Cardiotocography measures the fetal heart rate in the fetus during pregnancy to ensure physical health because cardiotocography gives data about fetal heart rate and uterine shrinkages which is very beneficial to dete...Cardiotocography measures the fetal heart rate in the fetus during pregnancy to ensure physical health because cardiotocography gives data about fetal heart rate and uterine shrinkages which is very beneficial to detect whether the fetus is normal or suspect or pathologic.Various cardiotocography measures infer wrongly and give wrong predictions because of human error.The traditional way of reading the cardiotocography measures is the time taken and belongs to numerous human errors as well.Fetal condition is very important to measure at numerous stages and give proper medications to the fetus for its well-being.In the current period Machine learning(ML)is a well-known classification strategy used in the biomedical field on various issues because ML is very fast and gives appropriate results that are better than traditional results.ML techniques play a pivotal role in detecting fetal disease in its early stages.This research article uses Federated machine learning(FML)and ML techniques to classify the condition of the fetus.This study proposed a model for the detection of bio-signal cardiotocography that uses FML and ML techniques to train and test the data.So,the proposed model of FML used numerous data preprocessing techniques to overcome data deficiency and achieves 99.06%and 0.94%of prediction accuracy and misprediction rate,respectively,and parallel the proposed model applying K-nearest neighbor(KNN)and achieves 82.93%and 17.07%of prediction accuracy and misprediction accuracy,respectively.So,by comparing both models FML outperformed the KNN technique and achieved the best and most appropriate prediction results as compared with previous studies the proposed study achieves the best and most accurate results.展开更多
This paper focuses on the interface failure in metal/GFRP laminates on account of the high-velocity impact phenomenon by a hemispherical projectile.The study considers three laminates in which the failure inside the 8...This paper focuses on the interface failure in metal/GFRP laminates on account of the high-velocity impact phenomenon by a hemispherical projectile.The study considers three laminates in which the failure inside the 8-layer 0/90 GFRP laminate is compared with the other two laminates that include metal layers in their layup configuration.The metal layers were placed on the top and bottom on one type of laminates while in the other additional metal layers are placed symmetrically inside the layup as well.They were subjected to high-velocity impact by a hemispherical projectile at different energy levels and the idea is not to perforate the laminate configuration instead to account for the damage incurred in these laminates and the role of metal layers in providing resistance to damage within these laminates.The study utilizes experimental findings and proposes a rate-dependent Finite Element(FE)model consisting of the Hashin-Puck failure scheme for composite and the Johnson-Cook damage model for metal layers.The results of the model satisfactorily agree with their experimental counterparts and provide valuable insight into the damage resistance inside the laminates.It has been observed that the 8-layer GFRP laminate was good in terms of elastic recovery and prevention of propagation of damage inside the laminates only,till the impact energy was lower.For higher impact energy,they show poor damage resistance as the fiber failure is triggered in them.However,laminates with metal layers are shown to protect the laminate by dissipating energy in the delamination of metal/GFRP interface,shear failure of the metal layer,and on account of metal plasticity.The study further shows that the throughthickness compressive stresses were responsible for the failure of laminates and also triggering the delamination in them.A damage energy study was performed to investigate the amount of energy dissipating in various failure modes like delamination,matrix cracking,fiber failure,etc。展开更多
The aim of the research work was to numerically investigate the residual stresses induced between the layers of fiber metal laminate (FML) cylinder (glass/epoxy reinforced aluminum laminates) under buckling hydrostati...The aim of the research work was to numerically investigate the residual stresses induced between the layers of fiber metal laminate (FML) cylinder (glass/epoxy reinforced aluminum laminates) under buckling hydrostatic loading. For the analysis of buckling behavior of FML cylinders, various fiber orientations such as 0/90°, 60/30°, ±45° and ±55° and different FRP thickness of 1, 2, and 3 mm were considered. The aluminum cylinder of inner diameter 80 mm, length 800 mm and wall thickness 1 mm was modeled with SHELL281 element type and a total of 1033 elements were used for computing the induced residual stresses between the layers. The results show that magnitude of residual stresses between the layers decreased along the thickness from outer layer towards the inner layer in sine wave form. The maximum residual Von-Mises stress was at inner aluminum layer while the maximum residual radial stress was at the outermost layer of FML cylinder due to the inward pressure. Among all types of FML cylinder 0/90° fiber oriented FML cylinder exhibited the least radial stress and a maximum Von-Mises stress along the FRP thickness.展开更多
文摘Cardiotocography measures the fetal heart rate in the fetus during pregnancy to ensure physical health because cardiotocography gives data about fetal heart rate and uterine shrinkages which is very beneficial to detect whether the fetus is normal or suspect or pathologic.Various cardiotocography measures infer wrongly and give wrong predictions because of human error.The traditional way of reading the cardiotocography measures is the time taken and belongs to numerous human errors as well.Fetal condition is very important to measure at numerous stages and give proper medications to the fetus for its well-being.In the current period Machine learning(ML)is a well-known classification strategy used in the biomedical field on various issues because ML is very fast and gives appropriate results that are better than traditional results.ML techniques play a pivotal role in detecting fetal disease in its early stages.This research article uses Federated machine learning(FML)and ML techniques to classify the condition of the fetus.This study proposed a model for the detection of bio-signal cardiotocography that uses FML and ML techniques to train and test the data.So,the proposed model of FML used numerous data preprocessing techniques to overcome data deficiency and achieves 99.06%and 0.94%of prediction accuracy and misprediction rate,respectively,and parallel the proposed model applying K-nearest neighbor(KNN)and achieves 82.93%and 17.07%of prediction accuracy and misprediction accuracy,respectively.So,by comparing both models FML outperformed the KNN technique and achieved the best and most appropriate prediction results as compared with previous studies the proposed study achieves the best and most accurate results.
文摘This paper focuses on the interface failure in metal/GFRP laminates on account of the high-velocity impact phenomenon by a hemispherical projectile.The study considers three laminates in which the failure inside the 8-layer 0/90 GFRP laminate is compared with the other two laminates that include metal layers in their layup configuration.The metal layers were placed on the top and bottom on one type of laminates while in the other additional metal layers are placed symmetrically inside the layup as well.They were subjected to high-velocity impact by a hemispherical projectile at different energy levels and the idea is not to perforate the laminate configuration instead to account for the damage incurred in these laminates and the role of metal layers in providing resistance to damage within these laminates.The study utilizes experimental findings and proposes a rate-dependent Finite Element(FE)model consisting of the Hashin-Puck failure scheme for composite and the Johnson-Cook damage model for metal layers.The results of the model satisfactorily agree with their experimental counterparts and provide valuable insight into the damage resistance inside the laminates.It has been observed that the 8-layer GFRP laminate was good in terms of elastic recovery and prevention of propagation of damage inside the laminates only,till the impact energy was lower.For higher impact energy,they show poor damage resistance as the fiber failure is triggered in them.However,laminates with metal layers are shown to protect the laminate by dissipating energy in the delamination of metal/GFRP interface,shear failure of the metal layer,and on account of metal plasticity.The study further shows that the throughthickness compressive stresses were responsible for the failure of laminates and also triggering the delamination in them.A damage energy study was performed to investigate the amount of energy dissipating in various failure modes like delamination,matrix cracking,fiber failure,etc。
文摘The aim of the research work was to numerically investigate the residual stresses induced between the layers of fiber metal laminate (FML) cylinder (glass/epoxy reinforced aluminum laminates) under buckling hydrostatic loading. For the analysis of buckling behavior of FML cylinders, various fiber orientations such as 0/90°, 60/30°, ±45° and ±55° and different FRP thickness of 1, 2, and 3 mm were considered. The aluminum cylinder of inner diameter 80 mm, length 800 mm and wall thickness 1 mm was modeled with SHELL281 element type and a total of 1033 elements were used for computing the induced residual stresses between the layers. The results show that magnitude of residual stresses between the layers decreased along the thickness from outer layer towards the inner layer in sine wave form. The maximum residual Von-Mises stress was at inner aluminum layer while the maximum residual radial stress was at the outermost layer of FML cylinder due to the inward pressure. Among all types of FML cylinder 0/90° fiber oriented FML cylinder exhibited the least radial stress and a maximum Von-Mises stress along the FRP thickness.
