Curved Spine:The Shape of Spine in Taoist Body Diagrams and Its Influence on Medical Body Diagrams

From the early Taoist diagrams of the human body to the end of the Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,Taoists exaggerated and deformed the human spine in a shape-shifting manner.It is likely that medical practitioners were influenced by this style of representation,and there are also numerous diagrams of the human body with the curved spine in the lateral-view diagrams of viscera and Ming Tang Tu(明堂图Acupuncture and Moxibustion Chart),which constantly show the human torso in an elliptical“egg shape”.No later than the Ming dynasty,medical practitioners began to depict the actual physiological spinal curve of the human body.By the Qing dynasty,the depiction of the spinal curve in medical diagrams of the human figure showed a tendency to part ways with the Taoist freehand style of the previous generation.Although the representation of the curve of the spine was very crude,later medical images of the human body at least gradually straightened the spine and no longer depicted it in a shape-shifting manner.However,the curved spine in Taoist diagrams of the human body continued to exist,and the presentation of the curved spine never changed.This way of depicting its appearance,which is very different from reality,is shaped by Taoism's special way of perceiving and viewing the body,and may also contain another form of truth.

A Future Life of Binary Phase Diagrams

The article raises the question of what to do with one of the main achievements of metal science in recent years—binary phase diagrams. These diagrams play a key role in the science of alloys and therefore their reliability must be complete. However, the discovery of the “ordering-separation” phase transition, which showed that in binary alloys at certain temperatures the sign of the chemical interatomic interaction changes (and, consequently, the microstructure changes), forces us to reconsider our ideas about those areas. Currently, these areas are designated on diagrams as areas of a “disordered solid solution.” This article proposes, using transmission electron microscopy, to study all the so-called solid solution regions, and apply the results obtained to the studied regions of the phase diagram.

From rectangle to parallelogram:an area-weighted method to make time-space diagrams incorporate traffic waves

A time-space(TS)traffic diagram is one of the most important tools for traffic visualization and analysis.Recently,it has been empirically shown that using parallelogram cells to construct a TS diagram outperforms using rectangular cells due to its incorporation of traffic wave speed.However,it is not realistic to immediately change the fundamental method of TS diagram construction that has been well embedded in various systems.To quickly make the existing TS diagram incorporate traffic wave speed and exhibit more realistic traffic patterns,the paper proposes an area-weighted transformation method that directly transforms rectangular-cell-based TS(rTS)diagrams into parallelogram-cell-based TS(pTS)diagrams,avoiding tracing back the raw data of speed to make the transformation.Two five-hour trajectory datasets from Japanese highway segments are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.The travel time-based comparison involves assessing the disparities between actual travel times and those computed using rTS diagrams,as well as travel times derived directly from pTS diagrams based on rTS diagrams.The results show that travel times calculated from pTS diagrams converted from rTS diagrams are closer to the actual values,especially in congested conditions,demonstrating superior performance in parallelogram representation.The proposed transformation method has promising prospects for practical applications,making the widely-existing TS diagrams show more realistic traffic patterns.

城市过饱和区域积分终端滑模控制算法

【目标】现有基于滑模变结构的区域边界控制算法存在明显缺陷,即系统状态需要在时间趋于无穷大时才能收敛到平衡点,仅能保证系统的渐进稳定。这显然无法满足现代城市交通管理对于快速响应和高效调控的需求。为克服该局限,提出一种基于宏观基本图和积分终端滑模的区域边界控制算法,获得较快的收敛速度以及较好的鲁棒性和扰动抑制特性。【方法】首先,将干扰(非门控或区域内部交通量)和宏观基本图建模中的不确定性视为集总干扰,建立城市过饱和区域边界控制系统模型。在此基础上,引入非线性积分终端滑动超平面,设计一种基于积分终端滑模的边界控制算法。【结果】将所提方法应用于5×5均匀棋盘路网中,路网累积空间交通流量有超过1%的提升,部分算例中接近5%;平均速度有超过5%的提升,部分算例中超过8%。所提出算法具有较快的收敛速度和较好的扰动抑制能力,能显著提升路网累计吞吐量和路网中车辆平均速度,缓解过饱和区域交通拥堵。【结论】相较于既有滑模变结构边界控制算法,所提出算法采用非线性积分终端滑动超平面,能保证受控路网状态在预设有限时间内收敛到期望状态;相较于既有比例积分控制策略,能更好处理受控路网中非常值干扰交通需求和宏观基本图建模中存在的低离散度。

深大圆形沉井基底隆起安全系数结构参数敏感性分析

针对不同工况下的圆形沉井,采用高效的有限元分析软件OptumG2,并运用强度折减法对沉井的基底隆起安全系数进行了求解;通过对结构参数的敏感性分析,揭示了不同沉井规模和下沉阶段对基底稳定性的影响,并绘制了基底隆起安全系数的等值线图。该研究结果可为设计人员在实际工程中快速确定沉井基底隆起安全系数和优化施工方案提供科学依据和参考,以及为未来城市建设中的沉井设计提供有力支持。

东营凹陷八面河地区古近系沙四段湖相白云岩测井识别及应用

湖相白云岩储层岩石组分复杂、结构多样,利用测井资料对白云岩岩性进行识别具有重要意义。为了解决传统测井方法工作量大和识别精度低等问题,提出利用蛛网图-交会图-主成分分析法融合的方法,构建岩性敏感因子交会图,开展湖相白云岩岩性综合识别。研究结果表明:①东营凹陷八面河地区古近系沙四段主要由颗粒云岩、微晶云岩、泥晶云岩、砂岩和页岩等组成,其中,颗粒云岩、微晶云岩和页岩为主要岩石类型。②优选6类特征参数分析不同岩石类型蛛网图和交会图的差异,其中,GR和AC可有效区分颗粒云岩,SP对砂岩具有较好的识别效果,在蛛网图与交会图的识别成果基础上,应用主成分分析法对测井参数进行标准化处理,构建出累计方差贡献率为90.75%的主成分F1和F2,建立岩性判别模型,综合识别岩性。③通过产能与取心井验证,岩性识别准确度高达85.4%,明确研究区颗粒云岩在西部以SW—NE走向呈条带状分布,向南部和北部过渡为微晶云岩和泥晶云岩,东部则以不规则分布的砂岩为主。

Predominance diagrams for Zn(Ⅱ)-NH_3-Cl^--H_2O system

The thermodynamics in zinc hydrometallurgical process was studied using a chemical equilibrium modeling code（GEMS） to predict the zinc solubility and construct the species distribution and predominance diagrams for the Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-H2O and Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O system.The zinc solubilities in ammoniacal solutions were also measured with equilibrium experiments,which agree well with the predicted values.The distribution and predominance diagrams show that ammine and hydroxyl ammine complexes are the main aqueous Zn species,Zn（NH3）24-is predominant in weak alkaline solution for both Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-H2O and Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O systems.In Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O system,the ternary complexes containing ammonia and chloride increase the zinc solubility in neutral solution.There are three zinc compounds,Zn（OH）2,Zn（OH）1.6Cl0.4 and Zn（NH3）2Cl2,on which the zinc solubility depends,according to the total ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration.These thermodynamic diagrams show the effects of ammonia,chloride and zinc concentration on the zinc solubility,which can provide thermodynamic references for the zinc hydrometallurgy.

Holographic alloy positioning design system and holographic network phase diagrams of Au-Cu system

Taking Au?Cu system as an example, three discoveries and two methods were presented. First, a new way for boosting sustainable progress of systematic metal materials science (SMMS) and alloy gene engineering (AGE) is to establish holographic alloy positioning design (HAPD) system, of which the base consists of measurement and calculation center, SMMS center, AGE center, HAPD information center and HAPD cybernation center; Second, the resonance activating-sychro alternating mechanism of atom movement may be divided into the located and oriented diffuse modes; Third, the equilibrium and subequilibrium holographic network phase diagrams are blueprints and operable platform for researchers to discover, design, manufacture and deploy advanced alloys, which are obtained respectively by the equilibrium lever numerical method and cross point numerical method of isothermal Gibbs energy curves. As clicking each network point, the holographic information of three structure levels for the designed alloy may be readily obtained: the phase constitution and fraction, phase arranging structure and properties of organization; the composition, alloy gene arranging structure and properties of each phase and the electronic structures and properties of alloy genes. It will create a new era for network designing advanced alloys.

Solubility and phase diagrams of hydroxyl manganese chloride

In the course of the basic research on the ammonia-evaporation reaction of manganese monoxide （MnO）, hydroxyl manganese chloride （Mn2（OH）3Cl） was found. The solubility and phase diagrams of the hydroxyl manganese chloride were investigated. The aqueous thermostat and vibrating bed were used to determine the solubility of hydroxyl manganese chloride in water, ammonium chloride and manganese chloride system, and the phase diagrams of multicomponent system were drawn. The research results indicate that hydroxyl manganese chloride has been produced in laboratory and is in favor of the solid-liquid separation at high temperature.

Establishment of continuous cooling transformation diagrams of aluminum alloys using in situ voltage measurement

An effective method was proposed to establish the continuous cooling transformation（CCT） diagrams of aluminum alloys using in situ voltage measurement.The voltage change of samples with predefined dimension was recorded under the constant current state during continuous cooling.Solutionizing time,together with starting and finishing temperatures of phase transformation of the alloy can be obtained from relationships of voltage vs time and temperature.A critical cooling rate without detectable phase transition during continuous cooling can be determined.Continuous cooling transformation diagrams of tested samples can be established conveniently based on these results.Microstructure observation and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） testing were applied to verify the reliability of continuous cooling transformation diagram.

Alloy gene Gibbs energy partition function and equilibrium holographic network phase diagrams of AuCu_3-type sublattice system

Taking AuCu3-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented: First, the third barrier hindering the progress in metal materials science is that researchers have got used to recognizing experimental phenomena of alloy phase transitions during extremely slow variation in temperature by equilibrium thinking mode and then taking erroneous knowledge of experimental phenomena as selected information for establishing Gibbs energy function and so-called equilibrium phase diagram. Second, the equilibrium holographic network phase diagrams of AuCu3-type sublattice system may be used to describe systematic correlativity of the composition?temperature-dependent alloy gene arranging structures and complete thermodynamic properties, and to be a standard for studying experimental subequilibrium order-disorder transition. Third, the equilibrium transition of each alloy is a homogeneous single-phase rather than a heterogeneous two-phase, and there exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region of the ordered and disordered phases; the composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from the ones of the critical point of the AuCu3 compound.

Alloy gene Gibbs energy partition function and equilibrium holographic network phase diagrams of Au_3Cu-type sublattice system

Taking Au3Cu-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented. First, the fourth barrier to hinder the progress of metal materials science is that today’s researchers do not understand that the Gibbs energy function of an alloy phase should be derived from Gibbs energy partition function constructed of alloy gene sequence and their Gibbs energy sequence. Second, the six rules for establishing alloy gene Gibbs energy partition function have been discovered, and it has been specially proved that the probabilities of structure units occupied at the Gibbs energy levels in the degeneracy factor for calculating configuration entropy should be degenerated as ones of component atoms occupied at the lattice points. Third, the main characteristics unexpected by today’s researchers are as follows. There exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region coexisting by the ordered and disordered phases. The composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from those of the critical point of the Au3Cu compound; At 0 K, the composition of the lowest point on the composition-dependent Gibbs energy curve is notably deviated from that of the Au3Cu compounds. The theoretical limit composition range of long range ordered Au3Cu-type alloys is determined by the first jumping order degree.

基于第一性原理和热力学计算的TiAl-Nb金属间化合物稳定性和相关系研究

采用基于广义梯度近似密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算和相图计算方法,研究了TiAl-Nb合金中γ、α_(2)、O_(2)和ωo相的热力学和力学性质以及相转变关系.研究表明,第一性原理计算得到的化合物相的参数是准确的,且分析结果与相图计算结果相一致.四个化合物相都是能够稳定存在的相.通过热力学和力学性质的分析,发现α_(2)相更容易转变为O_(2)相,并且在一定条件下可以通过相变反应生成ωo相.而γ相更容易转变为ωo相,但无法生成O_(2)相.

复合型裂纹拘束度及其承压结构失效评定图研究

围绕平板试样和管道结构的裂尖拘束度以及失效评定图(Failure Assessment Diagram,FAD)进行研究,旨在探明试样和管道之间的适配性和关联性。基于有限元法获得了中心裂纹板(Central Cracked Plate,CCP)试样以及含裂纹承压管道裂尖的拘束度,发现单轴加载作用下的CCP试样裂尖拘束度与轴向拉载荷作用下的厚壁管道较匹配,而双轴载荷作用下的CCP试样与内压作用下的薄壁管道较匹配。此外,获得了CCP试样和管道结构的FAD,发现CCP试样的FAD受厚度的影响较小;指出平行于裂纹方向的应力是使得结构的失效评定曲线(Failure Assessment Curve,FAC)提高的主要因素。最后,发现具有相同拘束度水平、裂尖复合程度以及加载方式的两种结构,CCP试样的FAC高于承压管道的FAC,即采用CCP试样的FAD评定管道结构是不安全的。

Informational digital diagrams applied to predict spring wind,snow,and sandstorms

Using informational digital diagrams, we analyzed the snow event that occurred on Feb 26, 2006 and the sandstorm on Apr 11, 2006 in Xi＇an. Results indicate that, under similar weather circumstances, different events evidently exhibit unique vertical structure features. Informational digital diagrams provide a method for transitional weather prediction, a problem for present extrapolative analysis system.

Thermodynamic Modeling and Phase Diagrams of Hexagonal and Cubic GaN Single-Crystal FilmGrowth by ECR-PEMOCVD Method

Based on thermodynamic equilibrium theory,a chemical equilibrium model for GaN g rowth is given in electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced metalorganic chem ical vapor deposition (ECR-PEMOCVD) system.Calculation indicates that the growt h driving force are functions of growth conditions:group Ⅲ input partial press ure,input Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio,and growth temperature.Furthermore,the growth phase diag rams of hexagonal and cubic GaN film growth are obtained,which are consistent wi th our experimental conditions to some extent.Through analysis,it is explained t he reason that high temperature and high input Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio are favorable for he xagonal GaN film growth.This model can be extended to the similar systems used f or GaN single-crystal film growth.

基于跨域因果图的FCC分馏系统攻击故障辨识方法

针对催化裂化(fluid catalytic cracking,FCC)分馏系统在网络攻击和系统故障具有相似特征情况下难以辨识的问题,提出了一种基于跨域因果图的攻击故障辨识方法。首先,将数据驱动和拓扑知识融合以构建跨域因果图,涵盖物理层和信息层的变量节点和设备节点;其次,结合多源异常证据集,设计了基于弗洛伊德的异常因果传播路径搜索算法,得到异常节点间的因果传播路径;最后根据必经点约束、单点异常约束、必经点最大数量约束等条件,结合异常发生时间,得到异常传播路径的最小树型图,根据根节点位置判断系统异常类型。该方法在FCC分馏仿真系统上验证了有效性,结果表明其辨识准确率为94.84%,对正常工况、故障工况和攻击工况的检测召回率分别为97.11%、93.25%、95.30%,相比同类方案,该方法不仅解决了相似特征带来的辨识难题,还能在保证较高的辨识准确率的同时,给出异常传播路径,为安全防护提供报警信息。

扭力梁车轮面加工自动分配余量设备的研制

在汽车组成中,后桥是它的重要部件,在非独立后悬架系列中,目前不少轿车的后悬架采用扭力梁的结构。它不仅成本低,而且能通过前束控制,使整车获得良好平顺性的同时,操纵性能也有所改善。但后桥车轮安装面的强度对悬架系统有较大的影响,对车轮面的强度运用机械加工方法,通过公差的调整、定位销结构的设计、检测装置的研发、余量分配逻辑关系图的构想,探讨后桥车轮面加工时如何保证车轮面设计厚度的机床研制,为国内汽车扭力梁制造提供了一套完整的解决方案,实现了扭力梁机加工艺设备的产业化。

基于系统动力学模型的医院舆情风险研究

目的应用系统动力学模型探讨医院舆情风险系统的作用力,为医院舆情管理提供参考。方法构建医院舆情风险的因果回路图和存量流量图,结合案例舆情事件设定模型的方程和参数,应用Vensim PLE软件模拟仿真。结果医院子系统和政府子系统的作用变量分别增加10%,都会降低医院舆情风险,其中政府作用力更强,“峰值到消退阶段”比“起始到峰值阶段”作用更明显。将系统5个流量变量分别增加10%后比较舆情风险的变化,在舆情起始和发展阶段,事件作用力最大,其次是网媒和医院的作用力;在舆情峰值和消退阶段,政府作用力最大,其次是网媒和医院的作用力。结论在舆情起始阶段,医院应侧重事件主体,将舆情控制在初始萌芽状态;在发展和峰值阶段,医院应有效回应,表明态度,澄清事实,提倡政府适时介入,降低舆情热度,维护社会稳定;在消退阶段,医院应利用事件余热进行形象重塑。

基于改进优序图法的读时故障注入设计

软件故障注入是可靠性验证的重要保障,与系统的安全性和鲁棒性密切相关。提出了一种基于改进优序图法的读时故障注入方法。相比于传统方法,所提方法能够提高故障注入的有效性,缩小故障空间。首先,对小尺度程序故障注入的结果进行理论分析,得到特征值权重向量;然后,对大尺度程序的汇编代码进行解析,得到汇编代码的特征值;之后,根据特征值权重向量,计算大尺度程序汇编代码的权重;最后,在MiBench数据集上验证方法的有效性。将大尺度程序各条汇编代码分别按照权重和有效故障率进行降序排列,各取前50%的元素,二者的相似度可达到81%。