Highly sensitive fiber refractive index sensor based on side-core holey structure

We propose a side-core holey fiber （SCHF）-based surface plasmon resonance （SPR） sensor to achieve high refractive index （RI） sensitivity. The SCHF structure can facilitate analyte filling and enhance the overlapping area of the core mode and surface plasmon polariton （SPP） mode. The coupling properties of the sensor are analyzed by numerical simulation. The maximum sensitivity of 5000 nm/RIU in an RI range of 1.33-1.44, and the average sensitivity of 9295 nm/RIU in an RI range from 1.44 to 1.54 can be obtained.

Comprehensive Characterization Model of Integrated Cotton Fiber Quality Index

An integrated cotton fiber quality index （ICFQI） model with cotton fiber qualities which can directly express cotton fiber integrated quality and spinning yarn quality was studied. The fiber length, strength, Micronalre （fiber fineness and fiber maturity）, uniformity of fiber length, and short fiber content are the pivotal indexes expressing ICFQI. All of the results above are the basic knowledge to build up the models of ICFQI. According to spinning consistency index （SCI）, spinning strength and spinning yarn integrated quality, ICFQI was the best choice. As the methods of ICFQI had quite a lot of advantages like explicit mechanism, few independent variables. The integrated fiber quality index had a significant positive correlation with yarn strength and spinning consistency, significant negative correlation with yarn evenness and yarn thin places. In additional, the model of the relationship between ICFQI and SCI was established as： SCI=0. 235 6·ICFQI ＋56.153. It was concluded that ICFQI value was the shared reference index for the testing of fiber inspection agency and the selection and distribution of raw cotton bales by textile mills.

Absorption efficiency of graded-index double-clad fiber lasers

Absorption efficiency of graded-index double-clad fiber lasers or amplifiers is analyzed. As ray optics method is no longer valid for graded-index case, the mode analysis method is used. Calculated results show that absorption efficiency for a graded-index is higher than that for a step-index in symmetric case. In offset core case, the graded-index can achieve the same absorption efficiency with much smaller offset distance. Absorption efficiencies for different graded-index profiles of the inner cladding are compared.

Hybrid Long-Period Fiber Grating with Multimode Fiber Core for Refractive Index Measurement

A refractive index （RI） sensor based on hybrid long-period fiber grating （LPFG） with multimode fiber core （MMFC） is proposed and demonstrated. The surrounding RI can be determined by monitoring the separation between the resonant wavelengths of the LPFG and MMFC since the resonant wavelengths of the LPFG and MMFC will shift in opposite directions when the surrounding RI changes. Experimental results show that the sensor possesses an enhanced sensitivity of 526.92nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.387-1.394 RIU. The response to the temperature is also discussed.

Effects of Dietary Crude Fiber Levels on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Dingan Geese Aged from 35 to 70 Days

[Objective] The study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary crude fiber on growth performance and serum biochemical in-dex of Dingan geese aged from 35 to 70 days.[Method] A total of 120 Dingan geese on day 28 with the same genetic background and similar initial weight(1 384.83.73±0.76 g) were randomly assigned into 3 groups, with 4 replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate. Geese were fed the diets containing 4.29%, 5.29% and 6.29 % crude fiber, respectively. The experiment lasted 35 d.[Result] Final weight and daily gain of 5.29 %CF group were significantly higher than those of 6.29 % CF group(P<0.05);Feed intake was markedly higher than those of 4.29% and 6.29 % CF groups(P<0.05);Feed gain ratio was significantly lower than that of 6.29 % CF group(P<0.05). Compared with 4.29% and 6.29 % CF groups, serum albumin concentrations of 5.29 % CF group increased significantly(P<0.05), while serum total protein and globin contents were higher(P>0.05), but serum uric acid level was lower(P>0.05).[Conclusion] 5.29 % crude fiber could lead to higher growth performance of Dingan geese.

Temperature dependence of the refractive index of optical fibers

Many experimental investigations on the temperature dependence of the refractive index of optical fibers have been reported previously, however a satisfying theoretical explanation for it is still absent. In this paper, a theoretical model about the temperature dependence of the refractive index of optical fibers is presented and it is in agreement with the previous experimental results. This work is a significant reference for the research and development of temperature sensors based on optical fiber delay lines.

Effects of Crude Fiber Levels on Production Performance, Organ Index and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Dingan Geese Aged from 1 to 28 Days

[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of dietary crude fiber level on production performance,organ index and serum biochemical parameters of Dingan geese aged from 1 to 28 days.[Method]A total of 144 1-day-old Dingan geese with the same genetic background and similar initial weight(88.75±0.21g)were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 4 replicates per group and 12 geese per replicate,and fed with the diets containing 2.56%,3.52% and 4.48% crude fiber,respectively.The trial lasted 28 d.[Result]1)The final weight and daily gain of 3.52% CF group were significantly higher than those of 2.56% CF group(P<0.05);the feed/gain ratio was markedly lower than that of 2.56% CF group(P<0.05).2)The slaughter rate,semi-eviscerated rate and leg muscle rate of 3.52% CF group were higher than those of 2.56% and 4.48% CF groups(P>0.05).3)As the dietary crude fiber levels rose,the abdominal fat rate showed a downward trend(P>0.05).4)The liver index of 3.52% CF group was significantly higher than that of 2.56% CF group(P<0.05).4)Compared with 2.5%and 4.48% CF groups,the serum albumin concentrations of 3.52% CF group markedly increased(P<0.05),the serum total protein and globin contents were higher(P>0.05),but the serum uric acid level was lower(P>0.05).[Conclusion]When the crude fiber level was 3.52%,the production performances of Dingan geese aged from 1 to 28 days were better,and the liver index and serum albumin level could be obviously improved.

Photonic crystal fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer with microholes ablated by a femtosecond laser for refractive index sensing

A new structure of the photonic crystal fiber（PCF）based Mach-Zednder interferometer（MZI）is fabricated and presented.The structure has microholes ablated by a femtosecond laser.The fringe visibility can be enhanced more than 10 dB compared with the interferometer without a microhole.The interferometer is characterized by sodium chloride solutions for refractive index（RI）sensing.The RI sensitivities are greatly increased by the hole fabrication since it directly changes the cladding modes of the PCF.For the interferometer sensor with two holes,the RI sensitivity is 157.74 nm/RIU,which is 5 times than that of the sensor without a microhole.Microholes ablation with a femtosecond laser on PCF can increase the sensor＇s sensitivity dramatically.Femtosecond laser has a wide application prospect in the field of performance improvement of the sensors.

玄武岩纤维棒聚合物混凝土的弯曲韧性

研究了玄武岩纤维棒(BFB)的纤维增强指数I_(R)对玄武岩纤维棒聚合物混凝土(BFB-PC)韧性指标T_((2(n-1)))(n)的影响,通过分形理论探究了T_((2(n-1)))(n)与裂缝形貌的关系,并建立了弯曲韧性计算模型.结果表明:当IR=90.0时,BFB对BFB-PC的增韧效果最优,此时BFB-PC的弯曲韧性比未掺BFB时提升了8.39倍;BFB的增韧阈值为IR=37.5和IR=90.0;当IR相同时,与未掺聚合物的混凝土相比,聚灰比为0.06的BFB-PC T_((2(n-1)))(n)更高;IR越大裂缝形貌越复杂,T(2(n-1))(n)与裂缝分形维数呈二次函数关系;本文提出的弯曲韧性计算模型准确描述了BFB对PC梁的增韧作用,其试验值与理论值的相对误差小于15.00%.

Temperature-induced effect on refractive index of graphene based on coated in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer

The temperature-induced complex refractive index（CRI） effect of graphene is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally based on a graphene coated in-fiber MZI（Mach-Zehnder interferometer）. The relationships between real and imaginary parts of the graphene CRI and temperature are obtained through investigating the dip wavelength and intensity of the MZI interference spectrum changing with temperature, respectively. The temperature effect of CRI of the graphene is also analyzed theoretically. Both experimental and theoretical studies show that the real part and imaginary part of the CRI nonlinearly decrease and increase with temperature increasing, respectively. This graphene-coated in-fiber MZI structure also possesses the advantages of easy fabrication, miniaturization, low cost and robustness. It has potential applications in nanomaterial-based optic devices for communication and sensing.

On the Validity of the Effective Index Method for Long Period Grating Photonic Crystal Fibers

This paper focuses on the investigation of modal characteristics and sensing properties of long period grating photonic crystal fibers (LPG-PCFs). An improved effective index method is employed with an objective to study its limitations for various designs of LPG-PCFs. Results so obtained with the above method are compared with the corresponding values of multiple multipole (MMP) method results which points the range of validity and applicability of the improved effective index method to LPG-PCFs. It is shown that this method is excellent when the surrounding media is assumed to be air. However, it becomes less accurate when the fiber is immersed into a liquid with a refractive index close to that of the cladding.

高温后冷却方式对玄武岩纤维混凝土力学性能的影响

高温处理后混凝土力学性能是工程建设中评价混凝土结构安全性能的重要指标之一。对不同玄武岩纤维(BF)掺量混凝土的力学性能进行了测试,将最优掺量的玄武岩纤维混凝土(BFRC)与普通混凝土(OC)进行高温处理(200、400、600、800℃),研究不同冷却方式(自然冷却和喷水冷却)对高温后BFRC性能劣化的影响,分析BFRC在不同温度和冷却方式下的力学性能变化规律。结果表明,当BF掺量为0.05%(体积分数)时,BFRC抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度达到最大值,分别为50.2、3.5 MPa,较OC分别提高了14.87%、34.62%。BF的掺入能够有效增加混凝土的韧性以及抵抗开裂变形的能力。随着温度增加,BFRC试件的弹性模量减小但始终大于OC试件。同一冷却方式下OC的峰值应变均大于BFRC,不同冷却方式下的延性指数较常温均有所提高。

钢纤维混凝土弯曲韧性的试验研究及有限元模拟

为研究钢纤维混凝土的弯曲韧性,采用不同体积掺量的铣削型钢纤维制备钢纤维混凝土,通过试验研究了掺量对钢纤维混凝土梁式试件的荷载-挠度曲线、弯曲韧性指数和弯曲韧性比的影响,再采用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟分析了与试验同条件下的荷载-挠度曲线、裂缝扩展过程等。结果表明:大体积掺量的钢纤维混凝土在加载后期的增韧阻裂效果更好,钢纤维体积掺量为1.5%的弯曲韧性最好,同时结合荷载-挠度曲线和应力云图分析了钢纤维混凝土的破坏过程和破坏特征,为钢纤维混凝土应用于工程提供参考。

色纺纱用黏胶纤维的连续染色工艺与染色性能

采用散纤维连续染色技术对黏胶散纤维进行连续浸渍染色后再冷堆固色,然后进行连续式水洗。分析了固色时间对黏胶纤维外观形貌、色泽指标及力学性能的影响,并对染色黏胶纤维成品的色牢度、pH和甲醛含量进行测试。结果表明:连续浸渍染色后的黏胶纤维,经冷堆24 h固色后,可获得较好的匀染性;染色黏胶纤维的力学性能略有下降,其中强度下降约15%,断裂伸长率下降约16%;染色黏胶纤维的各项色牢度、pH和甲醛含量均符合要求。

基于FBG和F-P的温度和折射率双参量传感器

提出了一种由单模布拉格光栅和多模Fabry-Perot腔级联而成的温度和折射率双参量传感器。对多模光纤的末端采用氢氟酸进行腐蚀,在腐蚀后形成的凹陷处填充紫外胶,从而形成Fabry-Perot腔。Fabry-Perot腔和单模光纤布拉格光栅级联后,构成最终的传感结构。Fabry-Perot腔对温度和折射率敏感,而光纤布拉格光栅对温度敏感而对折射率不敏感。利用上述特性,采用灵敏度矩阵法可实现对温度和折射率的同时测量。实验结果表明,传感器的温度和折射率灵敏度分别为-0.4832nm/℃和-508.64pm/RIU。该传感器具有制作工艺简单、结构紧凑、成本低、灵敏度高的优点,有很好的应用前景。

全光纤结构拉曼振荡器实现近1.8 kW激光输出

拉曼光纤激光器在实现高功率特殊波长激光方面具有独特优势,受到了广泛关注和研究。近年来,随着渐变折射率多模光纤在拉曼激光器中的运用,不仅提高了可注入的泵浦功率,还通过光束净化特性实现了激光亮度增强。

C+L波段低弯曲损耗非耦合三模组渐变折射率光纤设计

光纤是现代通信网络中最为稳定的信号传输媒介,提升光纤模式的数量是满足通信容量日益增加的有效方法.本文设计了低弯曲损耗的非耦合三模组(LP_(01),LP_(11),LP_(21))渐变折射率光纤,运用分层分析法给出了渐变折射率光纤中模组的严格截止条件.此外,利用有限元仿真软件求解光纤模式的有效模场面积和弯曲损耗,得到低弯曲损耗条件下在C+L波段(1530~1625 nm)传输三模组的设计区间.揭示了纤芯中心折射率凹陷和沟槽层共同作用可促进光纤径向高阶模式的截止.模拟结果表明,所设计光纤的模组间有效折射率差大于等于3×10^(-3),弯曲半径为30 mm时的最大弯曲损耗为1.3 d B/km,符合ITU-T推荐的低弯曲损耗条件.而且,在1550 nm波长下,模组内简并模有较小的差分模式群时延(≈176 ps/km),可通过4×4多输入多输出技术补偿简并模之间的串扰.该光纤可适用于C+L波段上实现模组间非耦合的空分复用信号传输.

聚丙烯纤维混凝土基本力学性能及其尺寸效应研究

为探索聚丙烯纤维混凝土强度指标间的尺寸效应,测试了不同尺寸及不同聚丙烯纤维掺量混凝土试件的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弯曲抗折强度及断裂能,结果显示,随着聚丙烯纤维掺量的增加,各尺寸混凝土试件的抗拉强度、抗折强度及断裂能均显著提高,但抗压强度有所下降;分析了混凝土试件的荷载-位移曲线、试件破坏形态、拉压比及折压比,发现掺入1.5 kg/m^(3)聚丙烯纤维后,抗压强度最大应变量提高了250%,拉压比由1/11.2提高至1/7.3,说明掺入聚丙烯纤维能够改善混凝土的受力特性,使材料由脆性转变为韧性;讨论了各强度指标间的关系和尺寸效应,建立了抗压强度、抗拉强度及抗折强度间的换算关系,为聚丙烯纤维混凝土的结构设计与分析提供了理论基础。

冲击荷载作用下改性聚丙烯纤维高强珊瑚混凝土的动力特性

利用100 mm分离式霍普金森压杆装置对改性聚丙烯纤维高强珊瑚混凝土进行冲击压缩试验,分析了三种不同纤维掺量的改性聚丙烯纤维高强珊瑚混凝土试样的动态压缩强度、变形特性及吸能性能。结果表明:不同纤维掺量的改性聚丙烯纤维高强珊瑚混凝土的动态抗压强度、破碎状态、韧性指数等均具有明显的应变率效应。随着纤维掺量的增加,改性聚丙烯纤维高强珊瑚混凝土的破坏程度逐渐减轻,峰值应变增大,韧性指数逐渐增大,能量吸收也呈现上升趋势。改性聚丙烯纤维的掺入能够有效增强增韧并降低珊瑚混凝土的脆性破坏特征。

玄武岩纤维原料特征的统计及分析研究

玄武岩纤维是以玄武岩或他种成分相近的岩石为主要原料,经熔融后拉制而成的一种高性能纤维。天然矿石的成分波动会造成拉丝困难或纤维性能不稳定,笔者等收集了54组原料岩石以及114组玄武岩纤维样品的化学成分数据,研究归纳了玄武岩纤维所需原料的岩石学特征、参数指标特征和其他特征,分析提出了可拉丝岩石相关参数指标的最佳区间。适于生产玄武岩纤维的原料矿石,其特征可总结如下:岩石学方面,以基性岩以及SiO_(2)含量为53%~57%的中性岩为佳,岩石类型最佳为玄武岩或安山玄武岩;岩石结构最佳为间隐结构、玻基斑状结构或玻璃质结构;构造的影响是间接的,主要为气孔或杏仁构造中可能含有的一些不利矿物的影响;矿物组成方面,蛇纹石、沸石等含水矿物会在熔融过程中产生气泡,影响纤维制备连续性的同时也有利于原料的充分熔融,镁橄榄石、磁铁矿等高熔点矿物会使原料在熔融阶段难以完全熔化,导致熔体不均匀并容易析晶。参数指标方面,可拉丝岩石的酸度系数(Mk)最佳区间为4.0~5.5;黏度系数(Mv)为2.0~3.0;硅铝氧化物与其他氧化物比值为1.5~3.0;氧化物组成的物质的量分数分布为n(RO)=20%~30%,n(RO_(2))=57%~70%,n(R_(2)O_(3))=10%~16%(R为阳离子)。