Sex Pheromone Components of the Female Black Cutworm Moth in China: Identification and Field Trials

The sex pheromone blend of a China strain of the black cutworm moth Agrotis ypsilon （Rottemberg） （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） was investigated. Chemical analysis of pheromone gland extracts of 3-day-old females showed that individual isolated glands contained only very small amounts of pheromone. The high-resolution gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry （GC-MS） analysis showed the presence of Cis-7-dodecenyl acetate （Z7-12：Ac, A）, Cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate （Z9-14：Ac, B）, Cis- 11-hexadecenyl acetate （Z 11 - 16 ：Ac, C）, Cis-8-dodecenyl acetate （Z8-12：Ac, E） and Cis-5-decenyl acetate （Z5-10：Ac, D） in biologically active pheromone gland extracts. An extract of one gland from a day 3 female gave the following values for the gland components： 0.245±0.098ng for Z7-12：Ac, 0.080±0.031ng for Z9-14：Ac, 0.089±0.033ng for Z11-16：Ac, 0.085±0.031ng for Z5-10：Ac, 0.105±0.065ng for Z8-12：Ac per female. The percentages of Z7-12：Ac, Z9-14：Ac, Z11-16：Ac, Z5-10：Ac and ZS-12：Ac in pheromone gland extracts from individual females were （meaniSE） 40.451±13.66, 13.176±5.279, 14.943±5.142, 14.392±6.10 and 17.225±9.792 respectively, and the percentages of Z7-12：Ac, Z9-14：Ac and Z11-16：Ac were 58.75±9.429, 18.91±7.539 and 22.34±7.209. Field trials indicated that each single component of sex pheromone was non-effective and captured no males. The lures baited with duality compound of AB （3 ： 1） had a certain attraction to males, the mean captured number was 2.6. The attraction ability of the lures baited with ternary compound of ABC （3 ： 1 ：1） to males added significantly, the mean captured number per trap was 7.40, which was 2.8 times of duality compound of AB （3 ： 1）. The contents of sex pheromone could obviously affect its capture ability to males, the mean captured number was the highest at the dosage of 200 μg.

5G Features from Operation Perspective and Fundamental Performance Validation by Field Trial

The fast deployment and penetration of 4G has cultivated human behaviors on mobile data consumption, leading to explosive growth in mobile traffic and stimulating new requirements on the capabilities of mobile networks. To meet the requirements of mobile networks toward year 2020, the next genera- tion of mobile networks （termed as IMT-2020, or 5G） is designed to support 100 Mbps-1 Gbps user-experienced data rate, 1 ms radio transmission latency, and 1 million connec- tions per square kilometer. Recalling the vision and requirements of 5G targeting for commer- cial launch in 2020, this article overviews the key features of 5G and compares with those of 4G, and reports the world first field trials conducted to validate the key performance of 5G radio interface in 3.SGHz band. The trial results show that a 1 ms transmission latency and 1 Gbps data rate are achievable.

Field Trials of CpGV Virus Isolates Overcoming Resistance to CpGV-M

The Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used for many years as biological agent for codling moth control in apple orchards. Resistance to the Mexican strain of CpGV was detected in orchards in Germany, France and Italy. A laboratory insect colony was started from insects collected in a French resistant orchard. It was named RGV. Various virus isolates were identified as active against this resistant insect colony. Field tests were carried out in 2007 to test if the two virus isolates CpGV-I12 and NPP-R1 were effective in the field. Although these virus isolates were not able to reduce insect caused fruit damages, they significantly reduced the overwintering insect populations. NPP-R1 was subjected to eight passages on RGV larvae (NPP-R1.8) that improved its biological activity on RGV larvae. 2008 field trials were set up to test this improved virus strain, compared to CpGV-I12 and Madex plus active on RGV. These tests confirmed the ability to control both in susceptible and resistant insect populations.

Lignin engineering in forest trees: From gene discovery to field trials

Wood is an abundant and renewable feedstock for the production of pulp,fuels,and biobased materials.However,wood is recalcitrant toward deconstruction into cellulose and simple sugars,mainly because of the presence of lignin,an aromatic polymer that shields cell-wall polysaccharides.Hence,numerous research efforts have focused on engineering lignin amount and composition to improve wood processability.Here,we focus on results that have been obtained by engineering the lignin biosynthesis and branching pathways in forest trees to reduce cell-wall recalcitrance,including the introduction of exotic lignin monomers.In addition,we draw general conclusions from over 20 years of field trial research with trees engineered to produce less or altered lignin.We discuss possible causes and solutions for the yield penalty that is often associated with lignin engineering in trees.Finally,we discuss how conventional and new breeding strategies can be combined to develop elite clones with desired lignin properties.We conclude this review with priorities for the development of commercially relevant lignin-engineered trees.

NATIONAL FIELD TRIAL OF THE CHINESE CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF MENTAL DISORDERS: COMPREHENSIBILITY, ACCEPTABILITY AND APPLICABILITY

The Chinese Neurology and Psychiatry Association conducted a national field trial of its Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders (CCMD-2) involov-ing 26 provinces and municipalities, 80 psychiatric institutes, and 224 professionals. The results were as follows: (1)95.2% of researchers considered the comprehensibility of the CCMD-2 diagnstic criteria good. Within the ten major categories, comprehensibility ranged from 85.7% to 100%. (2) Of those surveyed concerning the acceptibility of the CCCMD-2 diagnostic criteria, 85.9% considered them acceptable. In individual classifications, the rate ranged from 74.1% to 95.2%. (3) 1498 cases were tested. The overall applicability rate which indicated the consistency between the CCMD-2 result and the actual clinical diagnoses was found to be 87.6%, (averaging Kappa = 0.82,P<0.01), better than those obtained from non-Chinese systems of diagnosis.

Field Trial of 40 Gbit/s ETDM Prototype System over 219 km of Installed Single Mode Fiber

Transmission of 40Gbit/s NRZ signal was successfully demonstrated over 219km of installed SMF in KT's Daejeon area network. After transmission, the measured power penalty was 0.5dB for all the tributary channels.

Geo-Coordinated Parallel Coordinates (GCPC): Field trial studies of environmental data analysis

The large number of environmental problems faced by society in recent years has driven researchers to collect and study massive amounts of data in order to understand the complex relations that exist between people and the environment in which we live.Such datasets are often high dimensional and heterogeneous in nature,with complex geospatial relations.Analysing such data can be challenging,especially when there is a need to maintain spatial awareness as the non-spatial attributes are studied.Geo-Coordinated Parallel Coordinates(GCPC)is a geovisual analytics approach designed to support exploration and analysis within complex geospatial environmental data.Parallel coordinates are tightly coupled with a geospatial representation and an investigative scatterplot,all of which can be used to show,reorganize,filter,and highlight the high dimensional,heterogeneous,and geospatial aspects of the data.Two sets of field trials were conducted with expert data analysts to validate the real-world benefits of the approach for studying environmental data.The results of these evaluations were positive,providing real-world evidence and new insights regarding the value of using GCPC to explore among environmental datasets when there is a need to remain aware of the geospatial aspects of the data as the non-spatial elements are studied.

The Field Efficacy Trial of Several Fungicides for Controlling Rice Sheath Blight Disease (Rhizoctonia solani)

[Objective]The paper was to study the field fficacy of several fumgicide against rice sheath bligh(Rhicoetonia solm).[Method]Field efficacy trial was performed with three novel fungicides,75%tebuconazole.azxytrobin WG,75%tifloxystrobion-tebuconazole WG and 24%6 thi-fluzamide sC,while 30%difenoconazole-propiconazole EC and 10%jingangmyein AS,which had been Long circulated in production,were uwsed as contrl agents.[Result]The three novel fungicides had better control ffe on sheath blight than the control agents;75%tebuconazole.azoxys-trobin WG at the dase of 20 g/667 m2 received the best contrl efect,and the control efect was still 87.72%at 20 d post administration,and the yield increase efect was remarkable.The control efects of 75%tiloxystrobin-tebuconazole wG and 24%thifluzamide SC were 85.67%and 87.36%,repectively.[Conclusion]75%tebuconazole.azxoxystrobin wG,75%tifloxystrobin tebuconazole WC and 24%thiluamide SC could be promted as rotation fungicides to control rice sheath blight.

滋养节杆菌S17的分离鉴定及其对黄瓜促生能力研究

为筛选出具有促生效果的生防细菌,本研究从河北、山东等地采集土样,分离筛选具有高产IAA能力的促生菌株,基于形态学特征、生理生化指标及多基因系统发育树分析,对潜在具有促生能力的菌株进行鉴定。同时测定促生菌株对黄瓜种子出芽及在盆栽试验、田间试验中对黄瓜幼苗的促生效果。结果表明:分离并鉴定出1株对黄瓜幼苗具有显著促生效果的细菌,滋养节杆菌ArthrobacterpascensS17。在DF+培养基中滋养节杆菌S17可大量合成IAA,其合成的IAA含量最高为128.54μg/mL。使用滋养节杆菌S17灌根处理,对黄瓜幼苗株高的增长率达到35.99%、对黄瓜幼苗叶面积的增长率达到26.90%,黄瓜幼苗各项生理指标均显著高于对照。滋生节杆菌S17对黄瓜促生效果显著,具有一定的开发应用前景。

不同声音对草鱼幼鱼负趋音性行为反应影响研究

声驱鱼技术作为辅助过鱼措施之一,承担着保证鱼类洄游顺利通过过鱼设施,继而保护鱼类资源和恢复河流连通性的重要作用。本研究采用交替播音的形式,以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼为研究对象进行负趋音性实验,旨在探究草鱼幼鱼面对不同声音的行为反应。实验水槽(3.6 m×1.1 m×1.0 m)布置于下牢溪周围水域,平均水深为0.5 m,平均流速为0.06 m/s。实验使用1种单频音(1 000 Hz)和5种复杂音(鱼游动声、引擎声、短吻鳄叫声、打桩声和游艇声),声压级(sound pressure level)为(117.69±2.77) dB re 1μPa,对照组为未播放声音时草鱼的行为反应数据。结果显示,播放复杂音时,草鱼的反应次数、趋音速度、运动时间比均显著高于单频音和对照组(P<0.001),草鱼的初次反应时间、平均反应时间均显著低于单频音和对照组(P<0.001);复杂音中,受到游艇声刺激的草鱼反应次数和趋音速度最大,受到鱼游动声刺激的草鱼反应次数、趋音速度最小;复杂音中,受到游艇声刺激的草鱼初次反应时间最短,为(23.40±5.13)s;受到引擎声刺激的草鱼初次反应时间最长,为(146.00±7.82) s,显著低于其他复杂音(P<0.05);受到游艇声和打桩声刺激的草鱼平均反应时间最短,分别为(26.52±3.01) s和(28.76±4.07) s;受到鱼游动声刺激的草鱼平均反应时间最长,为(64.76±17.82)s;复杂音中,受到鱼游动声刺激的草鱼运动时间比最高,为(98.47±0.48)%;受到引擎声刺激的草鱼运动时间比最低,为(94.58±0.54)%;播放单频音时,草鱼的反应次数、初次反应时间、平均反应时间、运动时间比均与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。本研究表明,5种复杂音(鱼游动声、引擎声、短吻鳄叫声、打桩声和游艇声)对草鱼幼鱼具有驱赶效果。本研究在丰富鱼类负趋音性研究的同时,为实际工程中声驱鱼辅助过鱼设施的设计和优化提供了科学依据。

5种除草剂对宁夏入侵生物刺苍耳的防控效果初探

本研究旨在筛选出适合在宁夏地区防控刺苍耳的除草剂,通过田间试验测定了2-甲基-4-氯二甲胺盐、氯氟吡氧乙酸、苯嘧·草甘膦、硝磺草酮、苯唑草酮5种除草剂对刺苍耳的株防效和鲜重防效。通过单因素方差分析及差异显著性检验,统计株防效。研究结果显示,在5种除草剂中,60%2-甲基-4-氯二甲胺盐AS 750 mL/hm^(2)、200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸EC 900 mL/hm^(2)、40%苯嘧·草甘膦OD 1500 mL/hm^(2)对刺苍耳防效显著,21 d防效分别为96.62%、98.31%、100%;鲜重防效结果显示,200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸EC 900 mL/hm^(2)、40%苯嘧·草甘膦OD 1500 mL/hm^(2)防控效果最好,21 d防效分别为93.94%、100%。综合以上防效结合作物种类,在荒地、林地、沟渠等防除刺苍耳,可选择灭生性除草剂苯嘧·草甘膦,在小麦、玉米等禾本科作物田防除刺苍耳,可优先选用氯氟吡氧乙酸类除草剂。本研究解过为筛选出高效防除药剂,及刺苍耳的防除提供了理论依据与数据支持。

0.02%二氢卟吩铁可溶粉剂在生姜种植上的应用效果

为探究二氢卟吩铁可溶粉剂在生姜种植上的应用效果,以0.01%芸苔素内酯乳油作为对照药剂,选用0.02%二氢卟吩铁可溶粉剂在生姜上进行田间试验。结果表明,0.02%二氢卟吩铁可溶粉剂不仅对生姜部分生长性状具有促进作用,同时还可以提高生姜产量,并且不会产生药害,安全性较好。其中稀释5000倍处理对生姜株高、茎粗、分枝数、叶宽和叶长的提高,以及增产效果最为显著,增幅分别达9.96%、9.92%、16.81%、8.42%、8.47%和14.23%。0.02%二氢卟吩铁可溶粉剂可促进生姜生长,并可提高生姜产量,为其进一步在生姜种植上的推广应用奠定基础。

基于PID控制的小麦智能播种机研制与试验

针对小麦播种机工作时地轮打滑和手动播量调整不精准等问题,研发了基于PID控制的小麦智能播种机。该播种机控制系统工作时,由速度传感器获取播种机行进速度,根据行进速度、单位面积播种量及播种机相关参数,计算排种轮转速的给定值,利用PID控制器实现对排种轮转速的控制。室内试验结果表明,播种机在不同作业条件下实际单位面积播种量与设定单位面积播种量误差均<2%,满足小麦精量播种的农艺要求。在中速和中高速作业条件下,智能排种系统控制精度较高、稳定性好。田间试验结果表明,小麦播种机的实际单位面积播种量与设定单位面积播种量之间最大误差2.33%,略大于室内试验结果,主要是由田间作业环境等因素造成的。基于PID控制的小麦智能精量播种机能有效提高播种精度。

多种药剂对豇豆蚜虫田间防治效果比较

为寻找高效安全药剂用以防治豇豆蚜虫,保障豇豆质量安全和农户种植效益,2023年开展了豇豆蚜虫田间药剂筛选试验。对比分析表明:防治豇豆蚜虫以10%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂300 g/hm2处理的速效性最好,药后1 d的平均防效可达82.32%;其次是50%氟啶虫酰胺水分散粒剂150 g/hm2处理;速效性最差的是60%吡蚜酮水分散粒剂180 g/hm2处理,药后1 d的平均防效仅为21.97%。4种供试药剂处理的持效期均较长,药后10 d、15 d的平均防效均保持在99%以上。

可调式分土装置的设计及试验

针对垄作大葱收获分土阻力大问题,确定了可调式分土装置的结构,降低了分土作业时消耗的功率。装置由分土圆盘、支架、调节座等组成,可将葱垄两侧的土壤进行切割、抛送。借助Design-Expert8.0.6软件,以分土盘的距离、偏角、转速为试验因素,功率为指标设计正交旋转组合试验,确定距离、偏角、转速对分土盘功率的影响顺序为偏角>转速>距离。利用响应曲面对试验结果进行优化,得到分土盘低功耗的最佳参数组合,即距离为100mm、偏角为20°、转速为30r/min。通过田间试验验证了最佳参数组合分土盘的分土效果较好,分土功率均值为145.8W。

芡叶瘤病菌生物学特性及防治药剂筛选

芡叶瘤病为水生蔬菜芡上的重要病害之一,为明确芡叶瘤病菌保藏的最佳条件并筛选出防控该病害的杀菌剂,采用生长速率法研究温度、pH、碳源及氮源对病原菌菌丝生长的影响,同时室内毒力测定杀菌剂单剂及混剂对病原菌的抑制率并开展单剂对芡叶瘤病防效的田间药效试验。结果表明该病原菌丝最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH 7;最适碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖和硝酸铵。室内毒力测定结果表明戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯、丙硫菌唑、苯醚甲环唑、氟环唑、丙环唑、嘧菌酯对供试病原菌的EC_(50)值分别为0.8992、0.6531、0.1650、1.8751、0.9227、2.3432和6.0517 mg/L,其中戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯和丙硫菌唑抑菌活性较强;田间药效试验结果表明,戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯和丙硫菌唑对芡叶瘤病防效分别为94.36%、85.64%和82.56%;室内联合毒力测定试验选择了戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯按照质量比1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、5:1、4:1、3:1、2:1组合,5:1配比时有增效作用,SR为1.5029,可在生产上用于芡叶瘤病防控。

基于BioBERT与BiLSTM的临床试验纳排标准命名实体识别

目的:提出一种基于BioBERT预训练模型的纳排标准命名实体识别方法(BioBERT-Att-BiLSTM-CRF),可自动提取临床试验相关信息,为高效制定纳排标准提供帮助。方法:结合UMLS医学语义网络和专家定义方式,制定医学实体标注规则,并建立命名实体识别语料库以明确实体识别任务。BioBERT-Att-BiLSTM-CRF首先将文本转换为BioBERT向量并输入至双向长短期记忆网络以捕捉上下文语义特征;同时运用注意力机制来提取关键特征;最终采用条件随机场解码并输出最优标签序列。结果:BioBERT-Att-BiLSTM-CRF在纳排标准命名实体识别数据集上的效果优于其他基准模型。结论:使用BioBERT-Att-BiLSTM-CRF能更高效地提取临床试验的纳排标准相关信息,从而增强临床试验注册数据的科学性,并为临床试验纳排标准的制定提供帮助。

不同比例芽孢杆菌对常见温室蔬菜病原菌抑制研究

本研究采用抑菌圈法探究不同比例芽孢杆菌对温室蔬菜病原菌的抑制效果,得到巨大芽孢杆菌、胶质芽孢杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌的混合菌株对黄瓜白粉病、番茄灰霉病、茄子青枯病最佳的抑制比例,并在田间进行实验以验证最优方案。实验结果表明:芽孢杆菌的混合菌液对3种植物病原菌都具有明显的抑制作用,其中巨大芽孢杆菌、胶质芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌比例为1∶1∶3的混合菌剂对黄瓜白粉病的抑制效果最明显,抑菌率达87.4%,田间防效达61.3%。混合比例为2∶1∶2的混合菌剂对番茄青枯病的抑制效果最明显,抑菌率达83.3%,田间防效达51.7%。混合比例为3∶2∶2的混合菌剂对茄子青枯病的抑制效果最明显,抑菌率达82.6%,田间防效达59.6%。结果表明混合菌剂对3种植物病原菌有良好的抑制效果,可应用于田间防治。

几种杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的田间药效试验

稻纵卷叶螟是水稻上一种重要的迁飞性害虫,对其防控的研究具有重要意义。为筛选出防效好的杀虫剂,在再生稻田开展了7种杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的田间小区防控试验。结果表明,48%毒死蜱乳油、6%阿维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、15%茚虫威悬浮剂对稻纵卷叶螟速效性和持效性均较好,药后14 d防效仍能保持在>75%;20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂和10%甲维·茚虫威悬浮剂防效略低,第14 d防效达分别达到71.59%和69.25%;而1.8%阿维菌素乳油和11.6%甲维·氯虫苯悬浮剂对稻纵卷叶螟防效最低,第14 d防效达仅达到64.63%和61.56%。综上,48%毒死蜱乳油、6%阿维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、15%茚虫威悬浮剂对稻纵卷叶螟具有较好的防治效果,可推荐防控稻纵卷叶螟。

水产养殖固体废弃物有机肥对土壤肥效和蔬菜品质的影响

研究旨在探讨水产养殖固体废弃物作为有机肥料对土壤肥力和蔬菜品质的影响。通过田间小区试验,设置4个不同处理组,分别为不施肥+辣椒(CK1)、不施肥+番茄(CK2)、施鱼粪有机肥+辣椒(T_(1))、施鸡粪有机肥+辣椒(T_(2))、施鱼粪有机肥+番茄(T_(3))、施鸡粪有机肥+番茄(T_(4)),研究鱼粪有机肥施用对土壤肥力、辣椒和番茄生长及果实品质的影响。研究结果显示,与空白对照组相比,鱼粪有机肥可以显著增加土壤微生物数量,提高土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、孔隙度等指标数值,从而增加土壤肥力,改善土壤物理结构,促进辣椒和番茄植株生长。同时鱼粪处理组蔬菜果实维生素C含量平均提高11.9%~24.0%、可溶性糖含量提高8.1%~16.7%,果实品质显著改善、营养价值提升。然而,与市售商品鸡粪有机肥相比,还需优化相关营养成分比例配置,尤其是提高速效钾含量。