The symptoms of autism spectrum disorder（ASD） have been hypothesized to be caused by changes in brain connectivity. From the clinical perspective, the‘‘disconnectivity＇＇ hypothesis has been used to explain chara...The symptoms of autism spectrum disorder（ASD） have been hypothesized to be caused by changes in brain connectivity. From the clinical perspective, the‘‘disconnectivity＇＇ hypothesis has been used to explain characteristic impairments in ‘‘socio-emotional＇＇ function.Therefore, in this study we compared the facial emotional recognition（FER） feature and the integrity of socialemotional-related white-matter tracts between children and adolescents with high-functioning ASD（HFA） and their typically developing（TD） counterparts. The correlation between the two factors was explored to find out if impairment of the white-matter tracts is the neural basis of social-emotional disorders. Compared with the TD group,FER was significantly impaired and the fractional anisotropy value of the right cingulate fasciculus was increased in the HFA group（P ／ 0.01）. In conclusion, the FER function of children and adolescents with HFA was impaired and the microstructure of the cingulate fasciculus had abnormalities.展开更多
白质纤维束分割方法通过识别连接不同脑区的白质通路,为脑连接分析提供了重要的神经通路参考信息。然而,传统的白质纤维束分割方法主要依赖于弥散磁共振图像(Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging,dMRI),由于获取弥散磁共振图像比较耗...白质纤维束分割方法通过识别连接不同脑区的白质通路,为脑连接分析提供了重要的神经通路参考信息。然而,传统的白质纤维束分割方法主要依赖于弥散磁共振图像(Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging,dMRI),由于获取弥散磁共振图像比较耗时,这极大地限制了其在临床中的应用。为解决此问题,提出了一种基于T1加权图像的白质纤维束分割方法,通过计算T1加权图像的结构张量来提示可能的纤维走向,进而提高白质纤维束的分割精度。此外,本文在模型训练期间引入弥散磁共振图像的特权信息来指导模型学习,从而提升白质束分割模型性能,具有挑战性的束分割效果提升明显,其中左穹窿(Left fornix,FX_left)的Dice得分提高了5%,右穹窿(Right fornix,FX_right)的Dice得分提高了6%。。本研究弥补了在缺少弥散磁共振图像的场景下无法进行神经通路分析的不足,扩展了神经通路分析的应用场景。展开更多
Malignant behaviors of brain gliomas include proliferation and infiltration.It remains unclear which behavior influences the status of adjacent corticospinal tracts.Diffusion tensor imaging can show the status of brai...Malignant behaviors of brain gliomas include proliferation and infiltration.It remains unclear which behavior influences the status of adjacent corticospinal tracts.Diffusion tensor imaging can show the status of brain white matter fiber tracts.Ki-67 and CD44/matrix metalloproteinase 9 are sensitive markers for reflecting the proliferation and infiltration of tumor cells.The present study analyzed pre-operative diffusion tensor images of 24 patients with pathologically confirmed World Health Organization glioma（Ⅰ-Ⅳ）.We observed lapse,infiltration and destruction of the peri-tumor corticospinal tract following reconstruction,and simultaneously detected the expression of Ki-67,CD44/matrix metalloproteinase 9 in samples.Expression of CD44 and matrix metalloproteinase 9was not significantly correlated to the status of the peri-tumor corticospinal tract（r = 1.597,4.859;P = 0.450,0.088）,while Ki-67 expression significantly correlated to its status（r= 6.590,P = 0.037）.These findings demonstrate that highly proliferative gliomas result in damage to the peripheral corticospinal tract.展开更多
Computational models provide additional tools for studying the brain,however,many techniques are currently disconnected from each other.There is a need for new computational approaches that span the range of physics o...Computational models provide additional tools for studying the brain,however,many techniques are currently disconnected from each other.There is a need for new computational approaches that span the range of physics operating in the brain.In this review paper,we offer some new perspectives on how the embedded element method can fill this gap and has the potential to connect a myriad of modeling genre.The embedded element method is a mesh superposition technique used within finite element analysis.This method allows for the incorporation of axonal fiber tracts to be explicitly represented.Here,we explore the use of the approach beyond its original goal of predicting axonal strain in brain injury.We explore the potential application of the embedded element method in areas of electrophysiology,neurodegeneration,neuropharmacology and mechanobiology.We conclude that this method has the potential to provide us with an integrated computational framework that can assist in developing improved diagnostic tools and regeneration technologies.展开更多
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1306200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91132750)+1 种基金Major Projects of the National Social Science Foundation of China (14ZDB161)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2016616)
文摘The symptoms of autism spectrum disorder（ASD） have been hypothesized to be caused by changes in brain connectivity. From the clinical perspective, the‘‘disconnectivity＇＇ hypothesis has been used to explain characteristic impairments in ‘‘socio-emotional＇＇ function.Therefore, in this study we compared the facial emotional recognition（FER） feature and the integrity of socialemotional-related white-matter tracts between children and adolescents with high-functioning ASD（HFA） and their typically developing（TD） counterparts. The correlation between the two factors was explored to find out if impairment of the white-matter tracts is the neural basis of social-emotional disorders. Compared with the TD group,FER was significantly impaired and the fractional anisotropy value of the right cingulate fasciculus was increased in the HFA group（P ／ 0.01）. In conclusion, the FER function of children and adolescents with HFA was impaired and the microstructure of the cingulate fasciculus had abnormalities.
基金Anhui Prov-ince Grant of Tackle Key Problems in Science and Technology, No. 07010302202
文摘Malignant behaviors of brain gliomas include proliferation and infiltration.It remains unclear which behavior influences the status of adjacent corticospinal tracts.Diffusion tensor imaging can show the status of brain white matter fiber tracts.Ki-67 and CD44/matrix metalloproteinase 9 are sensitive markers for reflecting the proliferation and infiltration of tumor cells.The present study analyzed pre-operative diffusion tensor images of 24 patients with pathologically confirmed World Health Organization glioma（Ⅰ-Ⅳ）.We observed lapse,infiltration and destruction of the peri-tumor corticospinal tract following reconstruction,and simultaneously detected the expression of Ki-67,CD44/matrix metalloproteinase 9 in samples.Expression of CD44 and matrix metalloproteinase 9was not significantly correlated to the status of the peri-tumor corticospinal tract（r = 1.597,4.859;P = 0.450,0.088）,while Ki-67 expression significantly correlated to its status（r= 6.590,P = 0.037）.These findings demonstrate that highly proliferative gliomas result in damage to the peripheral corticospinal tract.
基金support provided by Computational Fluid Dynamics Research Corporation(CFDRC)under a sub-contract funded by the Department of Defense,Department of Health Program through contract W81XWH-14-C-0045
文摘Computational models provide additional tools for studying the brain,however,many techniques are currently disconnected from each other.There is a need for new computational approaches that span the range of physics operating in the brain.In this review paper,we offer some new perspectives on how the embedded element method can fill this gap and has the potential to connect a myriad of modeling genre.The embedded element method is a mesh superposition technique used within finite element analysis.This method allows for the incorporation of axonal fiber tracts to be explicitly represented.Here,we explore the use of the approach beyond its original goal of predicting axonal strain in brain injury.We explore the potential application of the embedded element method in areas of electrophysiology,neurodegeneration,neuropharmacology and mechanobiology.We conclude that this method has the potential to provide us with an integrated computational framework that can assist in developing improved diagnostic tools and regeneration technologies.
