rare, and often have a poor prognosis. The most frequent type is the teratoma. Use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance image allows the suspicio...Congenital central nervous system tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are rare, and often have a poor prognosis. The most frequent type is the teratoma. Use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance image allows the suspicion of brain tumors during pregnancy. However, the definitive diagnosis is only confirmed after birth by histology. The purpose of this mini-review article is to describe the general clinical aspects of intracranial tumors and describe the main fetal brain tumors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mixed epithelial and stromal tumors of the kidney (MESTKs) are a rare entity (about a hundred cases reported).They occur almost exclusively in postmenopausal women,with only seven cases reported in men.As t...BACKGROUND Mixed epithelial and stromal tumors of the kidney (MESTKs) are a rare entity (about a hundred cases reported).They occur almost exclusively in postmenopausal women,with only seven cases reported in men.As this entity is very rare,little is known on its imaging features,especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.In women,at MRI,the cystic component shows T1 hypointensity and T2 hyperintensity,while the solid component shows T1 hyperintensity and T2 hypointensity.CASE SUMMARY We report the computed tomography (CT) and MRI findings of MESTK in a 19- year-old male adolescent.To our knowledge,this case report is the first report of MRI findings of MESTK in male adolescents.The patient was admitted to Subei People's Hospital (Jiangsu Province,China) in July 2017 after a renal mass on the left side was detected by ultrasound during a clinical examination.Blood tests were all normal.Non-enhanced CT showed a round,well-circumscribed complex mass,approximately 45 mm × 40 mm in size.MRI revealed a clear wellcircumscribed mass with a mixed arrangement of solid and cystic components.On T2 weighted images,some hypointensities were found in the solid areas.After contrast enhancement,moderate or mild enhancement was found in the solid component,which increased with time.A radical left nephrectomy was performed.The pathology analysis revealed a mixed epithelial and stromal tumor.The patient had no imaging findings of recurrence or metastasis at 12 months following surgery.CONCLUSION The possibility of MESTK should be considered in male adolescents.MRI can provide useful information for the preoperative diagnosis.展开更多
目的:采用Meta分析比较磁共振成像(MRI)与超声(US)对唇腭裂产前诊断的临床应用价值。方法:检索Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、万方、维普、中国知网及中国生物医学文献等数据库,查找比较MRI及US对胎儿唇腭裂产前...目的:采用Meta分析比较磁共振成像(MRI)与超声(US)对唇腭裂产前诊断的临床应用价值。方法:检索Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、万方、维普、中国知网及中国生物医学文献等数据库,查找比较MRI及US对胎儿唇腭裂产前诊断的相关研究,检索时限为2000年1月至2022年12月。计算汇总诊断比值比、灵敏度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、受试者工作特性曲线下面积(AUC)、验前验后概率及95%CI。结果:纳入文献6篇,共235例。MRI和US合并灵敏度分别为0.98(95%CI:0.94~0.99)和0.70(95%CI:0.35~0.91),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MRI和US合并特异度分别为0.84(95%CI:0.76~0.90)和0.59(95%CI:0.21~0.89),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MRI的AUC显著高于US的AUC(0.98 vs.0.84,P<0.05)。结论:对于胎儿唇腭裂的产前诊断,MRI较US诊断效能更高,可作为产前US诊断的首要补充方法。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND After approval for clinical use in 2017 early investigations of ultra-high-field abdominal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)have demonstrated the feasibility as well as diagnostic capabilities of liver,kidney,and prostate MRI at 7-Tesla.However,the elevation of the field strength to 7-Tesla not only brought advantages to abdominal MRI but also presented considerable challenges and drawbacks,primarily stemming from heightened artifacts and limitations in Specific Absorption Rate,etc.Furthermore,evidence in the literature is relatively scarce concerning human studies in comparison to phantom/animal studies which necessitates an investigation into the evidence so far in humans and summarizing all relevant evidence.AIM To offer a comprehensive overview of current literature on clinical abdominal 7T MRI that emphasizes current trends,details relevant challenges,and provides a concise set of potential solutions.METHODS This systematic review adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.A PubMed search,utilizing Medical Subject Headings terms such as"7-Tesla"and organ-specific terms,was conducted for articles published between January 1,1985,and July 25,2023.Eligibility criteria included studies exploring 7T MRI for imaging human abdominal organs,encompassing various study types(in-vivo/ex-vivo,method development,reviews/meta-analyses).Exclusion criteria involved animal studies and those lacking extractable data.Study selection involved initial identification via title/abstract,followed by a full-text review by two researchers,with discrepancies resolved through discussion.Data extraction covered publication details,study design,population,sample size,7T MRI protocol,image characteristics,endpoints,and conclusions.RESULTS The systematic review included a total of 21 studies.The distribution of clinical 7T abdominal imaging studies revealed a predominant focus on the prostate(n=8),followed by the kidney(n=6)and the hepatobiliary system(n=5).Studies on these organs,and in the pancreas,demonstrated clear advantages at 7T.However,small bowel studies showed no significant improvements compared to traditional MRI at 1.5T.The majority of studies evaluated originated from Germany(n=10),followed by the Netherlands(n=5),the United States(n=5),Austria(n=2),the United Kingdom(n=1),and Italy(n=1).CONCLUSION Further increase of abdominal clinical MRI field strength to 7T demonstrated high imaging potential,yet also limitations mainly due to the inhomogeneous radiofrequency(RF)excitation field relative to lower field strengths.Hence,further optimization of dedicated RF coil elements and pulse sequences are expected to better optimize clinical imaging at high magnetic field strength.
文摘X-ray computed tomography(CT),ultrasonography(US)and radionuclide scanning are important clinical methods for evaluating morphology of the kidney.These modalities are also applicable for estimating kidney function with time lapse analysis using proper contrastmedia as may be necessary.In the case of US,it can estimate kidney function based on the measurement of blood flow using the Doppler effect.Formerly,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was an inappropriate diagnostic imaging technique for abdominal organs because of their respiratory displacements.However,MRI is now actively used for kidney as well as liver or other parenchymal organs,in tandem with the technological advances.Unlike unenhanced X-ray CT,"conventional"MRI can distinguish the border between cortex and medulla in T1 or T2 weighted images.It was known that the border blurred with decreasing kidney function.Moreover,several other particular imaging methods were introduced in recent years,and these could be called"functional"MRI.In this review,the following are discussed:functional MRI for chronic kidney disease,which include blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI for evaluation of hypoxia,diffusion-weighted imagingfor evaluation of fibrosis,diffusion tensor imaging for evaluation of microstructure,and arterial spin labeling to evaluate the amount of organ perfusion,accompanied with several related articles.The ultimate goal of functional MRI is to provide useful in vivo information repeatedly for daily medical treatment non-invasively.
文摘AIM:to study the prevalence and patterns of hepatic abnormal perfusion(HAP)visible by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS:Enhanced abdominal MRI was performed on 51 patients with AP.these patients were divided into two groups according to the MRI results:those with signs of gallstones,cholecystitis,common bile duct(CBD)stones or dilatation of the CBD on MRI and those without.the prevalence,shape and distribution of HAP in the two groups were analyzed and compared.the severity of AP was graded using the MR severity index(MRSI).the correlation between the MRSI and HAP was then analyzed.RESULTS:Of the 51 patients with AP,32(63%)showed at least one sign of gallbladder and CBD abnormalities on the MR images,while 19(37%)showed no sign of gallbladder or CBD abnormalities.Nineteen patients(37%)had HAP visible in the enhanced images,including strip-,wedge-or patch-shaped HAP distributed in the hepatic tissue adjacent to the gallbladder and left and right liver lobes.there were no significant differences in the prevalence of HAP(χ2=0.305,P=0.581>0.05)or HAP distribution in the liver(χ2=2.181,P=0.536>0.05)between patients with and without gallbladder and CBD abnormalities.there were no significant differences in the MRSI score between patients with and without HAP(t=0.559,P=0.552>0.05).HAP was not correlated with the MRSI score.CONCLUSION:HAP is common in patients with AP and appears strip-,patch-or wedge-shaped on MRI.HAP on MRI cannot be used to indicate the severity of AP.
文摘Occasionally systemic complications with high risk of death,such as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS),can occur following multiple bee stings.This case study reports a patient who presented with MODS,i.e.,acute kidney injury,hepatic and cardiac dysfunc-tion,after multiple bee stings.The standard clinical findings were then correlated with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)findings,which demonstrates that MRI may be utilized as a simpler tool to use than other mul-tiple diagnostics.
文摘Congenital central nervous system tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are rare, and often have a poor prognosis. The most frequent type is the teratoma. Use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance image allows the suspicion of brain tumors during pregnancy. However, the definitive diagnosis is only confirmed after birth by histology. The purpose of this mini-review article is to describe the general clinical aspects of intracranial tumors and describe the main fetal brain tumors.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81401384Social Develop Foundation of Yangzhou,No.2017066+1 种基金Yangzhou City Science and Education Strengthening Leading Talents Project,No.LJRC201810Yangzhou City Science and Education Strengthening Key Talents Project,No.ZDRC201873
文摘BACKGROUND Mixed epithelial and stromal tumors of the kidney (MESTKs) are a rare entity (about a hundred cases reported).They occur almost exclusively in postmenopausal women,with only seven cases reported in men.As this entity is very rare,little is known on its imaging features,especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.In women,at MRI,the cystic component shows T1 hypointensity and T2 hyperintensity,while the solid component shows T1 hyperintensity and T2 hypointensity.CASE SUMMARY We report the computed tomography (CT) and MRI findings of MESTK in a 19- year-old male adolescent.To our knowledge,this case report is the first report of MRI findings of MESTK in male adolescents.The patient was admitted to Subei People's Hospital (Jiangsu Province,China) in July 2017 after a renal mass on the left side was detected by ultrasound during a clinical examination.Blood tests were all normal.Non-enhanced CT showed a round,well-circumscribed complex mass,approximately 45 mm × 40 mm in size.MRI revealed a clear wellcircumscribed mass with a mixed arrangement of solid and cystic components.On T2 weighted images,some hypointensities were found in the solid areas.After contrast enhancement,moderate or mild enhancement was found in the solid component,which increased with time.A radical left nephrectomy was performed.The pathology analysis revealed a mixed epithelial and stromal tumor.The patient had no imaging findings of recurrence or metastasis at 12 months following surgery.CONCLUSION The possibility of MESTK should be considered in male adolescents.MRI can provide useful information for the preoperative diagnosis.
文摘目的:采用Meta分析比较磁共振成像(MRI)与超声(US)对唇腭裂产前诊断的临床应用价值。方法:检索Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、万方、维普、中国知网及中国生物医学文献等数据库,查找比较MRI及US对胎儿唇腭裂产前诊断的相关研究,检索时限为2000年1月至2022年12月。计算汇总诊断比值比、灵敏度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、受试者工作特性曲线下面积(AUC)、验前验后概率及95%CI。结果:纳入文献6篇,共235例。MRI和US合并灵敏度分别为0.98(95%CI:0.94~0.99)和0.70(95%CI:0.35~0.91),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MRI和US合并特异度分别为0.84(95%CI:0.76~0.90)和0.59(95%CI:0.21~0.89),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MRI的AUC显著高于US的AUC(0.98 vs.0.84,P<0.05)。结论:对于胎儿唇腭裂的产前诊断,MRI较US诊断效能更高,可作为产前US诊断的首要补充方法。
