Analyzing China's Non-performing Financial Assets

The non-performing assets of China’s financial institutions totaled RMB l,800 billion. Has this threatened the safety of China’s financial industry? Where do this large amount of nonperforming assets come from?

Financial Knowledge,Capability to Guard Against Risks,and Rural Households’Selection of Financial Assets:An Empirical Study Based on Rural Households in China

Based on rural household data collected in two rounds of the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)in 2015 and 2017,respectively,this paper presents the likely impact of financial literacy and capability against risks on the breadth and depth of participation by rural households in risky financial markets.After instrumental variables are used to solve endogenous problems,we find that a good command of financial knowledge and a higher risk management level could significantly increase the probability and proportion of rural households investing in risky financial assets.A mechanism analysis further reveals that financial knowledge motivates rural households to engage in financial investments by helping them evaluate their capability to guard against risks.After multiple dimensions of indicators are employed to measure financial knowledge,the estimated results remain stable.In view of this,we have put forward some policy suggestions to increase the property income of rural households and promote the rural financial market.

Financial assets owned by Chinese residents to surpass 7,000 billion yuan this year

According to forecasts by relevant experts, the financial assets owned by Chinese residents will hit 7,211 billion yuan this year, a 17 per cent increase over last year or 16.4 per cent more after deduction of price factors. So far as the structure of these financial assets is concerned, bank savings deposits by Chinese residents will grow by 17.2 per cent to 5,426 billion yuan by the end of this year, accounting for 75.2 per

Editorial to special issue“Hidden market linkages between Bitcoin,cryptocurrencies and financial markets:Evidence from high‑frequency data and higher‑order moments”in financial innovation

The cryptomarket has evolved into a complex system of different types of cryptoassets,each playing an important role within the system.With specific features,opportunities,and risks.Studying their apparent and hidden linkages and general connectedness not only inside the system but also the linkages to the outer markets,being it either the traditional financial markets or the macroeconomic and monetary indicators and variables,plays a crucial role in understanding the market,managing risks,and aiming for profitable opportunities.The cryptomarkets are far from being simply Bitcoin or even just the most popular and capitalised cryptocurrencies and tokens which might have been the case just a few years back.

Evolution of China's Financial Asset Mix from 1991 to 2007

In 1996,the first author of this essay manifested that financial assets structure of China,which was then dominated by indirect financing,had led to many problems in the economy.After more than ten years of financial reform,has the financial assets structure been improved?Can the existing financial assets structure accommodate the development of Chinese economy?This paper tries to answer the above questions by reanalyzing the current financial structure in China.It is found that the financial asset structure of China has experienced obvious improvement.Meanwhile the new structure has brought some new problems which ought to be resolved by further improvement of monetary market and capital market.In the coming ten years,the optimal path for the development of China’s financial market is through twoway opening.

Roles of Financial Innovation and Information Technology:Lessons from US Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis and Its Implications for China

The mortgage loan has evolved from a local lending instrument into a major global security and its role is unparallel to other financial instruments in the process of financial globalization. This paper explains how technology and financial innovation transformed the mortgage loan from a local security into a premier global security traded worldwide. It examines the fundamental flaws of this process and why it does not work in regards to mortgage lending and the re-securitization products that were created through financial innovation. The findings show that regulation was unable to keep pace with financial innovation, which created an environment where actors in the financial service sector were able to behave geographically irresponsibly by using information asymmetries to their advantage by par- ticipating in moral hazard activities and engaging in other immoral and unethical business practices that were centered around localized geography, which ultimately contributed to the global financial crisis. It also examines the roll of financial innovation in regard to the Lehman Brothers Mini-Bond in Hung and its role as a driving force behind China＇s newly emerging shadow banking sector. It concludes with a policy recommendation and its implication for China＇s continued economic development.

Modelling the Financial Value of the Maroochy River to Property Values: An Application of Neural Networks

The Maroochy River, which is located on east coast of Australia, provides a variety of uses and values to the community. Changes in structure, function and management of the river will influence the value that the community derives from it. Therefore, critical to the river’s continued management is the development of policy relevant tools based on the community’s value of the river. This paper focuses on estimating the fi-nancial value the local residents derive from living close to the river through investigation of changes in residential property values due to attributes of the Maroochy River. It is a complex analysis since there are several confounding geographical and property variables. Given a large and complete dataset of 28,000 properties for the Maroochy region, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was applied to estimate the economic value of the properties. This ANN was then able to simulate scenarios for property values with respect to changes in environmental features. It showed the Maroochy River contributed AU$900,000,000 to the unim-proved capital value of the whole region, a value that could not be estimated previously, and much higher than anticipated. Calculating potential annual payments to the Shire Council through land tax analysis from these property values, provides the council with means to justify expenditure to maintain a standard of water quality and ecosystem health.

The Financial Structure of Italian Companies

The choice of capital structure by firms is a recurring topic of corporate finance and evolving on a theoretical and empirical level. On a theoretical level, scholars propose variations to the models by removing the theoretical hypothesis or expanding variables considered, likewise, on an empirical level, researchers provide survey, which contributions aimed at increasing the understanding of the phenomenon as a whole, considering the possible events in the variety and variability of firms. In particular, one of the most debated topics in the literature regards the existence or absence of relationship between the choices of financial structure and firm value, or the determination of an optimal leverage for the value. Therefore, the attention of researchers has focused on the identification of relationship between debt and equity that maximizes firm＇s performance and meet shareholders＇ expectations in terms of return on capital employed for the same risk. Hence, the aim of this paper is to provide another piece to the cognitive complexity of the phenomenon, focusing the research on Italian firms, given the importance of leverage in the financial structure of Italian firms. The methodology used is based on the analysis conducted using the Mediobanca database aggregated sector by sector to identify the main determinants of financial structure. The conclusion is that it is not possible to say with certainty which financial structure theory better represents the behavior of Italian firms concerning financial structure.

Factors Affecting Financial Performance of Tourism Destination Firms Listed on Stock Exchanges in China

Purpose:the aim of this research is to test the effect of financial ratio on the financial performance of tourism destination firms listed on stock exchange in China.The research selected ratios:current ratio(CR)as a dimension of liquidity,total asset turnover ratio(TATR)as a dimension of asset utilization,debt ratio(DE)as a dimension of leverage,natural logarithm of total asset(LNTA)as a dimension of firm size,GDP growth rate as a dimension of economic prosperity,and effective tax rate as a dimension of effective tax.This research will use return on asset(ROA),return on sales(ROS),return on equity(ROE)and sales growth(SG)to determine the financial performance.Since stock exchange founded in China,tourism destination firm developed very fast.However tourism destination listed firms have weakness financial performance.Design/methodology/approach:the research data collected from quarterly financial report,from 2012 Q1 to 2018 Q4.The secondary data has been analyzed by multiple regression.Finding:the result indicate that CR,TATR,GDP growth rate have positive impact on financial performance.While DE has negative impact on financial performance.And LNTA has a mix result with financial performance.Originality/value:This study led to the effect of financial ratios on tourism's financial performance since past researches with this aim were difficult to identify and certain references were not specifically linked to the topic.

Analyzing on the Characteristics of Several Typical Financial Behavior of Loss Listed Companies in China

In combination with socio-economic development of China＇s current status, this article analyzes the characteristics of several typical financial behavior of loss listed companies in China. Among them, the debt financing behavior have a high level, a single means, a short-term structured and other characteristics, the corporate governance behavior have a goal of collaborative, several forms, and a complex environment, the earnings management behavior have diverse motives, many types of means, bigger range and other features, the asset restructuring behavior have a passive subject, methods of differentiation, performance-oriented features such as myopia.

How to Offset Interior Debts in Consolidated Financial Statement for Reformed Group Enterprises

The content items to be offset of the reformed debt in consolidated financial statement of the operation occurred inside the group of enterprise is different from other general inner trades such as the sale of the stock or fixed asset, etc.. Through the reformed debt, the debtor and creditor have erased debt and credit on their bookkeeping. What to be offset are the capital reserve and the changed value of the asset. In this paper, the offsetting method of such items will be discussed.

Financial Statement Valuations in Italian Accounting Thought Between the 19th and the 20th Century： From ＂Exchange Value＂ to ＂Historical Cost＂

The main subject of this paper is the theory of financial statement valuations observed in its historical development. More notably, regarding the subject, the research is concerned with some theoretical concepts developed by the Italian doctrine in a very specific age, namely, between the 19th and the 20th century, which in fact, devoid of any accounting regulation. This paper analyzes in particular the shift from the exchange value rule to the historical cost method and tries to explain the reasons of such a development. In the second half of the 19th century, some of the best Italian scholars, who were faced with the need to properly develop the problem of accounting valuations, thought that it was appropriate to rely on concepts that belonged to similar sciences, such as economics and real estate appraisal, by blindly borrowing the theory of value from the former and the theory of valuations from the latter. During that age, everything hinged around the concept of exchange value. At the dawn of the 20th century, the Italian accounting doctrine began to wonder about a subject that was crucial to the financial statement theory： the informative purposes underlying the financial statements. At the same time, the first principle took shape, which might be called as the ＂finalistic principle of value＂. It is still the basis of the theory of financial accounting measurements, for which different evaluative criteria must be applied to different informative purposes. Thus, an alternative criterion to that of the exchange value makes its appearance on the scene of the accounting valuations, notably the historical cost. The introduction of the historical cost criteria and above all the relinquishment of the combination of the ＂economic cost＂ in favor of that of the ＂manufacturing cost＂ allow the Italian accounting to get rid of the theories of economics and real estate appraisal, thus, becoming independent regarding the financial statement valuations.

Comparative Financial Analysis of Conventional and Islamic Banks of Developing Countries

This study investigated the financial performance of Bangladesh’s State-Owned Commercial Banks,Islami Shariah Based Private commercial Banks and Conventional Private Commercial Banks over 12 years from 2006 to 2017.The objective of this study is to find out the financial performance of a bank based on CAMEL indicators.The finding of this study is that Islami Shariah Based Private commercial Banks and Conventional Private Commercial Banks has a good position than State-Owned Commercial Banks.Specific,Pubali Bank Limited,Standard Bank Limited,Prime Bank Limited,City Bank Limited and Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited are in the best position in Bangladesh under this study.We also found that the performance of State-Owned Commercial Banks is not good.This study gives a policy implementation according to results.1.State-Owned Commercial Banks should restructure the infrastructure.2.It needs more emphasis on efficiency and effectiveness to control the cost and loan investment.3.It will be required to pay more in insurance premiums.4.It should be born in mine,for higher rating banks.We suggest to a higher number of rating banks that it’s hinders a bank’s ability to expand by investing,consolidating,or adding more branches.We also suggest to all lower rating banks.The institutions with a poor rating will be required to pay more in insurance premiums.

地方审计管理体制改革能抑制地方国有 企业金融资产配置吗?

以2015年末我国实施的省以下审计机关人财物管理试点改革作为准自然实验,选取2011—2020年A股地方国有企业为研究样本,利用双重差分模型实证检验地方审计管理体制改革对地方国有企业金融资产配置的影响。研究结果表明,地方审计管理体制改革有效抑制了地方国有企业金融资产配置规模。区分金融资产类别后研究发现,地方审计管理体制改革对企业显性金融资产规模的抑制效果较明显,但与隐性金融资产配置规模间无明显相关关系。进一步研究发现,当地方审计管理体制改革力度以及地方审计机关的审计强度越大时,政府审计对企业金融资产配置的抑制作用越明显。机制分析发现,地方审计管理体制改革通过规范政府干预缩减了地方国有企业显性金融资产配置规模,且在财政压力较大的地区这一抑制效果更为明显。

数字金融、家庭异质性决策与共同富裕——基于中国家庭金融调查数据的实证

降低居民收入不平等程度是实现共同富裕的根本途径。文章基于中国家庭金融调查数据(CHFS),使用OLS、2SLS、Logit模型和分位数回归模型,考察数字金融对收入分配的影响,揭示出数字金融促进共同富裕的作用途径。研究发现,数字金融提高了低收入和高收入家庭总收入、经营性收入、工资性收入以及财产性收入,整体上有助于改善收入分配状况,但是对不同类型的收入差距具有异质性影响。具体而言:(1)数字金融改善了低收入群体的创业行为,并且对低收入群体创业行为的影响大于高收入群体,缩小了家庭经营性收入差距;(2)数字金融能够提高居民就业水平,高收入群体受益更显著,扩大了家庭工资性收入差距;(3)数字金融增加了低收入群体持有金融资产偏好,低收入群体获得资产溢价,缩小了家庭财产性收入差距。进一步研究发现,数字金融显著促进了低收入家庭增收;相较于数字信贷,数字支付和数字理财能较好地缩小收入差距;户主受教育程度较低或者户主年龄在36岁及以上的中老年家庭,数字金融的收入再分配效应更显著。

公立医院数据资产入表财务管理路径与框架研究

目的在遵循国家行政事业性国有资产管理相关法律法规和财政部《关于加强行政事业单位数据资产管理的通知》的前提下,探索公立医院数据资产财务管理的路径。方法按照《政府会计准则》和数据资产相关业务模式的特性,借鉴企业数据资产入表的路径,构建公立医院数据资产入表、会计核算、报告全流程财务管理框架。结果通过构建公立医院数据资产财务管理框架,切实保障了公立医院国有资产的安全与完整,规范了医院数据资产的财务管理。结论医院数据资产入表的财务管理路径与框架的创新构建,对后续出台相关政策、开展相关研究具有借鉴意义。

营商环境与企业“脱实向虚”

基于A股上市公司数据,探讨在“以国内大循环为主体,推动国内国际双循环相互促进”背景下的营商环境改善对企业“脱虚向实”的影响及其内在作用机制。研究发现,地区营商环境越好,企业的金融资产投资水平越低;基于“行政审批中心设立”的准自然实验,进一步证实营商环境的改善显著降低了企业的金融资产持有水平。机制检验发现,这一效应的产生是通过降低企业经营风险和提高实体投资效益两条路径实现的。拓展性研究发现,营商环境改善在降低企业金融资产投资的同时,提高了企业对研发的投资;这些效应在中小企业和非国有企业中尤为显著。上述结果表明营商环境的改善有助于激励企业“脱虚向实”,这在政策层面意味着改善营商环境可能是解决经济“脱实向虚”和民营企业、中小企业纾困发展两大问题的一剂良药。

压力还是监督:机构投资者调研与企业金融化

基于2013—2021年深交所A股上市公司面板数据,从监督效应和压力效应两种竞争视角,考察机构投资者调研对企业金融化的影响。结果表明,机构投资者调研对企业金融化具有正向影响。划分金融资产配置结构后发现,机构投资者调研能够促进企业配置“蓄水池”类金融资产,抑制企业配置“投资替代”类金融资产,这说明机构投资者调研对企业金融资产配置具有监督效应。进一步研究发现,融资约束较低、代理成本较高的企业,机构投资者调研对其金融资产配置的监督效应更强;机构投资者调研对金融资产配置的监督效应有助于提高企业全要素生产率。研究结果对有关部门完善投资者关系管理,借助市场手段改善“脱实向虚”问题提供了可行依据。

人口流动对家庭风险金融资产配置的影响——基于CHFS数据的实证研究

改革开放以来,中国经历了大规模的人口迁移,形成了庞大的流动人口群体,对经济社会各个领域产生了深刻的影响,也在一定程度上改变了居民的家庭金融资产配置结构。利用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2017和2019年两期数据,实证分析了人口流动对家庭风险金融资产配置的影响。研究发现:人口流动对家庭风险金融资产配置具有显著的正向促进效应,在使用工具变量法处理内生性问题和一系列稳健性检验之后结论依然成立。进一步研究发现,人口流动对50岁以上的户主家庭和城市居民家庭的风险金融资产配置促进作用更大;同时,人口流动通过影响家庭的社会互动和风险偏好,进而提升家庭的风险金融资产配置水平。鉴于已有文献鲜有从人口流动视角研究家庭风险金融资产配置问题,研究结论丰富了相关文献,同时也为政府相关部门优化人口流动机制、拓宽居民投资渠道提供了理论依据。

数字基础设施建设能否缓解农村家庭金融脆弱性?——“宽带中国”示范城市的政策效应分析

农村家庭在信息获取上的劣势是其金融脆弱性比城市家庭更高的原因之一,数字基础设施的完善能够有效缓解农村家庭面临的信息约束与信息劣势,从而可以通过增加家庭收入和优化家庭资产负债配置来缓解农村家庭的金融脆弱性。采用中国家庭追踪调查2010—2018年的5期数据,运用多期双重差分模型进行政策效应分析,结果表明,“宽带中国”示范城市建设显著降低了农村家庭的金融脆弱性;机制分析发现,数字基础设施建设可以提高农村居民非农就业和购买商业保险的概率,并提高农村家庭的非农就业收入和保险参与度,即数字基础设施建设可以通过促进非农就业和保险参与两条路径来缓解农村家庭金融脆弱性;异质性分析结果显示,数字基础设施建设对户主为男性、户主未婚、平均文化程度较低、收入水平较低的农村家庭具有更为显著的金融脆弱性缓解作用。因此,应加强农村地区数字基础设施建设,并充分发挥“数字下乡”促进农民非农就业和保险参与的积极作用,有效缓解农村家庭金融脆弱性。