Safety and in Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus umbellata (Vahl.) Leaves

Toxicity is the totality of adverse effects, which can be functional and morphological lesions in a living organism, caused by a substance introduced in relatively high single doses or in small, repeated doses. The aim of this study was to assess the OECD-recommended acute oral toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Ficus umbellata leaves. Animals were given a single oral dose of 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/Kg body weight (BW) of the extract. For the anti-inflammatory activity test, rats were given the ethanolic extract of F. umbellata leaves at doses of 100, 300 and 500 mg/Kg or aspirin® at a concentration of 100 mg/Kg PC orally, one hour before injection of 0.05 ml of 1% formalin under the plantar fascia of the rat’s right hind paw. Paw volume measurements were taken one, two and three hours after formalin injection, using an electronic caliper. After 14 days of observation, no deaths were observed in treated rats. The LD50 of ethanolic extract of Ficus umbellata leaf powder is greater than 5000 mg/Kg body weight. This extract has no significant effects on hematological parameters and on the main markers of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity for a single dose of less than 5000 mg/Kg PC. It reduces formalin-induced edema. Evaluation of the percentage inhibition showed that the extract had greater anti-inflammatory activity at 3 hours after the start of the experiment. However, better inhibition of inflammatory oedema of the paw of rats treated with 500 mg/Kg was observed at 5 hours after the start of the experiment, with a percentage inhibition of 69.23 ± 1.02, compared with the reference group treated with aspirin® 100 mg/Kg, which showed an inhibition of 63.50 ± 0.98. These results show that F. umbellata leaves possess anti-inflammatory activity, which would justify their use in traditional African medicine to prevent or treat inflammation.

Pro-fertility effect of Ficus carica fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced male rats

Objective:To explore the impact of Ficus carica fruit aqueous extract on fertility parameters in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced male rats.Methods:Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four different groups.All groups except a normal control group were induced with 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin(STZ)intravenously to induce diabetes.A positive control group was treated with an antidiabetic drug,metformin(500 mg/kg)whereas a negative control group remained untreated throughout the experiment.Meanwhile,another diabetic rat group received treatment with 400 mg/kg of aqueous Ficus carica fruit extract.Rats in the treatment group were administered Ficus carica fruit aqueous extract daily through forcefeeding via oral gavage for a 21-day period.Assessments included the sperm quality(count,motility and morphology),histology of the testes,serum testosterone and fasting blood glucose(FBG)level.Results:The FBG level of the Ficus carica-treated rats exhibited a significant decrease compared to the negative control group(P<0.05).Sperm quality analysis also indicated that the aqueous Ficus carica extract had significant positive effects on sperm count and motility(P<0.05).The histology of the testes in Ficus caricatreated rats revealed an improved cell arrangement in the germinal cell layer.Furthermore,serum testosterone level showed an increment in the Ficus carica treatment group in comparison to the negative control group.Conclusions:Our findings provide compelling evidence for the profertility and anti-hyperglycemic properties of aqueous Ficus carica fruit extract in diabetic-induced male rats.

五指毛桃(Ficus hirta Vahl)活性成分检测与免洗洗手液制备

为降低免洗洗手液的酒精含量,利用五指毛桃提取液的香气和抑菌能力,开发免洗洗手液产品。实验采用80%的乙醇超声辅助提取五指毛桃活性成分,通过非靶向代谢组学和高效液相色谱法,检测提取物的种类和活性成分含量,并制备五指毛桃免洗洗手液。结果显示,五指毛桃醇提液中共检测到864种物质,主要包括38种黄酮类化合物,35种酚类,76种糖类化合物,12种香豆素类,109种脂肪酰类化合物,51种类固醇和类固醇衍生物,138种苯和苯的衍生物,123种羧酸及其衍生物,39种脂类等。其中,总黄酮、多酚、多糖和补骨脂素的含量分别为0.690%、1.120%、16.968%和0.046%。制备的免洗洗手液最佳配方是五指毛桃提取液与甘油比为3∶1。圆滤纸片法和细菌生长曲线观察法检测免洗洗手液的抑菌效果结果显示,该免洗洗手液抑菌圈最大,能有效抑制大肠杆菌的生长。

基于CiteSpace的地果(Ficus tikoua)知识图谱分析

目的:分析地果研究领域的现状和发展趋势,为其研究和应用提供参考。方法:以中国知网(CNKI)期刊全文数据库和Web of Science核心数据库为文献来源,基于CiteSpace对地果研究领域的发文量、发文机构、研究作者、关键词和高被引文献进行分析。结果:地果研究相关文献的数量处于波动状态,总量较少,质量还需提升;中国是研究地果的主要国家,且国内研究机构主要位于其自然分布区域内,国际上对地果的关注极少。国内核心作者源于机构内的合作,机构之间协作较少。总黄酮和化学成分等主题是当前地果的研究热点。结论:目前,对地果的研究少、开发利用程度低,未来应加强品种选育以发挥其在园林、药用、食用和生态修复等方面的优良特性,同时应加强对其系统发育和地果-榕小蜂协同进化等研究。

Toxic Effects of Ficus benghalensis Latex Based Combinatorial Formulations on Various Enzymatic Parameters in Indian White Termite Odontotermes obesus

In the present investigation, various bioassays were conducted to evaluate the alteration in levels of various enzymes i.e. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and acetylcholinesterase. For this purpose worker termites were treated with sub-lethal doses of 40% and 80% of 24 hrs LD50 of latex-based combinatorial formulations and observations were taken at 4 hours intervals up to 24 hours. Ficus benghalensis crude latex and its combinatorial mixtures, like C-MLT-A, CU-MLT-A, AQ-MLT, P-MLT and EA-MLT significantly altered the level of enzymes in Odontotermes obesus and this effect found time and dose-dependent. Reduction or increase in enzymes was calculated by using the corresponding control. The maximum decrease in acid phosphatase level was observed at 16 h when termites were treated with 80% of LD50 of B-MLT-B and P-MLT i.e. 82.84% at 16 h of treatment. A similar dose caused a very slight decrease in glutamate pyruvate transaminase at 4 h of treatment but with the increase in time. Further decrease was noted in other successive treatments that were significant at p > 0.05. Similarly, 40% and 80% of LD50 of the C-MLT-B mixture caused significant (p > 0.05) decrease in alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase level at 16 h treatment i.e. 93.42%, 89.46% and 95.89%, 88.17% respectively. The level of acetylcholinesterase was also found to be decreased when termites were treated with 40% and 80% of LD50 of C-MLT-B mixture i.e. 92.72% and 97.27% respectively. All the above alterations noted in levels of various enzymes confirm the action of latex ingredients on worker termites that were anti-feedant or deterrent types. These ingredients can be used to control not only termites but also other phytophagous insects.

Effect of Ficus benghalensis Latex Based Combinatorial Formulations on Various Bio-Molecules in Indian White Termite Odontotermes obesus

In present investigation, various bioassays were conducted to evaluate the alteration in levels of certain biomolecules, such as glycogen, protein, amino acid, DNA, RNA and lipids. For this purpose, worker termites were treated with sub-lethal dose 40% and 80% of 24 hrs LD50 values and observations were taken at 4 hrs interval up to 24 hrs. Crude latex and its combinatorial mixtures, like S-MLT-A, B-MLT-A, C-MLT-A, CU-MLT-A, AQ-MLT significantly altered level of bio-molecules in Odontotermes obesus. This effect was found time and dose dependent. Reduction or increase in biomolecules was calculated by using corresponding control. Maximum decrease in glycogen level was observed at 16 h when termites were treated with 80% of LD50 of Ficus benghalensis aqueous extract i.e. 56.88% at 16 h of treatment. A similar dose caused very slight decrease in lipid contents at 4 h of treatment but it was found further significantly (p > 0.05) decreased in other successive treatments. 40% and 80% of LD50 of C-MLT-B mixture caused significant (p > 0.05) decrease in DNA and RNA level at 16 h treatment. The level of DNA and RNA level was recorded 83.90%, 90.18% and 85.42% and 74.05% respectively. Similarly, total proteins were also found to be decreased with 40% and 80% of LD50 of C-MLT-B mixture i.e. 71.47% and 66.45% respectively. All these alterations found in levels of various bio-molecules confirm the action of latex ingredients on worker termites that was antifeedant or deterrent types. These ingredients can be used to control not only termites but also other phytophagous insects in a sustainable and eco-friendly way.

Anatomical and Molecular Identification of Ornamental Plant Ficus L.Species

This present study includes twelve species that represent the Ficus genus,namely;aspera,carica,tinctoria subsp.gibbosa,hirta,hispida,neriifolia,palmata,pumila,racemosa,septica,sur,and sycomorus,belonging to the Moraceae family.The species samples were collected from various locations in Egypt.The study focused on the anatomical and molecular characteristics of mature foliage leaves.Since the identification and classification of taxa are highly dependent on the anatomical features of leaves,the anatomical characteristics were recorded in the form of a comparison between the examined plants in the data matrix.This study aims to contribute to the identification of the studied species based on the anatomical details of the matured leaves.Anatomical characterization includes the variations in upper and lower epidermal layers that are covered by a thin or thick cuticle;the number of palisade and spongy layers;crystals;secretory elements;lithocysts;the midrib zone has parenchyma associated with mechanical tissue,vascular system,and investigation of trichomes;on the other hand,in the current study,the phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using the ITS and 5.8 S sequences.From the analysis of all the available data,it could be stated that there is an overall agreement with the anatomical character dendrogram.

Scale Breeding and Reproduction Technique of Ficus tikoua Bur.Container Seedlings

Based on the principle of asexual reproduction,a kind of scale breeding and reproduction technique of Ficus tikoua Bur.container seedlings was explored by using the characteristics of strong adaptability to the environment and fast growth and reproduction.Using non-woven bag as a breeding container for seedlings,the scale breeding and reproduction technique of F.tikoua container seedlings was summarized through the important links of seedling bed construction,seedling collection,soil configuration,container selection,cutting cultivation,field management,and disease and pest control.This technique can achieve differential,massive and sustainable efficient breeding and reproduction of F.tikoua seedlings in a short time.

两地无花果微量元素及总放射性物质分析与质量评估

目的评估新疆阿图什与江苏南通两地无花果产品质量。方法运用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和总放测量仪,分别对新疆阿图什和江苏南通两地无花果微量元素和总放射性物质进行分析检测。结果新疆阿图什无花果与江苏南通本地无花果微量元素相比,铝、钾、钙、钒、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、硒、钡等11种微量元素含量明显较高,镁和钼元素略低,铬元素较低。两地无花果的总α放射性物质和总β放射性物质均合格。结论新疆阿图什无花果产品质量优于江苏南通本地的无花果,具有较高的产品开发价值。

遮光对五指毛桃植株生物量分配及营养成分组成特征的影响

通过搭建遮阴棚设置5个遮光率处理(0、30%、50%、70%、90%),分析不同光照强度下五指毛桃生物量指标的分配规律及各部分矿质元素组成特征、营养成分积累差异。结果表明:五指毛桃生物量指标可塑性指数平均值为0.81,茎生物量占比受遮光影响较小,果生物量及其占比受遮光影响较大,90%遮光率处理一年生五指毛桃植株不结果;50%遮光率处理五指毛桃植株果生物量占比最高;遮光会增加五指毛桃植株常量元素中氮和钾的含量,降低钙和磷的含量;五指毛桃植株钙磷比变化范围为1.65~6.32,果实钙磷比较低,叶片钙磷比较高;微量元素中,铁含量受遮光影响最大;70%和90%遮光率处理五指毛桃叶片、茎秆和果实中铁含量较对照降低65%以上;遮光处理五指毛桃叶片粗蛋白含量范围为13.91%~16.82%,果实粗蛋白含量范围为12.22%~16.46%;叶片和果实粗纤维平均含量分别为13.73%和17.33%;全光照种植五指毛桃果实中粗脂肪含量最高,为13.30%;遮阴显著降低五指毛桃叶片、茎秆和果实中黄酮类化合物含量,但五指毛桃叶片和果实中的多酚含量在30%遮光率处理下达到最高。综上,以采收种子进行种苗繁育为主的生产不适宜在荫蔽度较高的环境下进行,可以用50%遮光种植,以提高结实率。同时遮阴会改变五指毛桃各部位养分积累和组成比例,在用其叶片、茎秆和果实作饲料原料时应注意五指毛桃种植环境对其营养成分组成的影响,合理进行各养分比例调整。而利用其叶片作为饮料原料时,以种植在30%遮光率环境中为宜。

五指毛桃不同部位补骨脂素合成酶基因的表达及其代谢产物含量

为探究五指毛桃(Ficus hirta Vahl)不同部位补骨脂素合成酶基因(psoralen synthetase,PS)表达与补骨脂素含量的关系,本研究分别采用实时荧光定量PCR法和高效液相色谱法测定来自广西和福建的五指毛桃根、茎、叶和果实PS基因的表达量及补骨脂素含量,分析不同五指毛桃种质不同部位PS基因表达及其代谢产物含量的差异。结果显示:PS基因在广西和福建五指毛桃的根、茎、叶和果实中均有表达,且其表达量具有组织特异性,在根中的相对表达量最高(侧根高于主根),叶中次之(全缘叶高于缺刻叶),茎和果实的表达量极低。使用高效液相色谱测得广西和福建的五指毛桃中补骨脂素含量存在差异,在2个五指毛桃种质的主根、侧根、缺刻叶、全缘叶、茎、果实中均有积累,侧根中的含量最高,分别为3.206、2.947 mg/g,主根次之(2.136、0.419 mg/g),缺刻叶中的含量分别为0.022、0.028 mg/g,全缘叶中的含量分别为0.069、0.035 mg/g,茎(0.003、0.003 mg/g)和果实(0.002、0.001 mg/g)中含量较低。五指毛桃PS基因表达与补骨脂素含量具有相关性,该研究结果为解析PS基因在五指毛桃补骨脂素合成中的作用提供参考。

7种杀菌剂对无花果炭疽病的室内毒力及田间防效

[目的]筛选出防治无花果炭疽病的有效药剂。[方法]选用7种杀菌剂进行室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。[结果]35%苯醚甲环唑·吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂、30%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂、30%吡唑醚菌酯·氟硅唑乳油、40%苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂、430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂、40%氟硅唑乳油对无花果炭疽病的4 d-EC 50分别为0.1940、0.0788、0.0978、0.4450、0.2180、0.1650、0.1460 mg/L;7种药剂对无花果树叶片炭疽病的防治结果:30%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂在2000倍液下防效最佳,为92.76%±2.96%,30%吡唑醚菌酯·氟硅唑乳油在2000倍液下防效次之,为89.54%±2.41%,两者间无显著差异。其他药剂在2000倍液下防效均超过80%,30%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂在3000倍液下防效也超过80%,其他处理的防效较差。7种药剂对无花果果实炭疽病的防治结果:30%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂在2000倍液下防效最好,达86.22%±3.87%,30%吡唑醚菌酯·氟硅唑乳油在2000倍液下防效为83.69%±1.59%,430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂在2000倍液下防效为81.68%±2.01%,其他处理的防效均低于80%。[结论]30%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇悬浮剂和30%吡唑醚菌酯·氟硅唑乳油在2000倍液下对无花果炭疽病具有较好的防效,可以推广到广西地区无花果种植区的炭疽病防治。

石榕树中补骨脂素分离鉴定及其抗真菌活性

[目的]分离出石榕树中能够有效抑制植物病原真菌的活性单体化合物并探索其抗真菌活性。[方法]采用生物活性追踪和化学分离相结合的方法对石榕树甲醇提取物进行分离,运用质谱、核磁共振氢谱和碳谱并结合相关文献数据鉴定活性单体化合物。采用菌丝生长速率法测定活性单体化合物对7种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。[结果]石榕树(叶)甲醇提取物对甘蔗凤梨病菌具有良好抑菌活性,在10 mg·mL^(-1)浓度下,抑菌率为100%。在浓度为1.5 mg·mL^(-1)时,石榕树(叶)石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取物和水层萃余物对甘蔗凤梨病菌的抑菌率分别为58.73%、100.00%、39.49%和6.63%。表明石榕树(叶)乙酸乙酯层萃取物对甘蔗凤梨病菌的抑制作用最高,其EC_(50)值为0.430 7 mg·mL^(-1)。石榕树(叶)乙酸乙酯层萃取物进行柱色谱分离后得到对甘蔗凤梨病菌有较高抑菌活性的是LMNO1bc1a活性组分,0.1 mg·mL^(-1)的LMNO1bc1a活性组分对甘蔗凤梨病菌的抑菌率为100.00%。LMNO1bc1a组分经结晶、重结晶纯化后命名为SRS-1,SRS-1经NMR和MS技术鉴定为补骨脂素(psoralen)。SRS-1对甘蔗凤梨病菌、甘蓝黑斑病菌、玉米大斑病菌、罗汉果白绢病菌、柑橘砂皮病菌、茶轮斑病菌、烟草黑胫病菌这7种植物病原真菌都有一定的抑菌活性,其EC_(50)值分别为0.018 2、0.038 8、0.040 9、0.051 2、0.080 7、0.092 7、0.115 4 mg·mL^(-1)。[结论]从石榕树中分离出抑菌活性单体化合物SRS-1,鉴定为补骨脂素,其对甘蔗凤梨病菌、甘蓝黑斑病菌、玉米大斑病菌、罗汉果白绢病菌、柑橘砂皮病菌、茶轮斑病菌、烟草黑胫病菌这7种植物病原真菌都有一定的抑菌活性。

施肥量对菩提树容器苗生长及养分累积的影响

探讨不同施肥量对菩提树容器苗生长和养分累积的影响,为北方地区菩提树容器育苗栽培措施提供理论参考依据。以1 a生菩提树扦插苗为试验材料,以美植袋为容器进行栽植,采用随机区组设计,设定对照和7个不同氮磷钾配比共8个处理(F_(1)~F_(8)),施肥5次,间隔为15 d,施肥同时测定菩提树的苗高、地径,最后一次施肥2周后测定菩提树生物量及养分含量。结果表明:不同施肥量对菩提树容器苗生长具有显著影响,不同N、P、K配比施肥中,F_(4)(氮肥、钾肥、磷肥用量为N 6.0 g·株^(-1)、P_(2)O_(5)1.5 g·株^(-1)和0.3 g·株^(-1))施肥量下,菩提树株高生长最快,增长率为380%。F_(1)(氮肥、钾肥、磷肥用量为N 0.0 g·株^(-1)、P_(2)O_(5)1.0 g·株^(-1)和K_(2)O 0.3 g·株^(-1))处理下,菩提树地径增长最快,总生物量最高。(2)不同施肥量下,菩提树全氮、全磷、全钾含量在根、茎、叶中分布呈显著差异。在施P1.5 g·株^(-1)处理下,随着施N量增加,全株含氮量呈增加趋势,在施P 1 g·株^(-1)处理下,随着施N量增加,全株含氮量呈递减趋势。随着N、P肥的增施,全株钾含量降低,增施N、P,菩提树对钾肥吸收降低。(3)叶片生长量与茎部氮含量、全株氮含量及根部磷含量呈极显著正相关,根部生物量与叶氮含量呈极显著正相关,与叶片磷含量、全株磷含量呈正相关;总生物量与叶片氮含量、全株磷含量呈正相关。钾肥在氮磷肥施用时,促进氮磷肥的均衡吸收,促进菩提树容器苗的生长。在本研究施肥配比范围内,N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O分别为6.0、1.5和0.3 g时菩提树株高生长最快,在N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O分别为0.0、1.0和0.3 g时,菩提树根系生长最好。

甘孜梨果仙人掌果复合饮料工艺研究

以甘孜梨果仙人掌果为主要原材料,辅以海南仙人掌果、金川雪梨、刺梨水提液研制一款复合饮料,以感官评分为评价指标,采用单因素、正交试验对复合饮料的配方进行优化。结果表明,复合饮料的最佳配方为甘孜梨果仙人掌果果汁添加量45%、海南仙人掌果果汁添加量20%、金川雪梨汁添加量30%、刺梨提取液添加量1%,按此配方制备得到的复合饮料色泽亮丽,组织状态良好,口感爽滑,酸甜适宜。

无花果粗多糖提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

本文以冻干无花果为原料,采用超声波辅助法提取粗多糖类物质,探讨提取溶剂、超声功率、提取温度和提取时间对无花果粗多糖提取率的影响,确定最佳提取参数,并通过DPPH自由基清除实验和总抗氧化能力测定评估无花果粗多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明,以去离子水为提取剂,在超声功率为300 W、提取温度为75℃,提取时间为50 min的条件下,无花果多糖提取率最大。抗氧化活性实验结果表明,无花果粗多糖对DPPH自由基有明显的清除作用。

7种榕属植物叶片的理化性质及对朱红毛斑蛾生长发育的影响

为探究相较于其余5种榕属植物,朱红毛斑蛾Phauda flammans偏好小叶榕Ficus concinna及垂叶榕F.benjamina的原因。本文通过测量比较7种常用的园林绿化榕属植物营养物质、次生代谢物质以及物理性状,采用室内饲养观察与调查统计的方法评估朱红毛斑蛾在小叶榕和垂叶榕上的发育历期和种群生命表参数。结果发现,与黄葛树、无花果、对叶榕、高山榕和印度榕相比,小叶榕和垂叶榕叶片可溶性糖含量分别为98.47μg/g与65.21μg/g;可溶性蛋白含量分别为4.18 mg/g与0.95 mg/g;含水量分别为0.84%与0.95%;叶片厚度分别为3.59 mm与2.65 mm;硬度分别为3.91 mN与3.49 mN;朱红毛斑蛾仅在小叶榕和垂叶榕上能完成生活史;与垂叶榕相比,取食小叶榕后的幼虫、蛹和成虫的生长发育历期更短,分别为50.25 d、11.48 d和4.28 d,种群存活率和繁殖率更高,且自然死亡排除控制指数为1.68,低于垂叶榕。说明小叶榕和垂叶榕叶片含有较高的营养物质、较低含量的次生代谢物质、较小的叶片硬度,导致朱红毛斑蛾偏好小叶榕和垂叶榕,并能完成生活史。因此在基于榕树植物的园林绿化造景过程中,应注意树种的搭配,降低朱红毛斑蛾对城市园林景观和生态效益的影响。

50份无花果种质资源遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建

为探究国内外无花果遗传多样性并对种质资源进行鉴定,利用15对SSR分子标记引物对50份无花果种质资源从DNA水平上进行遗传多样性分析,并构建DNA指纹图谱。结果表明,15对SSR引物在50份无花果种质资源中共扩增出67个等位基因,等位基因数范围为2~8个,观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)平均值分别为0.5947和0.5703,Shannon’s多态性信息指数(I)平均值为1.0452,多态性信息含量指数(PIC)变化范围为0.2411~0.7353,平均为0.5101,表明无花果种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。50份无花果种质资源之间的遗传距离为0~0.68,平均为0.39,与其他种质资源遗传距离最大的为哈代。基于SSR分子标记结果,利用UPGMA方法对50份无花果种质资源进行聚类分析,根据遗传距离可将50份无花果种质资源分为四大类,第Ⅰ类为哈代,第Ⅱ类为斯特拉,第Ⅲ类为梦幻甜蜜,其余无花果种质资源划归为第Ⅳ类。构建了26份无花果种质资源的SSR指纹图谱,可用于品种鉴定,以期为无花果分子辅助育种提供科学依据。

4种裂叶类型五指毛桃果实中氨基酸组成比较及营养价值评价

使用高效液相色谱仪检测4种裂叶五指毛桃果实中氨基酸含量,分析比较其氨基酸种类的组成成分,并对其营养价值进行评价。结果表明,4种裂叶五指毛桃果实中均含有被检测的17种氨基酸,三裂叶五指毛桃果实中氨基酸总量最高,为122.80 mg/g,而全缘叶五指毛桃果实中氨基酸总量最低,仅为83.27 mg/g,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的38.94%〜42.77%,精氨酸、亮氨酸和谷氨酸为含量最高的三种氨基酸。五指毛桃果实中芳香类氨基酸、甜味氨基酸及鲜味氨基酸含量丰富,平均含量分别为9.75、14.21和26.55 mg/g;药用氨基酸含量占总氨基酸比例的51.92%〜57.90%;氨基酸比值系数(RC)均接近1,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)介于88.64〜96.02之间,4种裂叶五指毛桃果实品质均较好。综上所述,五指毛桃果实中氨基酸含量丰富,是高药用价值的植物蛋白来源。该结果为五指毛桃果实营养价值评价、品种选育及保健食品的开发提供理论指导。

五指毛桃水提液制备泡腾片工艺优化

为研究五指毛桃泡腾片制备工艺,以水为溶剂,超声辅助提取五指毛桃中活性成分,采用高效液相色谱质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS/MS)测定提取物种类,通过单因素实验和正交试验优化五指毛桃泡腾片配方。结果表明,五指毛桃水提液检测到433种物质,种类最多的三种物质分别是羧酸及其衍生物(103种)、脂肪酰基(45种)和苯及其取代衍生物(36种)。主要活性成分糖类23种(含量6.71%),黄酮9种(含量0.22%),酚类16种(含量1.65%),香豆素类化合物5种(含量0.51‰),苯丙素类9种。五指毛桃泡腾片最佳制备工艺条件为:25%五指毛桃水提液干粉,50%崩解剂(柠檬酸与碳酸氢钠质量比为1:1.5),20%甘露醇,5%PEG-6000。此工艺条件下制得的五指毛桃泡腾片溶液呈棕黄色,且澄清透明,口感酸甜适口,对DPPH自由基的清除率IC50为1.65 mg/mL。五指毛桃水提液制备泡腾片含有丰富的活性成分且具备抗氧化活性。