Wedge-shaped HfO_(2) buffer layer-induced field-free spin-orbit torque switching of HfO_(2)/Pt/Co structure

Field-free spin-orbit torque(SOT)switching of perpendicular magnetization is essential for future spintronic devices.This study demonstrates the field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization in an HfO_(2)/Pt/Co/TaO_(x) structure,which is facilitated by a wedge-shaped HfO_(2)buffer layer.The field-free switching ratio varies with HfO_(2)thickness,reaching optimal performance at 25 nm.This phenomenon is attributed to the lateral anisotropy gradient of the Co layer,which is induced by the wedge-shaped HfO_(2)buffer layer.The thickness gradient of HfO_(2)along the wedge creates a corresponding lateral anisotropy gradient in the Co layer,correlating with the switching ratio.These findings indicate that field-free SOT switching can be achieved through designing buffer layer,offering a novel approach to innovating spin-orbit device.

Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and field-free sub-10 nm topological magnetism in Fe/bismuth oxychalcogenides heterostructures

Topological magnetism with strong robustness,nanoscale dimensions and ultralow driving current density(106 A/m^(2))is promising for applications in information sensing,storage,and processing,and thus sparking widespread research interest.Exploring candidate material systems with nanoscale size and easily tunable properties is a key for realizing practical topological magnetism-based spintronic devices.Here,we propose a class of ultrathin heterostructures,Fe/Bi_(2)O_(2)X(X=S,Se,Te)by deposing metal Fe on quasi-two-dimensional(2D)bismuth oxychalcogenides Bi_(2)O_(2)X(X=S,Se,Te)with excellent ferroelectric/ferroelastic properties.Large Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction(DMI)and topological magnetism can be realized.Our atomistic spin dynamics simulations demonstrate that field-free vortex–antivortex loops and sub-10 nm skyrmions exist in Fe/Bi_(2)O_(2)S and Fe/Bi_(2)O_(2)Se interfaces,respectively.These results provide a possible strategy to tailor topological magnetism in ultrathin magnets/2D materials interfaces,which is extremely vital for spintronics applications.

Ta thickness effect on field-free switching and spin-orbit torque efficiency in a ferromagnetically coupled Co/Ta/CoFeB trilayer

Current induced spin-orbit torque(SOT)switching of magnetization is a promising technology for nonvolatile spintronic memory and logic applications.In this work,we systematically investigated the effect of Ta thickness on the magnetic properties,field-free switching and SOT efficiency in a ferromagnetically coupled Co/Ta/Co Fe B trilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.We found that both the anisotropy field and coercivity increase with increasing Ta thickness from0.15 nm to 0.4 nm.With further increase of Ta thickness to 0.5 nm,two-step switching is observed,indicating that the two magnetic layers are magnetically decoupled.Measurements of pulse-current induced magnetization switching and harmonic Hall voltages show that the critical switching current density increases while the field-free switching ratio and SOT efficiency decrease with increasing Ta thickness.Both the enhanced spin memory loss and reduced interlayer exchange coupling might be responsible for theβ_(DL)decrease as the Ta spacer thickness increases.The studied structure with the incorporation of a Co Fe B layer is able to realize field-free switching in the strong ferromagnetic coupling region,which may contribute to the further development of magnetic tunnel junctions for better memory applications.

The effect of magnetic field-free space on the acoustic behavior of budgerigars(Me-lopsittacus undul

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Role of highest occupied molecular orbitals in molecular field-free alignment by a femtosecond pulse

This paper studies the molecular rotational excitation and field-free spatial alignment in a nonresonant intense laser field numerically and analytically by using the time-dependent SchrSdinger equation. The broad rotational wave packets excited by the femtosecond pulse are defined in conjugate angle space, and their coefficients are obtained by solving a set of coupled linear equations. Both single molecule orientation angles and an ensemble of O2 and CO molecule angular distributions are calculated in detail. The numerical results show that, for single molecule highest occupied molecular orbital （HOMO） symmetry σ tends to have a molecular orientation along the laser polarization direction and the permanent dipole moment diminishes the mean of the orientation angles; for an ensemble of molecules, angular distributions provide more complex and additional information at times where there are no revivals in the single molecule plot. In particular, at the revival peak instant, with the increase of temperature of the molecular ensemble, the anisotropic angular distributions with respect to the laser polarization direction of the πg orbital gradually transform to the symmetrical distributions regarding the laser polarization vector and for two HOMO configurations angular distributions of all directions are confined within a smaller angle when the temperature of the molecular ensemble is higher.

Effects of aligning pulse duration on the degree and the slope of nitrogen field-free alignment

Through theoretical analysis,we show how aligning pulse durations affect the degree and the time-rate slope of nitrogen field-free alignment at a fixed pulse intensity.It is found that both the degree and the slope first increase,then saturate,and finally decrease with the increasing pump duration.The optimal durations for the maximum degree and the maximum slope of the alignment are found to be different.Additionally,they are found to mainly depend on the molecular rotational period,and are affected by the temperature and the aligning pump intensities.The mechanism of molecular alignment is also discussed.

Field-free switching through bulk spin−orbit torque in L10-FePt films deposited on vicinal substrates

L1_(0)-FePt distinguishes itself for its ultrahigh perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA),enabling thermally stabile memory cells to scale down to 3 nm.The recently discovered“bulk”spin−orbit torques in L1_(0)-FePt provide an efficient and scalable way to manipulate the L1_(0)-FePt magnetization.However,the existence of an external field during the switching limits its practical application,and therefore field-free switching of L1_(0)-FePt is highly demanded.In this manuscript,by growing the L1_(0)-FePt film on vicinal MgO(001)substrates,we realize the field-free switching of L1_(0)-FePt.This method is different from previously established strategies as it does not need to add other functional layers or create asymmetry in the film structure.The dependence on the vicinal angle,film thickness,and growth temperature demonstrates a wide operation window for the fieldfree switching of L1_(0)-FePt.We confirm the physical origin of the field-free switching is due to the tilted anisotropy of L1_(0)-FePt induced by the vicinal surface.We also quantitatively characterize the spin-orbit torques in the L1_(0)-FePt films.Our results extend beyond the established strategies to realize field-free switching,and potentially could be applied to mass production.

Field-free approaches for deterministic spin–orbit torque switching of the perpendicular magnet

All-electrical driven magnetization switching attracts much attention in next-generation spintronic memory and logic devices,particularly in magnetic random-access memory(MRAM)based on the spin–orbit torque(SOT),i.e.SOT-MRAM,due to its advantages of low power consumption,fast write/read speed,and improved endurance,etc.For conventional SOT-driven switching of the magnet with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy,an external assisted magnetic field is necessary to break the inversion symmetry of the magnet,which not only induces the additional power consumption but also makes the circuit more complicated.Over the last decade,significant effort has been devoted to field-free magnetization manipulation by using SOT.In this review,we introduce the basic concepts of SOT.After that,we mainly focus on several approaches to realize the field-free deterministic SOT switching of the perpendicular magnet.The mechanisms mainly include mirror symmetry breaking,chiral symmetry breaking,exchange bias,and interlayer exchange coupling.Furthermore,we show the recent progress in the study of SOT with unconventional origin and symmetry.The final section is devoted to the industrial-level approach for potential applications of field-free SOT switching in SOT-MRAM technology.

基岩中入射波三维时域反演及自由场构建

基岩入射波一维和二维时域反演不能反映入射方位角和斜入射角的空间任意性,导致构建的自由场可能与实际偏离较远,因此有必要开展基岩入射波三维时域反演研究。基于波函数组合法,利用基岩中P波、SV波和SH波的入射波时程表达地表控制点自由场,建立基于设计地震动的基岩入射波三维时域反演方法,并进一步构建了多波组合斜入射下的空间非一致自由场,分析了基于一维和二维反演方法构建的自由场偏差,揭示了不同反演和自由场构建方法对于沥青混凝土心墙土石坝地震响应的影响机制。结果表明:基于地震动三维反演方法构建的自由场具有空间非一致性,能够更全面地反映场地的地震动场情况。当入射方位角在0°~60°、斜入射角在40°~90°范围内,与三维反演方法相比,一维反演方法构建的特征点x向自由场偏差较大,位移峰值最大偏差为55.8%;当入射方向与某个水平坐标轴平行时,二维反演方法构建的特征点另一个水平向自由场偏差较大,位移峰值最大偏差为100%。介质泊松比增大,一维反演下x向自由场偏差减小,二维反演下x向自由场偏差增大,特征点位移峰值最大偏差分别为46%和36%。与基于地震动三维反演方法获得的心墙拉应力最大值相比,二维和一维反演下拉应力最大值分别减小了83.3%和20.0%。

苜蓿抗寒突变体生理生化及性状指标分析

为选育在黑龙江省可越冬的理想紫花苜蓿品种。以‘龙牧806’零磁空间诱变处理后二代群体中获得的lm1609、lm1625、lm1704三个抗寒突变体为实验材料,通过测定发芽指标、越冬率、产量特性指标及根系生理生化指标,进行抗寒性能鉴定。3个突变体发芽指数与对照差异不显著;发芽势、简化活力指数lm1609显著高于lm1625、lm1704,分别为82.05%、469.82(P<0.05);3个突变体的越冬率都显著低于对照组;突变体和对照6月6日起始株高差异不显著,随着植株生长,7月6日和8月6日lm1609、lm1704显著高于lm1625和对照;突变体lm1609、lm1625、lm1704三者鲜草产量差异不显著,但显著高于对照(P<0.05);三个苜蓿突变体植株根系过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶均显著高于对照,并且突变体lm1609 POD、SOD最高,分别达到304.85 OD470/(min·g)、208.41 U/g(P<0.05)。lm1609突变体具有较高的抗寒特性及产量特性,是为理想的抗寒突变体材料。

一种基于线性零磁场的动脉血管扫描成像方法仿真

基于磁电耦合效应的血流检测及血管成像是实现心血管疾病早期诊疗的有效方法之一。该文基于磁场与血流耦合电效应,设计一种用于动脉血管扫描成像的组合线圈结构,产生带有零磁场线(FFL)区域的线性梯度磁场;在此结构的基础上,通过控制激励电流驱动FFL实现成像区域双向扫描;结合卷积神经网络(CNN)实现磁电耦合信号与血管信息的非线性映射,进而提出一种基于线性零磁场的动脉血管扫描成像新方法。采用多物理场仿真软件COMSOL对基于线性零磁场的血管扫描成像方法进行建模,求解磁电耦合信号,验证了所提出方法的合理性和有效性。结果表明,线性梯度磁场模式下的磁电耦合信号含有血管位置、半径等信息;CNN重建血管位置误差平均值为1.5694 mm,重建血管半径的方均误差(MSE)和相关系数(CC)平均值分别为0.0548和0.9870。研究结果可用于血管成像装置设计及后续相关临床应用提供研究支撑。

基于模型验证与确认方法的空爆自由场网格敏感性分析

为能够在合理计算规模下准确模拟空爆自由场冲击波特征的网格划分方案,获得可靠的计算结果,本文运用验证与确认(verification and validation,V&V)方法,通过开展网格敏感性分析,确认了炸药空爆计算模型的数值解、外推估值、网格收敛指标与比例距离的定量关系,给出了满足不同网格收敛指标要求的最大比例网格尺寸随比例距离位置的变化关系。据此,在比例距离Z为0~40 m·kg^(-1/3)范围内,给出了划分渐变网格的优化方案。针对1维、2维、3维计算模型,分别比较了细网格、粗网格、渐变网格方案的计算精度与计算耗时情况,讨论了本文提出网格划分方法的适用性。同时,采用本文建议的网格优化方案,给出了动爆冲击波毁伤飞机数值模拟场景的应用算例。结果表明,本文建议的网格优化方案可在几乎不降低计算精度的前提下显著提升计算效率,可为空爆自由场或者近似计算场景的数值模型网格划分提供参考。

地下结构地震响应分析的高效混合模拟方法

数值模拟是地下结构抗震分析的重要手段之一,然而地震动输入及边界效应、模型尺度规模等因素均会影响数值模拟的计算精度和效率,并且存在计算尺度、计算时间、计算精度之间的矛盾,因此如何高效、精确地模拟地下结构与地层相互作用体系的地震响应仍是亟待解决的关键问题。基于区域缩减法(DRM)将边界元和有限元相融合的核心思想,旨在建立能够合理模拟地下结构-地层系统地震响应特征的高效混合分析方法。首先将地下结构-地层整体模型划分为近场地层-结构内域子模型和远场地层外域子模型,通过构造重合节点保证内域-外域耦合边界处的位移连续性;其次,基于边界元求解外域自由场或地形影响下的非自由场地震动特征,并采用DRM构造矩阵方程将外域动力响应转化为等效地震荷载,可以在保证地震动合理输入的前提下极大地缩减外域模型尺寸,进而实现对内域中地下结构地震响应的快速参数化分析;最后,设计了两组典型算例以检验该方法的可靠性和高效性。结果表明:对于无地形影响下的双线隧道地震响应模拟,通过与远置边界参考解对比验证了方法的有效性;对于受地形条件影响下的双线隧道地震响应模拟,本方法在保证精度要求的基础上极大缩减了包括地形在内的外域模型范围,相比远置边界法和传统黏弹性法,可使计算模型尺度分别缩减97%和83%,计算时间减少72%和58%。此外,该方法还可推广到斜入射地震动作用下地下结构的动力响应分析。

解冻方式对炝蟹食用品质的影响

为研究不同解冻方式对冻藏炝蟹食用品质的影响,筛选食用前的最佳解冻方式,对低温解冻、室温解冻、流水解冻、超声解冻和脉冲磁场辅助解冻5种方式的解冻曲线、感官评价、电子舌、蟹肉蛋白质及其降解产物和呈味核苷酸含量变化进行分析。结果表明:超声和脉冲磁场辅助解冻最具时效性(10.4、26.2 min),低温解冻最耗时(312.6 min)。脉冲磁场辅助解冻蟹肉的色泽、质地和气味的评分最高,超声解冻的口感评分最好。电子舌结果表明,低温解冻、脉冲磁场辅助解冻和超声解冻蟹肉品质较接近,与流水解冻和室温解冻之间存在较大差异。超声解冻蟹肉的水分质量分数最高(84.37%),脉冲磁场辅助解冻的蛋白降解指数最低(13.83%),流水解冻的蟹肉水分质量分数最低(77.36%),且蛋白降解指数最高(16.64%)。低温解冻蟹肉的总游离氨基酸含量最高(2885.78 mg/100 g),脉冲磁场辅助和超声解冻蟹肉中谷氨基酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸的含量相近,分别为97.50、665.80 mg/100 g和487.20 mg/100 g及92.30、642.40 mg/100 g和490.50 mg/100 g,显著高于其他3种解冻方式。不同解冻方式对炝蟹蟹肉中呈味核苷酸作用显著,超声和脉冲磁场辅助解冻蟹肉中呈味核苷酸具有较高的含量,以脉冲磁场辅助解冻蟹肉中等效鲜味浓度最高(44.38 g/100 g)。因此,脉冲磁场辅助解冻最适宜作为冻藏炝蟹的解冻方式。

水声材料声学参数测试技术的进展

水声材料是水下声系统能力形成和发展的基础,其声学参数测试技术是确保水声材料构件功能实现的重要保障,然而目前水声材料构件的测试技术面临着低频拓展及高压拓展等方面带来的技术挑战。水声材料构件的声管测试技术可分为驻波管法、脉冲管法和行波管法,此3种方法在适用性方面相互补充,但存在测试构件尺寸小难以阐明结构的整体特性、构件与管壁间的缝隙造成测量失准的问题。自由场测试技术及压力罐测试技术是大面积水声材料测试的有效手段,但存在测试构件边缘衍射造成测量准确性降低的问题。对目前采用的水声材料测试技术及其研究现状进行了综述,讨论了各类测试技术存在的困难和挑战,并展望了水声材料构件测试技术未来的发展方向。

基于超导的小型化磁粒子成像系统仿真构建

针对磁粒子成像技术尚停留在实验室鼠用设备阶段,传统线材线圈过大,无法在可接受的设备体量内达到临床人体检测所需磁场强度的问题,提出了一种基于超导技术构建高场强、小型化磁粒子成像设备的方法。采用高温超导MgB_(2)线圈替代传统铜线圈,构建磁粒子成像选择场与驱动场。结果表明,在达到相同磁通量的情况下,超导磁粒子成像系统可将两组功能区总质量降低为0.01 kg,设备体积缩小至7 L。在此基础上,采用超导线圈构建梯度磁场还能够获得更高的变化斜率,使零磁扫描区边缘更为清晰规则,移动过程中形态更为稳定,平均直径缩小近二分之一。

地震波斜入射下水平成层覆盖层地基波动输入研究

覆盖层具有土体动力非线性和结构成层特征,地震波斜入射下覆盖层地基自由场计算难度增大、人工边界吸能能力受到限制,制约了地震波动输入精度和应用。以水平成层覆盖层为研究对象,引入势函数理论,构建了地震波斜入射下顶层幅值矩阵与任意层幅值矩阵之间的动态传递关系,获得土体时域应变;基于二维应变状态理论,采用等效线性化法反映土体动力非线性,建立了地震波斜入射下非线性水平成层覆盖层地基自由场解析计算方法。利用作者发展的非线性黏弹性人工边界单元模拟远域辐射阻尼效应,近场波动分析中边界单元参数随内层土体单元动剪应变变化,边界单元吸能能力达到最优。结合解析自由场转换得到的等效输入荷载,建立了适用于地震波斜入射下非线性水平成层覆盖层地基地震波动输入方法。该方法能够依据深部斜入射波和地表地震动实现覆盖层地基波动输入,依据地表地震动实现波动输入是避免了通过基底地震动正演自由场等过程。研究了弹性水平双层和非线性水平多层覆盖层地基地震响应,结果表明,波动输入计算获得位移和应力均与解析解有较高拟合度,计算精度高,可为水平成层覆盖层地基上土石坝地震响应研究提供基础。

近自由液面聚能战斗部水下爆炸威力场

聚能战斗部反舰武器因其高效毁伤能力而受到重视,然而现阶段对其在近自由液面的威力场研究较少。为此,结合聚能战斗部对水下靶板毁伤试验结果,建立与之相对应的数值仿真模型,利用任意拉格朗日欧拉(arbitrary Lagrange-Euler,ALE)算法模拟了金属射流形成和毁伤靶板全过程。同时,在验证模型算法有效性的基础上,通过系列工况设置,研究了小锥角聚能战斗部在近自由液面爆炸冲击波和射流特点。研究结果表明,近自由面聚能战斗部水下爆炸压力具有不对称性;自由液面对金属射流无明显影响,但受自由液面处反射的稀疏波影响,近自由液面冲击波压力下降,出现空化区域。

基于虚拟传感器的坝区多输出自由场地震时程长序列预测模型研究

坝区自由场地震时程的多维长时序预测对于震害快速分析具有重要意义。虚拟传感器是地震物理传感器的补充感知手段,可实现地震时程的预测,然而现有虚拟传感器难以对多个信号做长时序预测,导致大坝震害分析较为滞后。针对上述问题,提出基于TFA-Seq2Seq虚拟传感器的坝区多输出自由场地震时程长序列预测模型。其中,基于多任务学习将Seq2Seq的虚拟传感器改进为“Encoder-3 Decoder”结构,以建立多个坝体物理传感器信号与自由场三个方向长时序地震时程的映射关系,并添加注意力机制捕获多个输入信号的时序依赖关系,以解决同步多输出预测问题及提升预测精度。进一步,引入可逆的时频变换层和其逆变换层改进编码器和解码器,以缩短地震信号的时域长度,提取频域特征,并提出对应的随机强制学习的模型训练策略,从而克服了现有虚拟传感器难以对长序列进行有效预测的缺陷。案例分析表明,该方法实现了坝区自由场三个方向地震信号的超前10 s虚拟感知,且相较于未添加注意力机制和单输出的模型,预测精度分别提高了6.88%和3.32%,研究为震时地震信息的超前感知提供了新思路和新途径。

考虑流场黏性的气泡与自由液面作用的数值模拟

[目的]旨在探究计入可压缩性和黏性效应流场中水下爆炸气泡与自由液面相互作用时液面水冢的演化规律。[方法]首先,基于OpenFOAM的可压缩两相流求解器和流体体积法(VOF),建立计入流场可压缩性和黏性效应的水下爆炸气泡与自由液面耦合作用的数值模型;然后,通过与试验结果进行对比,验证数值模型的有效性;最后,研究不同流场黏性和不同距离参数对气泡脉动过程及液面水冢运动的影响。[结果]结果显示,流场黏性效应对于水冢高度、气泡脉动周期、气泡脉动尤其是反弹阶段的气泡形态均有重要影响;低黏度流体中环状气泡形态不易于保持,易出现环状气泡的撕裂现象;随着距离参数的增大,自由表面和气泡之间的耦合效应逐渐减弱,气泡脉动周期增大,主峰和二次水冢尖峰的高度减小,同时主峰和射流的宽度逐渐增大。[结论]所做研究可为气泡在不同黏性流场中的演变机理提供参考。